From measurements of the energy‐containing scales of turbulence in the ocean thermocline, two new formulations are examined: (1) an inviscid estimate for the viscous dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy and (2) a mixing length estimate for the turbulent heat flux. These formulations are tested using coincident measurements of the...
Estimates of heat flux from direct measurements of vertical velocity-temperature
fluctuation correlations have been obtained from vertical profiles
through turbulent patches in the main thermocline. These have been compared
to more indirect flux estimates derived from dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic
energy and temperature variance. Because record lengths are limited...
The tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) polyprotein is proteolytically processed by three viral proteinases (NIa,
HC-Pro, and P1). While the NIa and HC-Pro proteinases each provide multiple functions essential for viral
infectivity, the role of the P1 proteinase beyond its autoproteolytic activity is understood poorly. To determine
if P1 is necessary...
Tobacco etch virus (TEV) encodes three proteinases that catalyze processing of the genome-encoded polyprotein.
The P1 proteinase originates from the N terminus of the polyprotein and catalyzes proteolysis between
itself and the helper component proteinase (HC-Pro). Mutations resulting in substitution of a single amino
acid, small insertions, or deletions were...
The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) used angular direction models (ADMs) to convert satellite scanning radiometer measurements to radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere. The ADMs were assumed to depend only on the physical characteristics of the scene being observed, and they were taken to be independent of...
A method for predicting oceanic productivity from remotely sensed diffuse attenuation (488 nm) and
surface chlorophyll concentration is presented. The method uses a climatological approach which consists
of applying a set of regressions for each region and season to yield the depth of the chlorophyll maximum,
the exponential slope of...
Recent measurements (21 September - 15 October 1992) of methane and water vapor by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) are compared with model results for the same season from a troposphere-middle atmosphere version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR )Community Climate...
We describe observations of tropical stratospheric water vapor q that show clear evidence of large‐scale upward advection of the signal from annual fluctuations in the effective “entry mixing ratio” qE of air entering the tropical stratosphere. In other words, air is “marked,” on emergence above the highest cloud tops, like...
An instrument on the Pathfinder lander has been designed to measure the structure of Mars’ atmosphere during spacecraft entry and descent from ~150 km altitude to the surface, and to measure meteorological parameters after landing for the landed duration of the mission. This is specified to be nominally 30 Mars...