Throughout the 20th century, windthrow has affected forests in the Bull Run watershed, a 26,500 ha basin that is the principal water source for the city of Portland, Oregon. Windthrow from storms in 1973 and 1983 was mapped into a geographic information system (GIS) and compared to a 1931 windthrow...
A new era for partnerships between the US land grant university community and the US Agency for International Development began when Title XII legislation was enacted by the US Congress in 1975. Collaborative Research Support Programs emerged as an institutional innovation for the Agency and participating universities. This study uses...
Since the eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18,1980, the rural communities within its shadow have experienced tremendous change. Tourism has become a highly visible and somewhat controversial component of change in the region, and its importance to local economies has increased. As a result of increased tourism development...
The equilibrium response of Canadian vegetation to climate and climatic change was modeled at three organizational levels of the vegetation mosaic. The climatic parameters used as model drivers (i.e., snowpack, degree-days, minimum temperature, soil moisture deficit, and actual evapotranspiration) are components of climate that physiologically constrain the distribution of dominant...
The effect of scale is an important concern in mapping of biodiversity. Scale issues include the grid cell size used for analysis and the effect of the extent and internal boundaries. Because biodiversity analysis involves combinatorial processes, determining the proper scale is data dependent and cannot be predicted from the...
Methane flux was measured from northern Alaska Arctic Coastal Plain wetlands to assess the spatial and temporal variability of Arctic tundra emissions during the summers of 1987 through 1990. Initially, the role of vegetation in the release of methane from substrate to atmosphere was assessed. Methane emissions were shown to...
An innovative regional planning institution, the Northwest Power Planning Council, was created to plan for two conflicting water-related resources, fish and wildlife and electrical power. The Council is responsible for regional planning but implementation of those plans is largely the responsibility of four federal agencies and four state governments. As...
In the American West keeping water instream to protect fish and wildlife, recreation, and water quality is in direct conflict with traditional water laws. While most western states have established instream flow protection programs, protection has been hindered by the basic tenet of the prior appropriation doctrine, first in time,...
Coastal wetlands provide basic linkages between productive estuarine and freshwater ecosystems. Throughout the Mexican coast, rates of wetland loss and change are unknown. This project developed wetland inventories for 1973 and 1991, including ecological functions and values, and human activities in and around the wetlands. Data was integrated by use...
This work examined the transformation of the concept of biodiversity into natural resource policies of the U.S. Agency for International Development and the World Bank through 1988. The study identified several groups as playing key roles in the transformation process. These were nongovernmental environmental organizations, the scientific community, and the...