Published March 1990. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1992. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Statistical summaries of streamfiow data at 358 stream-gaging sites
are presented to aid in appraising the hydrology of river basins in Oregon.
Records for 36 stream-gaging stations were compiled into separate periods
because of changes in streamflow regulation during the period of data
collection. Statistical summaries for the periods before...
Flux estimates show that upward mixing of the deep-water nitrate pool accounts for more than 85% of the total new nitrogen input to the euphotic zone of Crater Lake. Because measured primary productivity (360 mg C m-2 d-1) is 10–30 times higher than a level supported solely by the input...
Natural stands and a 3-year-old plantation of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) trees were used to study the incidence of leaning stems, the level of growth stresses and tension wood formation, and the ability of the stems to right themselves to vertical. Overall, 10% of the 512 trees in 10...
Understanding the association between growth rate and wood properties is of practical importance to maximizing and sustaining wood and fiber production. Anatomical characteristics, specific gravity, and bending properties were determined at breast height for thirty 7-year-old trees with varying growth rates, from a red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) plantation. Wood...
Length of libriform fibers was measured in rings 2 7 at breast height in 7-year-old hybrid poplar stems from two clones (11-11, a Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray ´ P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. hybrid; and D-01, of unknown taxonomic identity) grown in a controlled test of three spacings (0.5,...
Heartwood durability of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) was studied as a function of vertical and radial position in boles of trees with a wide range of leaf area/sapwood area ratios. Six 34- year-old trees were harvested from each of three plots established 14 years before: very dense,...
Stratified seeds of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) were germinated, sown in soil, and seed coats and megagametophytes were removed at various stages of early seedling development. Yield and quality of DNA extracted from the megagametophytes were related to several morphological traits of the seedlings after
2...
Contributions of sites, rootstocks, and scion clones (and the nteractions between these factors) to scion growth and reproduction were studied in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Twenty-five full-sib families were used as rootstocks. Six scion clones were grafted on them in all combinations. Study sites were three seed orchards in...
When grown together in plantations, fast-growing southern and coastal sources of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)often have lower wood specific gravity than northern and inland sources. This study investigated whether this phenomenon could be explained by a later transition to latewood, associated with a longer period of height growth, of...
Pollen contamination was investigated in one block (block 4) of a 10-block Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed orchard complex in western Oregon. Blocks (25 clones each) represent different breeding zones; thus, contaminant pollen sources not only included the adjacent natural stand of Douglas-fir, but also other blocks within the...
Mortality from Armillaria root rot is a major concern of forest management. Field experiments were conducted in Minnesota to evaluate interspecific differential susceptibility and to assess whether density or species composition, specifically the proportion of conifers in a plot, influences seedling mortality from Armillaria spp. Seedlings of 10 tree species...
The effects of prescribed underburning on soil total C pools, total and inorganic N pools, and in situ net N mineralization were examined during a 1-year study in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) sites that had been experimentally burned 4 months, 5 years, or 12...
Many species of Populus, particularly cottonwoods of sections Aigeiros and Tacamahaca, remain recalcitrant to genetic transformation. We demonstrate that transgenic trees can be readily produced in several poplar genotypes using wild-type Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Hairy roots were produced in a variety of clones that included Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray,...
Seedlings of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco and Betula papyrifera Marsh. were grown in the greenhouse in monoculture and dual culture in soils collected from a young mixed species plantation in the southern interior of British Columbia. The objectives of the study were (i) to evaluate the ability of P. menziesii...
Nitrogen incorporation from red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) into an Oregon upland mesic forest soil was studied by tracing the fate of 15N added as 15N-labeled alder leaf litter. The recovery of 15N in vegetation, litter, light- and heavy-fractions of the soil, the chloroform-labile (microbial biomass) pool, and the whole...
Substrate respiration, mineralizable nitrogen, and nitrogen fixation rates, substrate moisture content, and temperature were measured in trenched and undisturbed plots within two western Oregon Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands. The stands represent two different environments and ages. Woods Creek, the site of the lower elevation mature 70-year-old stand, is...
Canopy architectures of five structurally complex forest stands and three structurally simple forest stands in southwest Oregon and the Willamette Valley, Oregon, were evaluated and quantified through crown area profiles. Mixed conifer and mixed conifer-hardwood stands across a range of sites were sampled for crown widths and heights. Crown width...
The efficiency of six disaggregative methods and two individual-tree methods was evaluated in terms of their ability to predict 5-year basal area increment for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands in western Oregon. Models were developed for predicting gross stand basal-area increment and individual-tree diameter increment. In addition, models were...
The amount and type of carbon (C) in a forest soil reflects the past balance between C accumulation and loss. In an old-growth forest soil, C is thought to be in dynamic equilibrium between accumulations and losses. Disturbance upsets this equilibrium by altering the microclimate, the amount and type of...
To consider the regional scale effects of forest management requires complete and consistent data over large areas. We used Landsat Thematic Mapper and Multispectral Scanner (TM and MSS) imagery to map forest cover and detect major disturbances between 1975 and 1992 for a 4.2 x 106 ha area of interior...
We studied the ages and diameter growth rates of trees in former Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) old-growth stands on 10 sites and compared them with young-growth stands (50-70 years old, regenerated after timber harvest) in the Coast Range of western Oregon. The diameters and diameter growth rates for the...
The extent to which parent trees within breeding zones of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) are locally adapted to their native environments was evaluated. Forty families from each of one Coastal and one Cascade breeding population in Oregon were assessed for cold hardiness and growth phenology, and...
Forest management problems with even-flow and adjacency considerations are difficult to solve optimally. A heuristic search intensification process, which uses two types of decision procedures, changes to single-decision choices (1-opt moves) and changes to two-decision choices simultaneously (2-opt moves), was used in an attempt to locate feasible and efficient solutions...
Although ecosystem management techniques are designed to enhance species diversity in managed forests, no comprehensive study has been conducted to evaluate effects of such techniques on diversity and productivity of hypogeous fungi (truffles). During this study, truffles were collected in a 55- to 65-year-old Douglas-fir forest from March 1993 through...
The current spruce bark beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) epidemic in interior Alaska is leaving large expanses of dead spruce with little spruce regeneration. Many of these areas are habitat for moose (Alces alces). To establish spruce regeneration and improve browse production for moose, paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh), willow (Salix...
A model was developed to predict the severity of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosendahl) G.N. Jones) in western hemlock trees (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) that developed within forests of Southeast Alaska that experienced near-catastrophic windthrow in the late 1800s. The model suggests that the degree of dwarf mistletoe severity on...
Several hypotheses about the relationships among individual tree growth, tree leaf area, and relative tree size or position were tested with red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) growing in uneven-aged, mixed-species forests of south-central Maine, U.S.A. Based on data from 65 sample trees, predictive models were developed to (i) estimate the...
Diseased and healthy Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were identified at two black-stain root disease centers, caused by Leptographium wageneri var. pseudotsugae Harrington & Cobb, in the Oregon Coast Range near Coos Bay. Phloem and sapwood near the root collar were sampled monthly for 1 year, whereas roots were sampled...
This paper reports the findings from a study made of the potential financial returns from nine alternative silvicultural prescriptions applied to four case-study stands of second growth in coastal British Columbia. The objectives were to compare prescriptions based on partial cutting with conventional clear-cutting and to explore the effects of...
We measured surface soil (0–15 cm) C and N pools and processes inside and outside an area that had been trenched 13 years earlier in an old-growth conifer forest (>450 years) to assess the long-term impacts of reduced root inputs on C and N turnover. Trenching, combined with frequent clipping...
There is concern that the conifer component of mixed conifer-deciduous forests in the Great Lakes region is on the decline, possibly the result of insufficient conifer regeneration. Limitations on conifer regeneration that occur during the first 18 months of seedling emergence and establishment were examined for Abies balsamea (L.) Mill....
Green tree retention, a practice based on ecosystem science, has been integrated into forest management as a working hypothesis, requiring research and monitoring to quantify its effects. We undertook a retrospective study of natural, two-aged forest stands on the Willamette National Forest to provide preliminary estimates of the effects of...
Alternatives to clear-cutting are being implemented to increase biodiversity of managed forests in the Pacific Northwest. Lichens are an integral component of old growth, but lichen biomass develops slowly in forests. We evaluated the long-term potential of live tree retention for lichen conservation in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests....
The interactive impact of overstory canopy closure, understory brush control, and simulated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) herbivory (i.e., clipping) on growth and survival of underplanted white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings was examined. Clipping was conducted in April 1996 and 1997 at three intensities (control, 0% previous year’s growth...
We characterized the structure and composition of unmanaged riparian forests in three river basins in Oregon’s coastal mountains. Our objective was to evaluate stand attributes at three spatial scales: streamside (site), drainage network (stream order), and basin (subregion). Data on basal area, species composition, snag density, canopy cover, and tree...
The quality of lumber and veneer recovered from logs of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is directly influenced by the maximum limb size attained on the crop tree. Because limb sizes are influenced by standdensity regimes, a need has arisen for quantitative tools that link a wide array of silvicultural...
Concentrations of 14 chemical elements (Al, B, C, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, N, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Zn) were measured in wood and bark of 126 sample trees representing different stages of decomposition in three major tree species of northwestern Russia: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea...
Seedlings of western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex. D. Don), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were transplanted into soils with low and high levels of available NO3 – (and total N). Current-year foliage was sampled after 10 weeks to determine the effect of...
Associations between the golden metallic beetle, Buprestis aurulenta L., and wood-destroying fungi were explored with adult beetles collected from log decks. A variety of fungi were isolated from the beetle bodies by four methods. A total of 863 isolations were made from 59 females and 21 males. There was no...
Most dairies need no commercial fertilizer if they use manure properly. In most cases, manure can supply all the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and several other nutrients needed for forage production.