Black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) cuttings were collected from five Oregon provenances along a north-south gradient. Cuttings from each provenance were grown for 1 year at two locations, one on the Willamette Valley floor and the other on the Valley margin. Survival at both locations was poor. Stem...
Volume I: TREES (Timber Resource Economic Estimation System), a forest management and harvest scheduling model, is comprehensively described in the first of a four-volume series. Even- or uneven-aged forest inventories form basic resource units (BRUs), entered by age class or size and diameter classes; stocking level; and management intensity. Management...
The Forest Engineering Department, Oregon State University, has evaluated several systems for thinning young timber stands on steep terrain. Stands averaged 35 to 40 years old and 25.4 to 35.6 cm (10-14 in.) dbh. Approximately 40 percent of the stems per hectare were removed in the thinning operations. This paper...
For more than a decade now, the use of herbicides (especially phenoxy herbicides) in forestry has been the subject of intense controversy. The debate has touched upon many aspects of herbicides, ranging from ecology to economics. But at the center of discussion has been the issue of possible adverse effects...
Tarif access tables were developed for mountain hemlock [Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.] on the Deschutes National Forest in the Central Oregon Cascade Mountains from an equation for cubic-foot volume including top and stump (CVTS). These tables provide access to the comprehensive tree-volume tarif system.
The effects of naturally shaded microsites on survival and height growth of natural and planted seedlings were evaluated after an initial shelterwood harvest in the eastern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon. After 2 years, the probabilities of survival for planted Douglas-fir (84 percent) and ponderosa pine (56 percent) were significantly...
The authors describe a new,theoretical methodology for evaluating the replacement of a single piece of logging equipment with a predetermined new model. The example is for a specific piece of equipment and gives results unique to the data-base analyzed, but the application typifies procedures, required data, and results of the...
A 20-year-old Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] stand in the Oregon Coast Range was thinned from about 1,700 to about 350 trees/ac. Subsequent thinnings, under eight different regimes, occurred at ages 23, 27, 30, and 32. Average net periodic cubic-volume growth was strongly influenced by thinning regime, varying from about...
A model consisting of a linked series of equations is presented for estimating the future effect of various intensities of forest management on the economy of a region. The model, in conjunction with the most recent inventory of the USDA Forest Service, is then applied to data from Douglas County,...
One-year-old container-grown Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] seedlings were outplanted on north, east, south, and west aspects on steep, skeletal Xerochrepts in southwest Oregon. After 2 years, survival rates were highest on north and south aspects, but biomass production (dry weight) was greatest on the west aspect. Shadecards, used to...
At three sites in southwest Oregon, uniform stands of whiteleaf manzanita were created for future studies on the effects of manzanita competition on Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine plantations. The sites were marked according to grids and nearby 2-year-old seedlings were lifted and transplanted to fill in gaps in the natural...
Research on skyline machines and techniques currently available for yarding smallwood is reviewed. Three categories of machines are discussed: used yarders (with a low initial cost) adaptable to smallwood, new and versatile yarders (with a high Initial cost) manufactured in the United States, and new, foreign-built yarders (with a low...
The use of crew incentives in logging operations in the western United States is an effective way to reduce costs and provide attractive wages. However, such systems require a reliable method of setting the price, a good estimate of the daily costs of labor and equipment, and a method of...
Joint harvest scheduling of Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Forest Service lands in western Oregon would result in small increases in harvests because of the physical allowable cut effect. Total revenues to counties in western Oregon would fall in the near future if revenues from a merged agency were...
The production rates and costs of harvesting smallwood were determined for a small yarder (Koller K-300) operating under variable conditions: the size of the crew, the addition of a skidder to swing logs from the landing, and the type of harvest method-employed, either conventional or hot thinning (simultaneous felling and...
Equations for predicting total height as a function of diameter at breast height are presented for 17 tree species from southwest Oregon. Because basal area and site index often influence tree height, additional equations are presented which may include either or both of these as independent variables. Equation coefficients were...
Young western hemlock stands in the Coast Range of Oregon will
contribute to the commercial timber supply of the region in the
future, the extent of the contribution depending on environmental
and cultural factors. The relative diameter and volume growth of
crop-trees in the stands will be increased substantially by...
"Because forest managers and geneticists need basic information about natural variations in populations of red alder, we studied conelet and seed characteristics, as well as early growth, of this species along an elevational transect in the Coast Range of Oregon."--P. [1].
There are four sources of biomass fuels for generating electricity in southwest Oregon: noncommercial hardwoods, logging residues, mill residues, and municipal solid wastes. Noncommercial hardwoods and logging residues exist in sufficient quantities to support 100 MWe of generating capacity for 20 years. Logging residues are costly to harvest and would...
This publication collates the published ranges of fuelwood characteristics for 33 conifer and 20 hardwood species in the Pacific Northwest. The following characteristics are covered: specific gravity, percent moisture content, higher heating value, and percent ash of wood and bark; percent bark by volume; and ultimate analysis (percent carbon, hydrogen,...
The effects of artificial shading and aspect on the performance of 1-0 container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings were evaluated 1 year after outplanting on four different aspects in southwest Oregon. The test areas, all characterized by steep slopes and shallow, skeletal soils with a surface mantle of loose rock and logging slash,...
"An important limitation In the study of tree roots has traditionally been the time necessary to excavate roots without injuring their fine structure. Thus, many root studies have been based on small samples and consequently contain large errors of estimation. This Note describes how large numbers of root systems from...
An economic cost analysis of 258 Forest Service developed recreation sites in Region One examined eleven different site types, including campgrounds, picnic grounds, boating and swimming sites, interpretive sites, and information sites. Costs were estimated for planning, facilities, and operation and maintenance. Averaging costs by category showed that, in general,...
Regression equations for estimating the aboveground biomass (ovendry weight) of individual plants of 10 shrub and 2 pine species were developed from data collected in south central Oregon. All include a single independent variable and were generated from logarithmically transformed data. Total aboveground biomass of each shrub species is predicted...
This paper presents equations developed to predict the height to live crown base of six species in the central western Willamette Valley of Oregon. Weighted nonlinear regression was used to fit a separate logistic equation for each species. The predictor variables are total tree height, crown competition factor in trees...
Equations are presented for predicting height to crown base (or bole ratio) for fourteen species of trees common to the mixed-conifer zone of southwest Oregon. Nonlinear regression was used to fit a weighted logistic function for each species. The independent variables include height, crown competition factor in larger trees, stand...
Equations and tables predicting gross total stem volumes in cubic feet are presented for Douglas-fir, grand fir, white fir, ponderosa pine, sugar pine, and incense-cedar. The data were gathered in second-growth, mixed-conifer stands of southwest Oregon. The basic equations use diameter outside bark at breast height and total tree height...
Perennial woody plants have a complex annual cycle keyed to the environment. Temperate plants have an annual dormant period commonly broken by exposure to low temperatures, although daily photoperiods of 16 hours or longer may partially substitute for the chilling. Shoot growth in the spring is normally stimulated by rising...
Comparisons were made to determine how the uncertainty of initial inventories and projected yields affect harvest schedules for Douglas-fir. Results indicate that short-run harvests are most affected by errors in initial inventory, with the effect being less than the size of the error. Long-run harvests are most affected by yield...
Two-year-old Douglas-fir bareroot seedlings were hoe- and auger-planted on droughty south and southwest aspects in southwest Oregon. After 2 years, no differences in height, diameter, or seedling biomass could be detected. Auger-planted seedlings survived significantly better on the southwest aspect.
Environmental restrictions have induced many sawmills to seek alternatives to pentachlorophenol (penta) or similar chlorinated phenols to control fungal sapstains on green lumber. Five alternative preventives were evaluated against a traditional penta product (Permatox 101) on Douglas-fir, hem-fir, and pine lumber in an accelerated 6-week test on small specimens in...
This paper is a detailed description of a method for calculating and analyzing losses and recoveries in a veneer peeling/clipping operation. The method involves filming veneer sheets as they exit the clipper, digitizing this film, and using the digitized information in a computer analysis.
Aerial application of fosamine ammonium or glyphosate at moderate rates was not adequate for controlling understory brush before final harvesting of mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands or for reducing vigor of post-harvest sprouting. Symptoms of herbicide injury were those associated with low application rates, suggesting that the canopy intercepted too...
Tables are presented that summarize 108 published articles on forest growth and yield in the Pacific Northwest. Each table describes the form of the information presented, the species to which the information is applicable, the data sources used to develop the information, the data needed to predict growth and yield,...
A detailed cost analysis was performed on 111 U.S. Forest Service campgrounds in the Pacific Northwest (Region 6). Five experience levels were analyzed to estimate facility, operation and maintenance, and opportunity costs. Cost functions, estimated by multiple linear regression analysis to predict the effect of size (number of sites) and...