Beginning in the late 1960s and throughout the past decade, unusual, perhaps neoplastic, large cells with rather consistent characteristics were described in mussels, clams, and oysters from several bays in the United States and the United Kingdom. The large, characteristic cells are thought by many workers to be abnormal leukocytes...
Sequences of coastal zone color scanner (CZCS) images from the offshore region adjacent to Vancouver Island, Canada, have been analyzed to estimate the time rate of decorrelation of surface phytoplankton chlorophyll pigment patterns. In these high-latitude, high-pigment areas, CZCS-derived pigment estimates were lower than those obtained from ship samples by...
Aerobic oxidation is important in the cycling of methane in the sediments of Lake Washington. About half of the methane flux from depth is oxidized to CO, in the upper 0.7 cm of the sediments and the remainder escapes into the water column. In terms of the total carbon budget...
Boundary-layer data from several different geographical locations are analyzed to document the behavior of boundary-layer shear above the surface. The influence of diurnal variation of stability is emphasized. The applicability of the power law for use in shear estimates is examined.
This study examines the inadequacies of formulations for surface fluxes for use in numerical models of atmospheric flow. The difficulty is that numerical models imply spatial averaging over each grid area. Existing formulations am based on the relationship between local fluxes and local gradients and appear to describe the relationship...
Lagrangian equations for momentum and buoyancy are developed for idealized turbulent fluid elements. The resulting formulation of transport can he viewed as a generalization of mixing length and parcel theories of mixing for application to gridded Eulerian models. This formulation of transport recognizes the mean gradients on the scale of...
The structure of turbulence in a strongly stratified nocturnal boundary layer is studied using fast-response aircraft data collected under clear sky conditions with weak ambient flow. The principal source of turbulence is shear generation near the top of the surface inversion layer. This shear is induced by the development of...
An analytical two-layer approximation of atmospheric flow is developed to study boundary-layer production of vertical motion. The model consists of a boundary layer topped by a free-flow layer. Both layers am time-dependent and possess different values of stratification. The boundary-layer equations are layer-integrated over a fixed depth and surface stress...