This report presents the findings of a sediment analysis
program formulated to determine the flushing potential
of various shaped small boat marina basins. Chemical tests
regarding volatile solids, Kjeldahl nitrogen, grease and
oil, and sulfides were performed with the results compared
to established sediment quality criteria. These results
were used...
The usual approach to calculation of the ultimate bearing
capacity of plastic silt is to assume no porewater drainage occurs
during the loading period. The coefficient of permeability of plastic
silt is generally significantly larger than clay; therefore, partial
drainage of porewater may occur during the loading period. This
study...
This is a fundamental study of the mechanism of protein particle
removal during flow through sandy soil. Mathematical models for
diffusion-adsorption and diffusion-convection-adsorption processes
were developed and compared with experimental data. An attempt was
made to calculate the distance over which the adsorption forces act.
The differential equation for the...
Geometric design standards have not been developed specifically for low volume roads. Design standards and criteria are extrapolated from higher standard roadways that are often not relevant to low volume roads. Safety is a primary criterion used for selection of design standards along with economic, financial, social and environment factors....
The transfer of trace metals within an estuarine
system is a complex function of physical and chemical processes
unique to that system. Although interactions of
metals with individual components has been studied, there
has been little investigation of interactions with multiple
component systems. Thus to further understand these
processes, an...
The rotating flighted cylinder (RFC) was investigated
as a potential wastewater treatment deVice. A RFC is a
rigid tube with a helically-wound fin attached to the interior
surface and operates by flowing wastewater through
the tube as it rotates.
An 8-inch and 24-inch
diameter RFC was tested for
solids-liquid
separation,...
The author presents a "state of the art" of the use of polymers
for better settling in domestic waste treatment and evaluates the
published research in the field.
Polymers have only recently been used to obtain better settling
in domestic waste treatment. Due to the number of polymer types
available...
Computer oriented techniques and procedures are presented for the analysis of single and multiple cable systems. Application is made to a two-point mooring system influenced by surface and subsurface hydrodynamic loading. The effects of the various parameters are presented and the numerical method is compared to exact solutions obtained from...
Many hazardous locations exist on our local and street highway
systems. Such hazards contribute to the frequency and severity of
traffic accidents. The elimination and mitigation of the hazards
reduces accident frequency and severity, as measured by the number of
fatalities, injuries and property damage resulting from the accidents.
The...
Dungeness crab is an important fishery on the Pacific Coast.
The processing subsystem of the fishery is hampered by a variety of
problems that have acted to impede technological innovations that
could improve efficiency and sanitation in seafood plants. This paper
provides background for problems encountered by the processors, discusses...
A need has existed for an in-depth structural analysis of penstock
bifurcations because they form an integral part of hydroelectric
power plants. Their geometrical complexity has prevented classical
structural analysis from providing an accurate and overall picture of
the stresses in the structure.
Digital computers and the development of finite...
The effects of roadbuilding, logging and burning upon stream
runoff responses to individual storms are evaluated for the Alsea
experimental watersheds, located in the Oregon Coast Range, The
parameters analyzed are peak discharge, induced peak discharge,
time-to-peak, and storm-runoff volume. The volume parameter is
further sub-divided into total, quick, delayed,...
The conventional method for structural design of wood-joist
floors is over-simplified and often results in stronger and stiffer
floors than necessary. There is also a need to include in the floor
design additional criteria dealing with human response to floor vibration
such as that due to walking.
This study develops...
The northern Oregon coast suffers extensive loss of land as a result of landslides which constitute the primary mechanism of coastline recession. Both real property and structures along the coast have been destroyed and this destruction will continue. In certain instances, it may be feasible to protect property by engineered...
Twenty-five gabion-type structures across the main stem and
tributaries of the Siuslaw River in the Oregon Coastal Range, installed
to expand the available spawning area for fish, were investigated for
their ability to perform gravel control functions such as trapping bedload
carried by the stream or holding gravel placed behind...
Spatial, diel and seasonal variations in dissolved oxygen and
temperature were measured in Triangle Lake, Oregon. Spatial dissolved
oxygen and temperature variations measured in the stratified
lake are presented to illustrate the horizontal uniformity of the lake
and to demonstrate the applicability of the one dimensional assumption
for sampling and...
Settlement of structures built on geologically recent compressible alluvium is a common cause of concern during design. Total settlement results from a combination of: 1) initial elastic settlement, 2) primary consolidation, and 3) secondary compression. The reliability of prediction of total settlement is affected by an understanding of these components...
Sediment transport in a gravel-bottomed stream located in the Oregon Coast Range was studied to determine the effects of a single
layer of large particles (the armour layer) located at the surface of the bed material. The bed load transport system was studied jointly with suspended sediment transport to understand...
Seasonal data on tides, water quality and sediments in the
Siuslaw Estuary were collected. Tide and velocity data were analyzed
to evaluate damping conditions in the estuary. The system was found
to approximate a weakly damped standing wave. A strong relationship
of damping conditions to river flow was observed. The...
During 1973 data was collected to analyze the seasonal variations of the tidal dynamics, water quality and sediments of the Alsea
Estuary. A summary of historical information with a list of all
known alterations to the estuary was made. A complete physical
description, including the geographical setting and mixing classification...
The stochastic and the Fourier theories for sand waves developed
by Lee(11) and Hino(6), respectively, for unidirectional flows are
extended in order to estimate the rate of sediment turnover (RST) under
oscillatory flows in the South Slough estuary, Coos Bay, Oregon. Data
were collected by a mechanical and a sonic...
The causes of turbidity in impounded and released reservoir
water are studied. Seven Willamette Basin reservoirs are compared
to isolate watershed and reservoir characteristics which produce variations
in turbidity. Of the seven, Hills Creek Reservoir is examined
in detail. Particular features of the basin and impoundment are
studied to isolate...
Random waves are often expressed as a mathematical superposition
of an infinite number of sinusoidal components. The mean square spectral
density of the water surface elevation is often called the wave spectrum.
The zero upcrossing wave heights usually have a Rayleigh probability
distribution. However, the design wave concept is still...
Prediction equations were developed for estimating the flow
regime at ungaged stream locations in the Oregon coastal range.
Principal components analysis was used to screen the initial data set
of physiographic and meteorological parameters. The final regression
equations for predicting mean monthly flow had standard errors of
estimate ranging from...
The overriding goal of this study was to provide first order estimates of dilution and tidal flushing of waste discharges released hypothetically into various Oregon estuaries during critical low flows and tides. Causal relationships between discharged wastes and subsequent estuarine response were studied. Various approaches to determine the assimilative capacity...
A study was conducted to determine the quantity and character
of substances leached from logs floating in water, and the rate of
leaching of these substances. The species of wood studied were Douglas
fir and ponderosa pine. The research was carried out in a controlled
laboratory environment with log sections...
This paper presents an application of the wave equation to the
problem of selecting a driving hammer for prestressed concrete piles.
The potentially damaging effects of these types of hammers on various
prestressed concrete piles were analyzed by means of parametric
studies carried out on a hypothetical group of problems...
This paper presents a method of predicting penetration
resistance for driven piles, using known driving records for driving
the same type piling in similar subsurface conditions. As known
driving records are not always available to the analyst, a method was
also investigated using soil data only. The analytical tools employed...
Effluent from an anaerobic swine manure lagoon was applied at
the upper end of six, 100 feet (30.5 m) long by 3 feet (0.9m) wide,
grass-covered plots which sloped about 3 percent. The objectives were
to measure concentration attenuation and mass reduction of potential
pollutants in the wastewater as the...
Major emphasis of this research study involved the evaluation
of nutrient transport by overland flow. Samples gathered at various
distances relative to a swine-waste spray irrigation system were
used for the nutrient evaluation.
As a result of this study, the following conclusions are made:
1. It is improbable that the...
A computer program was developed for estimating construction
pore pressures in embankments without drainage at any location in
the embankment at any time during construction. This program incorporated
a modification of the Hilf-Brantz method of pore pressure
calculation and a finite element method of stress computation.
Previous methods of calculating...
A second-order nonlinear diffraction theory is developed for a
large diameter circular cylinder under the action of surface gravity
waves of finite amplitude in water of-finite depth. Boundary value
problems are derived by using a perturbation expansion and the
solutions for the diffracted waves are given in terms of Fredholm...
A model to predict ammonia losses from sprinkler applied animal
wastes was developed; in order to accomplish this, a review of literature
was performed to determine possible methods of predicting ammonia
losses during sprinkling. As adaptability to a large variety of situations
was considered of maximum importance, the number of...
Hydraulic dredging is and most certainly will remain a primary
means of maintaining and improving ship channels and for land
reclamation in near-shore water. The study of which this thesis
describes a part is intended to develop a method of predetermining the
immediate disposition of sand spoils from hydraulic dredging...
A digital computer model was developed to simulate the time
and space distribution of a dissolved pollutant in an estuary. The program
is basically a one-dimensional finite-difference model, but two
dimensions can be represented by attaching together several one-dimensional
channels. The influence of convection, dispersion and
decay are included in...
Mathematical modeling of phytoplankton populations based on laboratory observations provides increased understanding of the interaction among the environmental and biological mechanisms. influencing growth dynamics. Such fundamental understanding is necessary to estimate the impact of man-made perturbations on natural population.
A three-compartment mathematical model was developed to represent a phytoplankton population...
The application of the least squares adjustment techniques to the
area of surveying has been considered and two computer programs
called HCONTRL and VCONTRL are developed for horizontal and vertical
control respectively. The principle of least squares is discussed
in chapter II. The observation and condition equations are compared
and...
This report describes the hydrodynamic testing and
evaluation of a one-tenth scale model of the FMC Wave
Attenuation Device. The purpose of the test was to quantify
the wave attenuation characteristics and structural loading
induced by a test program of monochromatic incident waves
on the submerged structure. The device was...
Full scale test roads combined with a theoretical analysis were
used to evaluate the benefits of incorporating a fabric as a base course
support material for gravel paved roads.
One material, a synthetic, nonwoven, polypropylene fabric was
used in this investigation. This fabric was used on top of the subgrade...
A method of measuring interstitial fluid mixing rates for
evaluation of exchange between pore water of estuarine benthic sediments
and the overlying water in a bay is presented. Pore water
movement is monitored by reducing conductivity of the interstitial
fluid within a zone of the benthic sediment to a depth...
Two strategic approaches to water quality control in Oregon's
Willamette River are presently being utilized: point source treatment
and flow augmentation. Dry weather releases from reservoirs are for
authorized purposes other than water quality. Reservoirs can participate
in pollution control by summer flow augmentation where authorized water
resource objectives (flood...
Expansive soils in Eugene, Oregon present a problem to
residents, consultants, contractors, and the city government. During
the years 1977 to 1979, the nature and extent of the problem was
identified, including an outline of the local occurrence of expansive
soils and possible engineering solutions to the most often encountered...
In situ light and dark planktonic and benthal respirometers were
used to measure the oxygen requirements of Yaquina estuary water
and benthal deposits. Respirometer devices were constructed so that
actual conditions of mixing could be simulated and benthal deposit
disturbance would be minimized.
A mathematical model of a benthal respirometer...
Based upon the Pearson Type VIII distribution function,
a general retention function which relates the saturation to
the capillary pressure in disturbed soils has been discovered.
This simple and yet complete function has been
shown to describe precisely the imbibition as well as the
drainage branch of the retention curve....
An experimental study was conducted to determine the hydrodynamic
forces on smooth and roughened circular cylinders as
influenced by a nearby plane boundary. The ambient flow was perpendicular
to the cylinder and parallel to the boundary. Measurements
were taken in a water channel and a wind tunnel to obtain the...
This paper examines the response of submerged model sand
slopes to vibration and the beneficial effects of placing rock revetments
on the face of the slope to prevent flaw slides.
Pore water pressure response and deflection were used as a
criteria for stability in an attempt to relate stability with...
A mathematical model is developed for the analysis of circular
cell bulkheads subjected to gravity loads of cell fill, backfill, lateral
pressure, and surcharge load using the finite element method. The
finite element circular cell model consists of axisymmetric triangular
and/or quadrilateral ring elements for soil and cylindrical shell elements...
A computer program was developed for analyzing culverts
under earth embankments constructed of compacted cohesive soil
using the finite element method. The culvert-embankment system
is represented as a two-dimensional plane strain problem. The
plane of investigation is taken normal to the culvert axis. The soil-culvert
interface is assumed to be...
Problems associated with quantification of deep water wave kinematics
and dynamics are examined. Summaries of Stokes' theory and Dean's
stream function theory are reported. A computer algorithm is developed
to solve the hydrodynamic characteristics for Stokes' fifth and third
order and linear theories. Tests are initiated to verify the results...
A conceptual model was developed to further the understanding
of the evolution and fate of volatilized ammonia in
the atmosphere. Recent trends in livestock rearing have
been toward confinement facilities in which high animal concentrations
are maintained. One of the impacts of these
facilities has been increased local concentrations of...
The roles of fabrics in subdrains are identified for normal
groundwater flow conditions to determine hydraulic and pore characteristics
necessary for design considerations. Two conditions are discussed:
(1) the fabric in direct contact with the soil to provide
mechanical support, and (2) the fabric as a filter to remove soil...
Nonlinear large deflection finite element analyses of a fabric
reinforced embankment on muskeg were performed to predict fabric
tension and the effect of fabric stiffness on embankment deflections.
The predicted fabric tensions were compared with the results of a
sliding block analysis, and show this simple analysis requires further
correlation...
Short non-flexible elements of cable were driven harmonically
in water while constrained by springs. The cable elements were observed
to oscillate at approximately the Strouhal vortex shedding
frequency. Damped resonance occurred near the point where the natural
frequency and the Strouhal vertex shedding frequency were equal.
Transverse oscillation amplitudes greater...
Two built-up wide-flange beams with several large holes in each
beam were tested to failure. Strains were measured by strain gages
at various levels, located at the ends and center of typical holes, and
deflections were measured optically at two points on each beam.
Lateral bracing was provided to prevent...
An evaluation of fabric reinforcement of the roadway
structure is made. The study includes a parametric analy
sis using layered elastic theory and a series of large
scale model tests.
The parametric. study analyzes the stresses and
strains of roadway structures with a fabric layer between
tna surface layer and...
Side-scan sonar records in Oregon's Coos Bay estuary navigation
channels were obtained at intervals of two to three months during the
November 1974 - October 1975 time period from Coos Bay Channel Mile
11+50 to 15+20, and from a reach in the Marshfield Channel. A limited
side-scan survey effort was...
A one-dimensional, implicit, finite-difference model is
developed, calibrated and verified for three estuaries along
the central Oregon coast. The model is used to generate controlled
data for a large number of hypothetical estuaries.
Two non-dimensional coefficients, K[subscript F], and. K[subscript I], are developed
incorporating physical characteristics of the estuary which...
The biochemical degradation of domestic sludge deposits exposed to benthic marine conditions was investigated using a laboratory Deep Sea Simulator. The rate and extent of deposit stabilization were determined for select hydrostatic pressures and hydrogen acceptor conditions by monitoring depletion of particulate organic carbon in 2.0 and 3.0 centimeter deposits....
Perforated pipes were buried in the gravel bed of a laboratory stream, extending upstream from a simulated riffle in order to study their effect upon mixing and interchange of stream water and intragravel water. In the absence of such pipes the drop of energy gradient of the stream was concentrated...
Currently, the Port of Portland is developing a 9, 410 acre area
at the confluence of the Columbia and Willamette Rivers in Multnomah
County, Oregon. This area will be developed for industrial, commercial,
and recreational use. The recreational development in the
North Portland Peninsula area, including the Rivergate Industrial
District,...
This thesis presents an economic analysis for a proposed toll
road which is to separate different types of traffic such as pedestrians,
slow speed vehicles and high speed motor vehicles, and to
divert through traffic from the local roads. The use of a toll road
usually provides significant savings in...
The dynamic response of an offshore structure to measured and simulated
stochastic wave forces is investigated. The theoretical nondeterministic
analysis is performed in the frequency domain for a two-dimensional
model. The ocean wave system is assumed to be a zero mean, stationary,
ergodic Gaussian process described by a one-dimensional wave...
Channel maintenance operations in the rivers and harbors of the
United States annually require the disposal of over 320 million cubic
meters of dredge spoils. As the availability of suitable land sites
diminishes, open water disposal presents an attractive yet controversial
alternative method. For open water disposal to be acceptable,...
The mean square displacement response of a point on a transmission
line conductor that is subjected to wind gust generated lift forces is
computed. The wind gust velocity and wind gust generated lift forces
are treated as random processes in both time and space. A lift force,
that is velocity...
This paper describes the development of structural layer coefficients
for open graded asphalt emulsion surfacing layers which can be used with
the AASHO pavement design method, as modified by the U. S. Forest Service,
Region 6.
A field survey conducted to document the history, performance and
material characteristics of in-service...
This thesis presents the procedure adopted to develop the priority rating system for highway safety improvements. Safety hazards are classified into four categories:
(1) Railroad crossings,
(2) Intersections,
(3) Geometric-Related Hazards, and
(4) Roadside Hazards.
For each category of hazards, relationships are developed to obtain a hazard index and expected...
A laboratory study of anaerobically digested sewage
sludge was performed to measure equilibrium constants for
ammonia in the sludge. Measured constants describing the
solution and dissociation of ammonia in sludge were compared
to theoretical constants obtained from thermodynamic data.
No significant difference was found between these two sets
of constants....
The dynamic philosophy of education as applied to the undergraduate Civil Engineering program has been influenced by such factors
as the introduction of new theories, the demands
and needs of our society and the personnel responsible for teaching.
These changes
are reflected in the curriculum as witnessed
by a historical...
Calcareous sediments containing a large percentage of foraminiferal
microskeletal tests were taken from sites in the Panama Basin
and subjected to an investigation to determine the consolidation characteristics
of this type of soil. The consolidation-stress curves and
the time rate of consolidation curves in particular were investigated
in this study....
Evaluation of the safety hazards along a highway is usually
performed at specific locations and on known hazards. But, it is also
important to find any unrecognized hazards and their locations. Many
factors contribute to accident potential, and the combined effect of
several of them could produce a hazard that...
Mass transfer from single rising gas bubbles is generally studied
by taking motion pictures of the rising bubbles and analyzing the film
for the instantaneous mass transfer coefficient. In this study, a
different approach was taken for the analysis of mass transfer. This
analysis solved the simultaneous differential equations describing...
Land use planning, zoning, and subdivisions are integrally tied
to the land resource. The need for a land surveyor and for statutes
which govern his operation when working in these areas is stressed.
A brief history of Vermont and Oregon, illustrating the role of land
surveys on settlement, is given....
The purpose of this study was to provide an understanding of the
interrelationships between fresh and salt water Circulation, tidal transport
and flushing patterns in the Chetco River estuary and its boat
basins.
Field work and water quality measurements were conducted at the
entrance of the Chetco River during 1975...
A series of log storage experiments were conducted to determine
whether leachates derived from water storage of logs are acutely
toxic to fish. Log segments approximately 18 inches long and 16 inches
in diameter were stored in tanks and held submerged for a period of
7 days. The holding water...
A study was conducted to determine the oxygen uptake rate of
resuspended estuarine bottom sediments and the biodegradability of
the organic matter released during resuspension.
Oxygen uptake was measured on a Gilson Differential Respirometer
and the percent biodegradability was calculated by determining
the soluble organic carbon on a Beckman Carbonaceous...
A method of analysis of arbitrarily shaped prestressed concrete
members for biaxial bending is given. The stress-strain curve of
the concrete is represented by two parabolic segments, and the
effects of strain hardening of the steel are included in the analysis.
An iterative numerical procedure is used to solve for...
The behavior of a stream upon entering a field reservoir was
studied at various stages of stratification. The principal field techniques
included fluorometric and temperature surveys. General
relationships were obtained, between dimensional and locational characteristics
of the inflow current and the thermal structure of the
impoundment. As predicted by analytical...
Large-scale experiments on circular model cell bulkheads were
conducted to define the distribution of hoop stresses, deflections of
the cells, distortion of the cell fill, ultimate overturning resistance,
and the critical mode of failure. The embedment depth of the model
cells was varied to investigate the effect of embedment on...
A single cell in a 12 cell bulkhead was instrumented to observe
its behavior and confirm design assumptions during construction.
Vibrating wire strain gages were employed to measure horizontal
strains in sheetpiling webs. These were converted to interlock
force at eight locations and three elevations around the cell. The
deformed...
The failure of cutbanks is a major problem encountered by those
who construct low-cost roads in naturally forested residual soils.
Attempts have been made to lessen the severity of failures by classifying
certain soil areas as to their susceptibility to failure, in
addition to bringing past design experience into play...
Accuracy requirements for positioning a vessel in the near shore
area have increased in recent years. To meet these requirements
several electronic positioning systems have been developed. One
such system is the Cubic Autotape Model DM-40. The Autotape is a
circular positioning system which utilizes the phase comparison
between transmitted...
Coastal Oregon is deficient in quality construction aggregates.
There is, however, an abundance of lower quality, or marginal, aggregate
available for construction purposes. An evaluation of these marginal
aggregates is the purpose of this paper.
There are four classes of marginal rocks found on the Oregon Coast.
Basalts, high in...
The problem of a fixed rectangular structure of unit width in a
train of simple harmonic normally-incident waves is modeled. The solution
allows for variable (1) length and draft of structure, (2) differing
depths in the three (fore, aft, and beneath the structure) distinct
regions, and (3) wave period. The...
Withdrawal from a two-layer flow field is examined in terms of
the degree of selectivity of the withdrawal flow and its dependence
on an ambient current. Selectivity is defined as the bias of withdrawing
one layer more strongly than the other; the extreme' case is
complete selective withdrawal, where one...
Aerial photography has become a valuable method of acquiring
information on estuarine current circulation patterns. The method
provides a comprehensive picture of nearly simultaneous surface
water movements. It represents a significant improvement over
conventional surface float and current meter methods because large
areas may be covered in great detail with...
Aerial photography provides a method of analyzing dispersion
of wastes that are discharged into the ocean. This method is more
comprehensive than conventional boat sampling in dispersion studies.
The photographic technique permits waste concentrations to be
measured throughout the plume in one instant; thereby allowing the
diffusion analysis to be...
Waters of various salinities were secured from the Umpqua
estuary, the Umpqua River, and the open ocean near the mouth of the
estuary. The rate of oxidation of sulfides in these various waters
was investigated to assess the potential longevity of free sulfides in
estuarine waters.
The rate of disappearance...
This thesis presents a procedure to identify and evaluate forest
arterial and collector networks. The procedure identifies those
decision criteria important in evaluating both the arterial and
collector networks and the specific facilities identified on these
networks. The procedure incorporates the decision criteria and results
from network and facility analysis...
The concept of placing high strength linear reinforcements in a
soil backfill to produce a vertical retaining structure is a recent idea
that has been applied with success at a number of locations. Rational
procedures have been developed for the design of these structures
when the reinforcements consist of long...
A problem confronting the Corps of Engineers and other water resources planners in the Pacific Northwest is the prediction of anadromous fish enhancement benefits that would result from a proposed high dam project. These benefits are expected from augmenting natural streamflows with relatively cold reservoir withdrawals. The resulting increased streamflows...
The development of a pavement management system for low-volume roads is a difficult task. There are many interrelated activities that must be considered, such as planning, design, construction, maintenance, and pavement evaluation. This paper addresses the evaluation and maintenance components of a pavement management system for low-volume roadways and provides...
Plate loading tests in rock are deceptively simple tests to perform.
Consequently, many varieties have been developed in the past
60 years. From each of the varieties various investigators have added
their own developments and modifications, some good, and some not so
good. The result has been a confusion of...