An improved bound is obtained for the radius of the semicircle in the complex plane containing the complex phase speed of baroclinically unstable plane wave disturbances. In the limit of long waves, this bound contains a term increasing with β and decreasing with the mean stratification (i.e., decreasing with the...
The evolution of the covariance of two tracers involves a quantity called codissipation, proportional to the covariance of the gradients of the two tracers, and analogous to the dissipation of tracer variance. The evolution of the variance of a composite tracer—a linear combination of two simple, primary tracers—depends on the“composite...
A layered model of steady geostrophic ocean circulation driven by wind stress and buoyancy flux at the surface is derived. Potential vorticity, or thickness, of the two near-surface layers is driven by Ekman pumping and buoyancy pumping. The latter is represented as a flow of mass proportional to the modified...
An alongshore wind stress is applied at the eastern boundary of an ocean model, and its effects on the structure of the circulation in the ventilated pycnocline are studied. The offshore surface Ekman flow associated with such a wind is taken to be balanced by onshore geostrophic transport distributed over...
When averaging the equations of motion, thermodynamics, and scalar conservation over turbulent fluctuations, we perform the process in several stages. First, an average is taken over the microscopic scales of turbulence, including the centimeter-scale band in which the dissipation of kinetic energy and temperature or density variance occurs. The eddy-correlation...
A mechanism by which long planetary waves in the ocean may propagate significantly faster than the classical long baroclinic Rossby waves is investigated. The mechanism depends on the poleward thickening of intermediate density layers and the concomitant thinning of near-surface and deep layers. These features of the mass distribution are...
Planetary or Rossby waves are the predominant way in which the ocean adjusts on long (year to decade) timescales. The motion of long planetary waves is westward, at speeds ≥1 cm s⁻¹ . Until recently, very few experimental investigations of such waves were possible because of scarce data. The advent...
Current meter data from two sites were analyzed for near-inertial motions generated by storm during the ten-month period of the Ocean Storms Experiment in the northeast Pacific Ocean. The most striking feature of the inertial wave response to storms was the almost instantaneous generation of waves in the mixed layer,...
Seasat scatterometer and altimeter data are analyzed to investigate time-dependent Sverdrup dynamics in the Southern Ocean (40°S to 60°S) over seasonal time scales. Sverdrup dynamics are shown to be inadequate to describe the circulation in the South Atlantic and Indian oceans. The Sverdrup circulation in the South Pacific is reasonable...