Eleven series of untreated posts, 33 series of nonpressuretreated posts, and 13 series of pressure-treated posts remain in test. Series in which all posts have failed now number 34 for untreated, and 18 for nonpressure-treated. Causes of failures since 1949 were: fungi, 77 per cent of failures; fungi and termites,...
The effect of lifting Douglas-fir seedlings from the nursery bed
and replanting them, either immediately or after storage at 2 C for
periods up to six weeks, was investigated through a series of experiments
conducted in controlled-environment chambers and under field
conditions. Seedlings lifted prior to December, or after buds...
Correlation was sought between abundance of mycorrhizae on
Douglas-fir seedlings and their survival in field plantations.
One possible indication of dormancy desirable for lifting from
nursery beds could be the varying seasonal abundance of ectotrophic
mycorrhizae on roots of seedlings. No direct correlation between percentage
of mycorrhizae and survival in...
Planting techniques, size and age of seedlings, and protection
against animals were investigated for their influence on survival of
ponderosa pine at two sites in southern Oregon. Caging and mulching
with paper were the most effective measures for reducing mortality.
Preliminary trials prior to large-scale planting were recommended for
determining...
Germination and survival of Douglas-fir on seedbeds of unburned,
lightly burned, and severely burned soil, charcoal, litter, and sawdust,
exposed to 100, 75, and 25 percent of full light, were studied on a
south-facing clearcutting in the Coast range of Oregon.
Irrespective of exposure to light, germination was best on...
Survival and growth during three years at 8 out-planting areas are reported for Douglas-fir from 14 sources of seed. Early survival was highest near Nimpkish on Vancouver Island. At most plantations, trees from the local seed source grew as well as did those from the best three sources. Trees from...
To test the effects of kiln-drying on strength properties of Douglas fir and western hemlock, temperatures to 230 F, conditions for equilibrium moisture contents of 6 percent and 12 percent, and prolonged heating were investigated.
Prolonged heating and choice of conditions for 6 percent or 12 percent equilibrium moisture content...
Two intermediate cuttings were made in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand on the Wilark forest management research area in northwestern Oregon. Age of trees in the stand varied from 47 to 62 years at the first cutting. Crawler tractors were used in both extractions. In the first cutting,...
Preliminary field tests made by the Oregon State University Mechanical Experimentation Department on a burner in Benton County indicated that better combustion control on any given burner, which is in good repair, can be obtained by careful control of the overfire air flow rated This report offers various equipment arrangements...
A preliminary report to the Fifty-fifth legislative assembly, February 1969. This is a preliminary report of a two-year study that was authorized by the Fifty-fourth Legislative Assembly in 1967. The study was aimed at providing means of lessening air pollution from disposal of wood and bark residues by forest products...
Moisture content and shrinkage were determined on specimens equilibrated at two conditions for equilibrium moisture content (EMC) at room temperature after the specimens had been dried under a variety of constant temperatures with constant EMC's. Moisture content at room temperature equilibrium was less for specimens dried at high temperature than...
Eight series of untreated posts (including 5 series of steel), 22 series of nonpressure-treated posts, and 13 series of pressure-treated posts remain in test. Series in which all posts have failed now number 36 for untreated and 29 for nonpressure-treated. Causes of failures since 1949 were: fungi, 75 percent of...
This note was prepared to answer the questions most of ten asked by foresters concerned about the porcupine and its control. The literature was reviewed for information on the animal's life history and the extent of damage in other areas. Direct field work reported was done primarily near Medford, Oregon,...
The Dwight L. Phipps State Forest Nursery at Elkton annually supplies 22 million 2-0
Douglas-fir seedlings to Oregon land managers. Some managers report excellent success in
planting, but others report failures, particularly when planting late in the season. In some
instances poor survival seemed to be related to storage.
Physiological...
The forest-products industries are most important to the state of Oregon. Oregon leads the nation in the production of plywood, lumber, and particle board. More than half of softwood plywood production in the United States came from Oregon at the time of this survey, and more than a fifth of...
The effects of a range of thermoperiods and soil temperatures upon growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were studied. The seeds, of varieties glauca and menziesii, came from eight widely separated areas. Plants from both varieties made maximum growth with soil and air temperatures between 18 and 24...
Although the Douglas-fir region of the northwestern United States and British Columbia is frequently considered to have a common silviculture, obstacles to successful regeneration of the species range from competing vegetation and mammals on the mesic sites to extreme drought and heat on the xeric southerly exposures in northern California...
Considerable interest has arisen in the relation between timber-selling procedures and the accomplishment of timber-selling objectives on public lands in the West. Procedures of public agencies for measuring and paying for timber by log scale or by lump sum have attracted special attention. There are significant differences in the two...
Reforestation sometimes is delayed by planting seedlings that do not have high potential for survival. Several factors influence survival. Unstored Douglas-fir lifted and planted in early fall generally are increasingly harmed by moisture stress the farther south in the Douglas-fir region they are. Such early-lifted seedlings are harmed even more...
During clearcut logging, complete removal of the forest canopy and the shade it provides
to small streams can cause large increases in water temperature. Such increases in temperature can be prevented if buffer strips of vegetation are left along the stream to provide shade. The purposes of this paper are...
How much do we know about the environment of a tree seedling? How often are our
regeneration practices doing an effective job of improving habitat enough to make the
difference in forest establishment? Environmental research, and manipulation techniques, have
received intensive emphasis in recent years. Much is known about the...
Fifteen large glued-laminated beams made from visually graded hem-fir lumber were designed, fabricated, and tested to failure in static bending. When tested, the beams had an average moisture content of 7.5 percent. The beams were 40 feet long, 5 1/8 inches wide and 24 inches deep. Before laminating, individual pieces...
Data collected from permanent sample plots at medium and high elevations in Oregon's coastal forest clearly indicate that snow damage adversely influences stand development. Sapling stands of western hemlock and Douglas-fir were subjected to severe snow damage above 1,000 feet in the early parts of 1965 and 1966 and above...
Douglas-fir seedlings were planted in 1963 near Burnt Woods, Oregon, on land covered with grass, salal, or bracken to test the effects of terracing on regeneration. After 9 years, survival was best (about 95 percent) among seedlings machine-planted along the centers of the terraces and was better on south than...
Some of the world's most productive timberland lies on the slopes of the coastal range in Oregon and Washington. More than one-half of the commercial forest land in that area is estimated as high site quality for Douglas-fir, with a site index of 140 or better. But much of this...
The steadily increasing costs of raw materials, of the treated products, and of their replacement in service, as well as the steadily shrinking supply of preferred species, prompted a forum at Oregon State University on May 15, 1973 "to encourage the use of western hemlock and western fuss for poles...
Among the many products of Oregon's forests are poles and piling. These products form the basis of an industry with distinctive manufacturing and marketing processes. Based on information collected through interviews with officials of the pole and piling industry, this report describes characteristics of the industry-its major markets, marketing procedures,...
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is one of the world's most important and valuable timber trees. Its natural distribution in North America resembles an inverted V with uneven sides. From the apex in British Columbia, the western half extends along the Pacific mountain ranges into California for about 2,200 km...
This report describes initial results of a yarding time study for the Pansy Basin Study, a cooperative research project designed to test the performance of skylines, balloons, and helicopters operating under various conditions of timber and terrain, and over a range of silvicultural and landscape design prescriptions. Observations during the...
Oregon white oak, Quercus garryana Dougl., could have greater commercial use, but information on its drying properties is lacking. All oaks are difficult to dry, and the initial kiln conditions are important to prevent excessive surface checking and honeycombing. This study illustrated that a maximum dry-bulb temperature of 110 F...
Joints were fabricated from different combinations of untreated and fire-retardant- treated (FRT) Douglas-fir dimension lumber and 3/8-inch plywood. Eight types of fasteners and three fire-retardant treatments were tested. Joint specimens were exposed 2 and 7 years in cold, standard, and warm-humid conditions, then tested in lateral bearing. Best overall performance...
Energy is extremely important to all societies-but especially important to industrial societies. A characteristic of an industrial society is its enormous consumption of energy. Only in the past few years has there been a broad general concern about energy cost and supply. When petroleum prices increased by a factor of...
This report supplements Research Bulletin 18 (1975) of the Forest Research Laboratory, School of Forestry, Oregon State University. Bulletin 18 summarized analyses of data for the first field season of the Pansy Basin Study. This Bulletin extends those analyses to the second, and final, field season. Time-study observations during the...
This bibliography lists selected references useful to the forester in managing young forests in the Douglas-fir region. The references pertain to those management activities that are carried on in the forest from stand regeneration until final harvest. Emphasis is on silvicultural, operational, and economic aspects of management, but social and...
Results reported here are from a large study designed to evaluate the effects of certain nursery procedures on subsequent survival of Douglas-fir seedlings. The effects of storage conditions and lifting dates were reported elsewhere (9). The determination of the optimum size of seedling for planting on different sites has been...
Urbanites who own forest land belong to a larger category of owners often referred to as small woodland owners. As a group, small woodland owners have been the subject of much investigation. Little research, however, has focused specifically on urban-dwelling owners who, as defined by the Census Bureau, live in...
Yarding delays add significantly to the time and cost required to obtain a given quantity
of timber. In this study, they increased total yarding time by as much as 28 percent. As yarding system complexity increases, the frequency of delays can also be expected to increase. For one balloon yarding...
In recent years, a great deal of research in North America has been directed toward refining methods of assessing the load-carrying capability of skyline systems. Little effort has been directed, however, toward field measurement of cable tensions for skyline logging systems to facilitate initial tensioning of unloaded skylines or to...
A technique for solving efficiently the catenary problem encountered in surveying with tapes is presented. The theory of the catenary solution is outlined, and our technique is shown to solve correctly the catenary for all conditions. Analysis of error that compared the catenary correction to the more commonly used parabolic...
Eight series of untreated posts (including five series of steel), 18 series of nonpressure-treated posts, and II series of pressure-treated posts remain in test at the Oregon State University post farm in western Oregon. So far all posts have failed in 36 untreated series, 33 nonpressure-treated series, and 2 pressure-treated...
This report summarizes published information on Oregon hardwoods. Discussions of the trees and their woods include strength properties; appearance; gluability; machinability; steam bending; seasoning; treatability and durability; and special products.
"Control of competing vegetation during establishment is one of the key links in the chain of events leading to a new plantation and, ultimately, a productive forest resource. Experience has repeatedly shown that, without adequate site preparation, reforestation efforts almost inevitably will fail. Vegetation control during the establishment period by...
This bibliography represents selected literature pertinent to interaction studies of vegetation-seedling competition in reforestation; it is not a complete review of the scientific literature.
The response of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.) to two methods of site preparation for planting was compared. One site was cleared of mature brush by the "brown-crush-and-burn" method. The other was partially cleared by spraying with herbicides. Seedlings lifted and planted in December, January, February, and April were...
Monitoring soil density on three sites during repeated trips with a high-speed skidder showed that: During the first 20 trips, soil density primarily increased between depths of 2 to 4 inches; Density increased most during the first few trips; Density continued to increase slowly in amount and depth with the...
Stands of brush and tree species of low commercial value dominate many potentially productive forest lands in western Oregon. Site preparation to reduce competition from such vegetation will improve the success of reforestation efforts, as well as reduce the cost of controlling small mammals that destroy seeds and seedlings. Site...