Barotropic tidal currents flowing over rough topography may be slowed by two bottom boundary–related processes: tangential stress of the bottom boundary layer, which is generally well represented by a quadratic drag law, and normal stress from bottom pressure, known as form drag. Form drag is rarely estimated from oceanic observations...
As currents flow over rough topography, the pressure difference between the up-and downstream sides results in form drag-a force that opposes the flow. Measuring form drag is valuable because it can be used to estimate the loss of energy from currents as they interact with topography. An array of bottom...