Ten herbicides (atrazine, azafenidin, chlorsulfuron, clopyralid, hexazinone, imazapic, imazapyr, metsulfuron, pendimethalin, and sulfometuron) were evaluated for phytotoxicity in first-year seedlings of eight conifer species (Douglas-fir, grand fir, noble fir, redwood, Sitka spruce, western hemlock, western red cedar, and western white pine). Six of these herbicides (atrazine, clopyralid, hexazinone, imazapyr, metsulfuron,...