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Creator:: Ralston, David K., Geyer, W. Rockwell, and Lerczak, James A.
Abstract:: The tidally varying circulation, stratification, and salt flux mechanisms are investigated in a shallow salt wedge estuary where fluvial and tidal velocities are large and the steady baroclinic circulation is comparatively weak. The study integrates field observations and numerical simulations of the Merrimack River estuary. At moderate to high discharge...
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Full Text:: bathymetry and low background vertical and horizontal diffusivities. Citation: Ralston, D. K., W. R. Geyer

Creator:: Ralston, David K., Geyer, W. Rockwell, Lerczak, James A., and Scully, Malcolm
Abstract:: Turbulent mixing of salt is examined in a shallow salt wedge estuary with strong fluvial and tidal forcing. A numerical model of the Merrimack River estuary is used to quantify turbulent stress, shear production, and buoyancy flux. Little mixing occurs during flood tides despite strong velocities because bottom boundary layer...
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Full Text:: . Citation: Ralston, D. K., W. R. Geyer, J. A. Lerczak, and M. Scully (2010), Turbulent mixing in a strongly

Creator:: Warner, John C., Geyer, W. Rockwell, and Lerczak, James A.
Abstract:: Numerical simulations of the Hudson River estuary using a terrain-following, three-dimensional model (Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)) are compared with an extensive set of time series and spatially resolved measurements over a 43 day period with large variations in tidal forcing and river discharge. The model is particularly effective at...
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Full Text:: ; Sharples and Simpson, 1993; Nunes Vaz and Simpson, 1994; Monismith et al., 1996; Stacey, 1996] in which the

Creator:: Ralston, David K., Geyer, W. Rockwell, and Lerczak, James A.
Abstract:: A tidally and cross-sectionally averaged model based on the temporal evolution of the quasi-steady Hansen and Rattray equations is applied to simulate the salinity distribution and vertical exchange flow along the Hudson River estuary. The model achieves high skill at hindcasting salinity and residual velocity variation during a 110-day period...
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Full Text:: 2 d e f � H2Ks �s�x , 2.4 where term (a) is the salt flux due to gravitational cir

Creator:: Lerczak, James A., Geyer, W. Rockwell, and Ralston, David K.
Abstract:: The temporal response of the length of a partially mixed estuary to changes in freshwater discharge Q𝒻 and tidal amplitude Uₜ is studied using a 108-day time series collected along the length of the Hudson River estuary in the spring and summer of 2004 and a long-term (13.4 yr) record...
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Full Text:: VOLUME 39 mixing at the top of the boundary layer (Stacey and Ralston 2005): hbl 5H Rfc Rix � �1/2

Creator:: Scully, Malcolm E., Geyer, W. Rockwell, and Lerczak, James A.
Abstract:: In most estuarine systems it is assumed that the dominant along-channel momentum balance is between the integrated pressure gradient and bed stress. Scaling the amplitude of the estuarine circulation based on this balance has been shown to have predictive skill. However, a number of authors recently highlighted important nonlinear processes...
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Full Text:: fluxes (Stacey et al. 1999; Scully and Friedrichs 2003, 2007). However, previous studies of the

Creator:: Chen, Shih-Nan, Geyer, W. Rockwell, Ralston, David K., and Lerczak, James A.
Abstract:: Isohaline coordinate analysis is used to compare the exchange flow in two contrasting estuaries, the long (with respect to tidal excursion) Hudson River and the short Merrimack River, using validated numerical models. The isohaline analysis averages fluxes in salinity space rather than in physical space, yielding the isohaline exchange flow...
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Full Text:: A L O F P H Y S I C A L O C E A N O G R A P H Y VOLUME 42 DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-11-086.1 � 2012

Creator:: Lerczak, James A. and Geyer, W. Rockwell
Abstract:: The dynamics of lateral circulation in an idealized, straight estuary under varying stratification conditions is investigated using a three-dimensional, hydrostatic, primitive equation model in order to determine the importance of lateral circulation to the momentum budget within the estuary. For all model runs, lateral circulation is about 4 times as...
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Full Text:: is not present, and JUNE 2004 1411L E R C Z A K A N D G E Y E R FIG. 1. (a) Schematic showing

Creator:: Lerczak, James A., Geyer, W. Rockwell, and Chant, Robert J.
Abstract:: The subtidal salt balance and the mechanisms driving the downgradient salt flux in the Hudson River estuary are investigated using measurements from a cross-channel mooring array of current meters, temperature and conductivity sensors, and cross-channel and along-estuary shipboard surveys obtained during the spring of 2002. Steady (subtidal) vertical shear dispersion,...
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Full Text:: asymmetries in vertical mixing (Jay and Musiak 1996; Stacey et al. 2001). b. Tidal oscillatory salt flux

Creator:: Lemagie, Emily P. and Lerczak, James A.
Abstract:: The ability to determine a bulk estuarine turnover timescale that is well defined under realistic conditions is in high demand for estuarine research and management. We compare how turnover timescales vary with tidal and river forcing from idealized forcing scenarios using a three-dimensional circulation model of the Yaquina Bay estuary...
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Full Text:: al. 1990; Communicated by Robert D. Hetland E. P. Lemagie (*) : J. A. Lerczak College of Earth

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