Published January 1978. A more recent revision exists. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu
Published March 1993. A more recent revision exists. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu
Published January 1988. A more recent revision exists. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published July 1984. A more recent revision exists. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised October 1991. A more recent revision exists. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised September 1988. A more recent revision exists. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published October 1982. A newer revision exists. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised July 1994. A more recent revision exists. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised July 1990. A newer revision exists. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised August 1985. A more recent revision exists. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published June 1984. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published August 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1981. Reprinted August 1984. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Every time you take a picture, you make choices. What will be in the picture? Will you take the picture standing up or kneeling down? Photography is fun because it opens your eyes to choices. It lets you show things as you see them.
Published July 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published January 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This guide addresses all aspects of volunteer program management, emphasizing the integration of volunteers into all areas of the organization. Underlying its suggestions is the authors' belief that the objectives of a volunteer program -- mutual benefit and shared responsibilities -- are achievable if salaried and volunteer staff participate equally...
Published January 1999. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published October 1992. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Welcome to Leadership in 4-H Photography! No special knowledge is required. This Guide and the Member's Manual provide all the information you need for Unit 1. They are designed to make photography easy to learn and to teach.
There are only three essential requirements for successful leadership. One, MAKE IT...
Published December 1988. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published December 1988. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published April 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1992. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published July 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised March 1981. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published December 1981. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published August 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised April 1988. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published January 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1984. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1984. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published November 1988. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published January 1986. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published July 1983. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published August 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published January 1986. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published January 1986. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published April 1980. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Information within this publication may be outdated. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), also called English ryegrass, is a cool-season perennial bunchgrass native to Europe, temperate Asia, and North Africa. It is widely distributed throughout the world, including North and South America, Europe, New Zealand, and Australia.
Blue mustard (Chorispora tenella) is a native of Russia or
southwest Asia. It first was documented in this country in
Lewiston, Idaho in 1929, and has spread throughout the
western plains states, the western portion of the United States,
and southern Canada.
Declared out of print July 2010. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The first decision to be made is whether to incubate eggs naturally or artificially. Natural incubation uses a broody hen to incubate eggs by sitting on them in a nest. Broody hens, when available, work best for small clutches of eggs.
In nature, chicks hatch after 2 to 4 weeks of incubation by the parents, most often the hen. The hatched chicks provide the stimulus to the hen to change her work from incubating eggs to brooding young. This form of brooding chicks is the easiest if only a few chicks...
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. or Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot, also called Italian rye grass) is a cool season annual bunchgrass native to southern Europe. It is closely related to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Both are widely distributed throughout the world, including North and South America,...
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is native to western and central Europe, but has been grown in North America for more than 200 years. In the 1830s, settlers in western
Virginia recognized the forage value of shade tolerant
D. glomerata plants growing in an orchard.
Bulbous bluegrass is another example of an introduced
European plant that escaped to become weedy. The first reports
of its growth in the United States were experimental
plantings at Arlington, Virginia, in 1907, and one at Pullman,
Washington, at about the same time. It was produced commercially
in southern Oregon...
Declared out of print July 2010. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum), also called Klamath weed and goatweed, was introduced from Europe and was found in California about 1900. It was a major pasture weed west of the Cascade mountains from Tacoma south to central California until the successful introduction of the chrysolina beetle, a leaf-eating insect.
Wild garlic (Allium vineale) was introduced from Europe where it was used as a food flavoring. It is found in pastures, lawns, ornamental beds, and several cultivated crops. It grows west of the Cascades from Vancouver Island south into northwest Oregon.
Tuber oatgrass
(Arrhenatherum elatius var
bulbosum) is native to Europe
and was introduced into this
country as a meadow grass. It
is found throughout the
Pacific Northwest but is
common west of the Cascades
and locally in central Washington.
Red sorrel (Rumex acetosella) also is known as sheep, horse, field, mountain, and cow sorrel or sour dock. This European weed grows throughout the Pacific Northwest under various soil and climate conditions.
The public expects and deserves
a safe food supply. This
includes food free of antibiotic
residues. Congress has empowered
the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) to examine and
closely monitor the use of animal
drugs in dairy herds across the
nation. This regulatory agency has
the power of enforcement action.
Common groundsel, native to Europe, is now common throughout the temperate regions of the world. It is widespread in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, but most common west of the Cascade Mountains. This weed is found in many crops, including forages, cereals, mint, berries, and row crops, as well as in...
Distaff thistle is sometimes called wooly distaff thistle, and in Australia it is Saffron thistle. It is native to the Mediterranean region of Europe and central Europe.
Life is filled with changes. Sometimes those changes involve loss. When we lose someone or something important to us, we grieve. Although the death of a loved one is generally the most intensely and deeply felt loss, many life changes can involve loss and cause us to grieve.
Each Christmas tree species requires special skill and specific knowledge to be grown successfully. True fir Christmas trees are no exception. In fact, the true firs, many argue, require more detailed knowledge, more specific site requirements, and more individual attention than other species.
Over the past 30 years, Christmas trees have become an intensively managed horticultural crop. During this period, higher standards and increasing competition have given the edge to growers who are progressive and highly motivated. Whether you’re a large or small producer, your trees must have consistently high quality for successful...
Creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens L.) probably is the most troublesome of several members of the buttercup family that are weeds in the Pacific Northwest. There are many native species of buttercup in the Pacific Northwest, but the weedy species are of European origin. It’s likely that they were introduced as...
Western wildcucumber (Marah oreganus [T. & G.]
Howell), also known as Oldman- in-the-ground, Echinocystis
oregana Cogn., is a perennial with stems that
regrow each spring from a huge woody root.
Stems become long, and they climb with the aid of branched
tendrils. Leaves are alternate, lobed, and up to 6...