Index Catalog // ScholarsArchive@OSU

Traits, properties, and performance: how woody plants combine hydraulic and mechanical functions in a cell, tissue, or whole plant

Creator:: Lachenbruch, Barbara and McCulloh, Katherine A.
Abstract:: This review presents a framework for evaluating how cells, tissues, organs, and whole plants perform both hydraulic and mechanical functions. The morphological alterations that affect dual functionality are varied: individual cells can have altered morphology; tissues can have altered partitioning to functions or altered cell alignment; and organs and whole...
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Impacts of dwarf mistletoe on the physiology of host Tsuga heterophylla trees as recorded in tree-ring C and O stable isotopes

Creator:: Marias, Danielle E., Meinzer, Frederick C., Woodruff, David R., Shaw, David C., Lachenbruch, Barbara, Falk, Kristen, McKay, Jennifer, Voelker, Steven L., and Brooks, J. Renee
Abstract:: See article for Abstract. Keywords: mesophyll conductance, effective path length
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Tree-ring stable isotopes record the impact of a foliar fungal pathogen on CO₂ assimilation and growth in Douglas-fir

Creator:: Saffell, Brandy J., Meinzer, Frederick C., Voelker, Steven L., Shaw, David C., Brooks, J. Renée, Lachenbruch, Barbara, and McKay, Jennifer
Abstract:: Swiss needle cast (SNC) is a fungal disease of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) that has recently become prevalent in coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest. We used growth measurements and stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in tree-rings of Douglas-fir and a non-susceptible reference species (western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla) to evaluate...
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Seasonal carbohydrate dynamics and growth in Douglas-fir trees experiencing chronic, fungal-mediated reduction in functional leaf area

Creator:: Saffell, Brandy J., Meinzer, Frederick C., Woodruff, David R., Shaw, David C., Voelker, Steven L., Lachenbruch, Barbara, and Falk, Kristen
Abstract:: Stored non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) could play an important role in tree survival in the face of a changing climate and associated stress-related mortality. We explored the effects of the stomata-blocking and defoliating fungal disease called Swiss needle cast on Douglas-fir carbohydrate reserves and growth to evaluate the extent to which...
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Drivers of radial growth and carbon isotope discrimination of bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) across continental gradients in precipitation, vapour pressure deficit and irradiance

Creator:: Voelker, Steven L., Meinzer, Frederick C., Lachenbruch, Barbara, Brooks, J. Renee, and Guyette, Richard P.
Abstract:: Tree-ring characteristics are commonly used to reconstruct climate variables, but divergence from the assumption of a single biophysical control may reduce the accuracy of these reconstructions. Here, we present data from bur oaks (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) sampled within and beyond the current species bioclimatic envelope to identify the primary environmental...
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Do Ray Cells Provide a Pathway for Radial Water Movement in the Stems of Conifer Trees?

Creator:: Barnard, David M., Lachenbruch, Barbara, McCulloh, Katherine A., Kitin, Peter, and Meinzer, Frederick C.
Abstract:: • Premise of the study: The pathway of radial water movement in tree stems presents an unknown with respect to whole-tree hydraulics. Radial profi les have shown substantial axial sap fl ow in deeper layers of sapwood (that may lack direct connection to transpiring leaves), which suggests the existence of...
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Spring temperature responses of oaks are synchronous with North Atlantic conditions during the last deglaciation

Creator:: Voelker, Steven L., Noirot-Cosson, Paul-Emile, Stambaugh, Michael C., McMurry, Erin R., Meinzer, Frederick C., Lachenbruch, Barbara, and Guyette, Richard P.
Abstract:: Paleoclimate proxies based on the measurement of xylem cell anatomy have rarely been developed across the temperature range of a species or applied to wood predating the most recent millennium. Here we describe wood anatomy-based proxies for spring temperatures in central North America from modern bur oaks (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.)....
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Hydraulic architecture of two species differing in wood density: opposing strategies in co-occurring tropical pioneer treespce_2421 116..

Creator:: McCulloh, Katherine A., Johnson, Daniel M., Meinzer, Frederick C., Voelker, Steven L., Lachenbruch, Barbara, and Domec, Jean-Christophe
Abstract:: Co-occurring species often have different strategies for tolerating daily cycles of water stress. One underlying parameter that can link together the suite of traits that enables a given strategy is wood density. Here we compare hydraulic traits of two pioneer species from a tropical forest in Panama that differ in...
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An Extension of the Plant Ontology Project Supporting Wood Anatomy and Development Research

Creator:: Lens, Frederic, Cooper, Laurel, Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra, Groover, Andrew, Jaiswal, Pankaj, Lachenbruch, Barbara, Spicer, Rachel, Staton, Margaret E., Stevenson, Dennis W., Walls, Ramona L., and Wegrzyn, Jill
Abstract:: A wealth of information on plant anatomy and morphology is available in the current and historical literature, and molecular biologists are producing massive amounts of transcriptome and genome data that can be used to gain better insights into the development, evolution, ecology, and physiological function of plant anatomical attributes. Integrating...
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Physical models as an aid for teaching wood anatomy

Creator:: Lachenbruch, Barbara
Abstract:: Student activities and instructor-made models are described to facilitate and encourage other instructors to develop their own appropriate activities and models for teaching the three-dimensional structure of wood. The teaching activities include making several annual rings with straws pushed into clay, drawing wood’s structure onto a piece of paper that...
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Antisense down-regulation of 4CL expression alters lignification, tree growth and saccharification potential of field-grown poplar

Creator:: Voelker, Steven L., Lachenbruch, Barbara, Meinzer, Frederick C., Jourdes, Michael, Ki, Chanyoung, Patten, Ann M., Davin, Laurence B., Lewis, Norman G., Tuskan, Gerald A., Gunter, Lee, Decker, Stephen R., Selig, Michael J., Sykes, Robert, Himmel, Michael E., Kitin, Peter, Shevchenko, Olga, and Strauss, Steven H.
Abstract:: Transgenic down-regulation of the Pt4CL1 gene family encoding 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) has been reported as a means for reducing lignin content in cell walls and increasing overall growth rates, thereby improving feedstock quality for paper and bioethanol production. Using hybrid poplar (Populus tremula 3 Populus alba), we applied this...
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Comparative hydraulic architecture of tropical tree species representing a range of successional stages and wood density

Creator:: McCulloh, Katherine A., Meinzer, Frederick C., Sperry, John S., Lachenbruch, Barbara, Voelker, Steven L., Woodruff, David R., and Domec, Jean-Christophe
Abstract:: Plant hydraulic architecture (PHA) has been linked to water transport sufficiency, photosynthetic rates, growth form and attendant carbon allocation. Despite its influence on traits central to conferring an overall competitive advantage in a given environment, few studies have examined whether key aspects of PHA are indicative of successional stage, especially...
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Reduced wood stiffness and strength, and altered stem form, in young antisense 4CL transgenic poplars with reduced lignin contents

Creator:: Voelker, S. L., Lachenbruch, Barbara, Meinzer, Frederick C., and Strauss, S. H.
Abstract:: • Reduced lignin content in perennial crops has been sought as a means to improve biomass processability for paper and biofuels production, but it is unclear how this could affect wood properties and tree form. • Here, we studied a nontransgenic control and 14 transgenic events containing an antisense 4-coumarate:coenzyme...
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Tyloses and phenolic deposits in xylem vessels impede water transport in low-lignin transgenic poplars: a study by cryo-fluorescence microscopy

Creator:: Kitin, Peter, Voelker, Steven L., Meinzer, Frederick C., Beeckman, Hans, Strauss, Steven H., and Lachenbruch, Barbara
Abstract:: Of 14 transgenic poplar genotypes (Populus tremula × Populus alba) with antisense 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase that were grown in the field for 2 years, five that had substantial lignin reductions also had greatly reduced xylem-specific conductivity compared with that of control trees and those transgenic events with small reductions in...
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The blind men and the elephant: The impact of context and scale in evaluating conflicts between plant hydraulic safety and efficiency

Creator:: Meinzer, Frederick C., McCulloh, Katherine A., Lachenbruch, Barbara, Woodruff, David R., and Johnson, Daniel M.
Abstract:: Given the fundamental importance of xylem safety and efficiency for plant survival and fitness, it is not surprising that these are among the most commonly studied features of hydraulic architecture. However, much remains to be learned about the nature and universality of conflicts between hydraulic safety and efficiency. Although selection...
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Transgenic poplars with reduced lignin show impaired xylem conductivity, growth efficiency and survival

Creator:: Voelker, Steven L., Lachenbruch, Barbara, Meinzer, Frederick C., Kitin, Peter, and Strauss, Steven H.
Abstract:: We studied xylem anatomy and hydraulic architecture in 14 transgenic insertion events and a control line of hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) that varied in lignin content. Transgenic events had different levels of down‐regulation of two genes encoding 4‐coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL). Two‐year‐old trees were characterized after growing either as free‐standing...
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Climate-related trends in sapwood biophysical properties in two conifers: avoidance of hydraulic dysfunction through coordinated adjustments in xylem efficiency, safety, and capacitance.

Creator:: Barnard, David M., Meinzer, Frederick C., Lachenbruch, Barbara, McCulloh, Katherine A., Johnson, Daniel M., and Woodruff, David R.
Abstract:: In the Pacific north-west, the Cascade Mountain Range blocks much of the precipitation and maritime influence of the Pacific Ocean, resulting in distinct climates east and west of the mountains. The current study aimed to investigate relationships between water storage and transport properties in populations of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and...
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An Annual Pattern of Native Embolism in Upper Branches of Four Tall Conifer Species

Creator:: McCulloh, Katherine A., Johnson, Daniel M., Meinzer, Frederick C., and Lachenbruch, Barbara
Abstract:: Premise of the study: The Pacific Northwest of North America experiences relatively mild winters and dry summers. For the tall coniferous trees that grow in this region, we predicted that loss in the hydraulic conductivity of uppermost branches would be avoided because of difficulty reversing accumulated emboli in xylem that...
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Coordination of leaf structure and gas exchange along a height gradient in a tall conifer

Creator:: Woodruff, D. R., Meinzer, Frederick C., Lachenbruch, Barbara, and Johnson, D. M.
Abstract:: The gravitational component of water potential and frictional resistance during transpiration lead to substantial reductions in leaf water potential (Ψl) near the tops of tall trees, which can influence both leaf growth and physiology. We examined the relationships between morphological features and gas exchange in foliage collected near the tops...
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A comparison of daily water use estimates derived from constant-heat sap-flow probe values and gravimetric measurements in pot-grown saplings.

Creator:: McCulloh, Katherine A., Winter, Klaus, Meinzer, Frederick C., Garcia, Milton, Aranda, Jorge, and Lachenbruch, Barbara
Abstract:: Use of Granier-style heat dissipation sensors to measure sap flow is common in plant physiology, ecology and hydrology. There has been concern that any change to the original Granier design invalidates the empirical relationship between sap flux density and the temperature difference between the probes. Here, we compared daily water...
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Impacts of tree height on leaf hydraulic architecture and stomatal control in Douglas-fir

Creator:: Woodruff, David R., McCulloh, Katherine A., Warren, Jeffrey M., Meinzer, Frederick C., and Lachenbruch, Barbara
Abstract:: This study investigated the mechanisms involved in the regulation of stomatal closure in Douglas-fir and evaluated the potential impact of compensatory adjustments in response to increasing tree height upon these mechanisms. In the laboratory, we measured leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) as leaf water potential (Yl) declined for comparison with in...
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Xylem hydraulic safety margins in woody plants: coordination of stomatal control of xylem tension with hydraulic capacitance

Creator:: Meinzer, Frederick C., Johnson, Daniel M., Lachenbruch, Barbara, McCulloh, Katherine A., and Woodruff, David R.
Abstract:: 1. The xylem pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity due to embolism widely used for comparisons of xylem vulnerability among species and across aridity However, despite its utility as an index of resistance to catastrophic xylem failure drought, P5o may have no special physiological relevance in the context of...
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Dynamic variation in sapwood specific conductivity in six wood species

Creator:: Domec, Jean-Christophe, Meinzer, Frederick C., Lachenbruch, Barbara, and Housset, Johann
Abstract:: Our goals were to quantify how non-embolism-inducing pressure gradients influence trunk sapwood specific conductivity (ks) and to compare the impacts of constant and varying pressure gradients on ks with KCl and H2O as the perfusion solutions. We studied six woody species (three conifers and three angiosperms) which varied in pit...
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Effects of bark thickness estimates on optimal log merchandising

Creator:: Marshall, Hamish D., Murphy, Glen E., and Lachenbruch, Barbara
Abstract:: Bark plays a critical role in the life of a tree when it is standing. Once the tree is felled, however, bark has minimal value and may be a net financial loss to the forest industry. Because of bark’s limited worth, logs are often bought and sold based on under...
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Height-related trends in leaf xylem anatomy and shoot hydraulic characteristics in a tall conifer: safety versus efficiency in foliar water transport

Creator:: Woodruff, D. R., Meinzer, Frederick C., and Lachenbruch, Barbara
Abstract:: • Hydraulic vulnerability of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) branchlets decreases with height, allowing shoots at greater height to maintain hydraulic conductance (Kshoot) at more negative leaf water potentials (Ψl). • To determine the basis for this trend shoot hydraulic and tracheid anatomical properties of foliage from the tops of Douglas-fir trees...
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Moving water well: comparing hydraulic efficiency in twigs and trunks of coniferous, ring-porous, and diffuse-porous saplings from temperate and tropical forests

Creator:: McCulloh, Katherine A., Sperry, John S., Lachenbruch, Barbara, Meinzer, Frederick C., Reich, Peter B., and Voelker, Steven
Abstract:: • Coniferous, diffuse‐porous and ring‐porous trees vary in their xylem anatomy, but the functional consequences of these differences are not well understood from the scale of the conduit to the individual. • Hydraulic and anatomical measurements were made on branches and trunks from 16 species from temperate and tropical areas,...
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Murray's law, the ‘Yarrum’ optimum, and the hydraulic architecture of compound leaves

Creator:: McCulloh, Katherine A., Sperry, John S., Meinzer, Frederick C., Lachenbruch, Barbara, and Atala, Cristian
Abstract:: • There are two optima for maximizing hydraulic conductance per vasculature volume in plants. Murray's law (ML) predicts the optimal conduit taper for a fixed change in conduit number across branch ranks. The opposite, the Yarrum optimum (YO), predicts the optimal change in conduit number for a fixed taper. •...
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Stem form and compression wood formation in young Pinus radiata trees

Creator:: Lachenbruch, Barbara, Droppelmann, Fernando, Balocchi, Claudio, Peredo, Miguel, and Perez, Erika
Abstract:: The crooked stems of some individuals of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) can hinder volume recovery and wood quality. To infer causes of crookedness and to learn how angle affects compression wood (CW) formation we studied 4+1-year old trees in southern Chile. Eight initially straight and 8 initially crooked...
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Relationships of density, microfibril angle, and sound velocity with stiffness and strength in mature wood of Douglas-fir

Creator:: Lachenbruch, Barbara, Johnson, G. R., Downes, G., and Evans, R.
Abstract:: The relative importance of density, acoustic velocity, and microfibril angle (MFA) for the prediction of the stiffness (MOE) and strength (MOR) has not been well established for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). MOE and MOR of small clear specimens of mature wood were better predicted by density and velocity than by either...
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Bordered pit structure and function determine spatial patterns of air-seeding thresholds in xylem of Doulglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinaceae) trees

Creator:: Domec, Jean-Christophe, Lachenbruch, Barbara, and Meinzer, Frederick C.
Abstract:: The air‐seeding hypothesis predicts that xylem embolism resistance is linked directly to bordered pit functioning. We tested this prediction in trunks, roots, and branches at different vertical and radial locations in young and old trees of Pseudotsuga menziesii. Dimensions of bordered pits were measured from light and scanning electron micrographs,...
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Maximum height in a conifer is associated with conflicting requirements for xylem design

Creator:: Domec, Jean-Christophe, Lachenbruch, Barbara, Meinzer, Frederick C., Woodruff, David R., Warren, Jeffrey M., and McCulloh, Katherine A.
Abstract:: Despite renewed interest in the nature of limitations on maximum tree height, the mechanisms governing ultimate and species-specific height limits are not yet understood, but likely involve water transport dynamics. Tall trees experience increased risk of xylem embolism from air-seeding because tension in their water column increases with height due...
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Do Douglas-fir branches and roots have juvenile wood?

Creator:: Peterson, M. G., Dietterich, H. R., and Lachenbruch, Barbara
Abstract:: We sampled boles, branches, and roots of four Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) trees to learn a) whether branches and roots have a zone of juvenile wood, defined as a zone with progressive changes in wood density and/or tracheid length from the pith outward at successively greater cambial ages, and...
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Safety factors for xylem failure by implosion and air-seeding within roots, trunks and branches of young and old conifer trees

Creator:: Domec, Jean-Christophe, Warren, Jeffrey M., Meinzer, Frederick C., and Lachenbruch, Barbara
Abstract:: The cohesion-tension theory of water transport states that hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together and that they are pulled through the xylem under tension. This tension could cause transport failure in at least two ways: collapse of the conduit walls (implosion), or rupture of the water column through air-seeding. The...
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Phytophthora ramorum colonizes tanoak xylem and is associated with reduced stem water transport

Creator:: Parke, J. L., Oh, E., Voelker, S., Hansen, E. M., Buckles, G., and Lachenbruch, Barbara
Abstract:: Isolation, detection with diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and microscopy demonstrated the presence of Phytophthora ramorum in the sapwood of mature, naturally infected tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) trees. The pathogen was strongly associated with discolored sapwood (P < 0.001), and was recovered or detected from 83% of discolored sapwood tissue samples....
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The effects of Phytophthora ramorum infection on hydraulic conductivity and tylosis formation in tanoak sapwood

Creator:: Collins, B. R., Parke, J. L., Lachenbruch, Barbara, and Hansen, E. M.
Abstract:: Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. and Arn.) Rehder) is highly susceptible to sudden oak death, a disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora ramorum Werres, De Cock & Man in’t Veld. Symptoms include a dying crown, bleeding cankers, and, eventually, death of infected trees. The cause of mortality is not well understood,...
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