The initiation of ice in an isolated orographic wave cloud was compared with expectations based on ice nucleating aerosol concentrations and with predictions from new ice nucleation parameterizations applied in a cloud parcel model. Measurements of ice crystal number concentrations were found to be in good agreement both with measured...
In situ airborne sampling of refractory black carbon (rBC) particles and Ice Nuclei (IN) was conducted in and near an extratropical cyclonic storm in the western Pacific Ocean during the Pacific Dust Experiment, PACDEX, in the spring of 2007. Airmass origins were from Eastern Asia. Clouds associated primarily with the...
Knowledge of cloud and precipitation formation processes remains
incomplete, yet global precipitation is predominantly produced by
clouds containing the ice phase. Ice first forms in clouds warmer
than −36 °C on particles termed ice nuclei. We combine observations
from field studies over a 14-year period, from a variety of
locations...