A layered model of the study circulation in the South Pacific Ocean is constructed along the lines of Luyten, Pedlosky and Stommel, and driven by the mean annual wind stress distributions computed by Hellerman and Rosenatein. The results of the model agree quite well with published maps of topography of...
A simple parameterization of mixing processes originally developed by Kraus and Turner (1967) is included in a two-dimensional, two-layer theory of wind-driven coastal upwelling. Mixed-layer deepening is a competition between entrainment due to wind stirring, stabilization due to surface beating, and upwelling vertical velocity. For longshore winds favorable to upwelling,...
A theory of a two-dimensional wind-driven diabatic ocean mixed layer with strong horizontal gradients is formulated analytically. An equation that allows the relaxation of the strict Ekman balance—Coriolis force against wind stress—is derived from a careful consideration of the cross-gradient momentum balance. The relaxation scale depends implicitly on mixed-layer depth...