This study evaluates the impacts of sea surface temperature (SST) specification and grid resolution on numerical simulations of air–sea coupling near oceanic fronts through analyses of surface winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model. The 9 May 2001 change of the boundary condition from the Reynolds...
Family members who play a major role in caring for elderly relatives frequently ignore their own needs. Some find themselves virtually homebound and consumed by caregiving tasks. When caregiving is prolonged over months and years, the self-sacrifice is particularly harmful. We have prepared this publication to help you maintain your...
Closely spaced vertical profiles through the bottom boundary layer over a sloping continental shelf during relaxation from coastal upwelling reveal structure that is consistent with convectively driven mixing. Parcels of fluid were observed adjacent to the bottom that were warm (by several millikelvin) relative to fluid immediately above. On average,...
This study provides estimates of a complete demand elasticities matrix for meat, poultry, fishery fish,
aquaculture fish, as well as shrimp and shell fish in Taiwan, using the linear approximate almost ideal demand system.
Estimation is based on aggregate annual consumption data complied from Taiwan Food Balance Sheets during 1970-1998....
Bird conservation plan prepared by Oregon / Washington Partners in Flight containg strategies for the long-term maintenance of healthy bird populations in the Columbia Plateau of Eastern Washington and Oregon.
The advent of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods has enabled direct approaches to quantitatively profile small RNA
populations. However, these methods have been limited by several factors, including representational artifacts and lack of
established statistical methods of analysis. Furthermore, massive HTS data sets present new problems related to data processing
and...
• Compression wood has been shown to reduce stem permeability, but it is not known to what extent it affects leaf‐level processes. Here, we report whole‐plant hydraulic properties of Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings induced to form varying amounts of compression wood.
• Seedlings were grown under three bending treatments to...
A compartmental modeling approach is presented to route nitrate retention along a cascade of stream reach sections. A process transfer function is used for transient storage equations with first-order reaction terms to represent nitrate uptake in the free stream and denitrification in the storage regions. In the context of a...
Analytical methods capable of trace measurement of semi-volatile organic
compounds (SOCs) are necessary to assess the exposure of tadpoles to contaminants as a
result of long-range and regional atmospheric transport and deposition. The following
study compares the results of two analytical methods, one using pressurized liquid
extraction (PLE) and the...
In order to better understand the general problem of satellite cloud top height retrievals for low clouds, observations made by NOAA research vessels in the stratocumulus region in the southeastern Pacific during cruises in 2001 and 2003 to 2006 were matched with near-coincident retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer...
Thaler’s short paper is written to forecast the future of economics. The author states at the top that he will be subject to certain biases and also suggests good reasons why he will be subject to them. But, it turns out that the forecasts themselves are not supported by objective...
Thomas and Megahan [1998] provide a thoughtful reanalysis of our earlier paper [Jones and Grant, 1996]. Thomas and Megahan [1998] (hereinafter referred to as T&M) reacted to three assertions made by Jones and Grant [1996] (hereinafter referred to as J&G): (1) "forest harvesting has increased peak discharges by as much...
Here we correct an error in the calculation of the percent change in peak discharges associated with timber harvest and road construction in small, experimentally treated basins by Jones and Grant [1996]. This correction reduces the estimated magnitude of changes, but it does not affect the direction or statistical significance...
Well-defined fronts develop at the seaward edge of riverine plumes where suspended materials and planktonic organisms are concentrated by convergent water flows. Riverine plume fronts have been hypothesized to be favorable fish habitats because they can lead to localized prey
aggregations. We examined the spatial distribution of juvenile Pacific salmonids...
Making your own color prints from color negatives provides a whole new area of photography for you to enjoy. You can make prints nearly any size you want, from small ones to big enlargements. You can crop pictures for the composition that’s most pleasing to you. You can control the...
Month-long simulations using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric
Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) with a horizontal resolution of 9 km have been used to investigate
perturbations of topographically forced wind stress and wind stress curl during upwelling-favorable winds along
the California and Baja California coasts during June 1999....
To assess regional stores of coarse woody debris (CWD) in seven major forest regions of Russia, we combined data collected as part of the routine forest inventory with measurements in 1044 sample plots and the results of density sampling of 922 dead trees. The stores of CWD in the western...
One common assumption in interpreting ice-core CO₂ records is that diffusion in the ice does not affect the concentration profile. However, this assumption remains untested because the extremely small CO₂ diffusion coefficient in ice has not been accurately determined in the laboratory. In this study we take advantage of high...
The zebrafish has become an important model for cancer research. Several cancer models have
been established by transgenic expression of human or mouse oncogenes in zebrafish. Since it is
amenable to efficient transgenesis, zebrafish have immense potential to be used for studying
interaction of oncogenes and pathways at the organismal...
Climate regime shifts force fish communities through rapid transitions between alternate species assemblages, but little is known about the role that biochemical ecology plays in these transitions. We document a biochemical effect of climate-induced community transitions in boreal oceans: opposite population trajectories of lipid-rich and lipid-poor fish species. We compared...
Studies of the effects of climate change on forests have focused on the ability of species to tolerate temperature
and moisture changes and to disperse, but they have ignored the effects of disturbances caused by climate change
(e.g., Ojima et al. 1991).Yet modeling studies indicate the importance of climate effects...
Studies of the effects of climate change on forests have focused on the ability of species to tolerate temperature and moisture changes and to disperse, but they have ignored the effects of disturbances caused by climate change (e.g., Ojima et al. 1991). Yet modeling studies indicate the importance of climate...
Pretreatment of male C57BL/6 mice with low doses of the persistent organochlorine
(OC) pesticide, chlordecone (CD), stimulated biliary excretion of exogenous CH up to 3-fold. Increased biliary excretion occurred without changes in hepatic ATP-binding
cassette transporter G8 (ABCG8) of the bile canaliculus or scavenger receptor class B
type I (SR-BI)...
We investigated the response of hyporheic exchange flow (HEF) to wood removal in a small, low-gradient, gravel bed stream in southeast Alaska using a series of groundwater models built to simulate HEF for the initial conditions immediately after wood removal and 1 month, 2 years, 4 years, and 16 years...
The sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria is a valuable North Pacific Ocean species that, when not targeted in various commercial fisheries, is often a part of discarded bycatch. Predictions of the survival of discarded fish are dependent on understanding how a fish responds to stressful conditions. Our objective was to describe the...
We compared canopy arthropod assemblages among overstory conifer and understory angiosperm
species at Teakettle Experimental Forest in the Sierra Nevada in California during 1998–2000. Arthropods were
sampled from upper, middle, and lower crown levels of one overstory tree of each of the four dominant conifer
species (Jeffrey pine, sugar pine,...
Coastal waters, lakes, and streams in the Pacific Northwest provide a variety of seafoods including salmon and many other fish, clams, oysters, shrimp, and crab. You can enjoy these delicacies throughout the year if you preserve them when supplies are abundant. Canning is a popular method for preserving seafood. Products...
Americans have enjoyed cakes for hundreds of years. Back in colonial
days, the old “recipes” called for measurements like “a lump of
butter the size of a walnut” or “a dessert spoon full of sugar.” Ingredients were beaten for hours and housewives guessed at the oven
temperatures in their wood...
Streams make up only one percent of the watershed. Nonetheless, they are an essential component to watershed health. Streams are home to wildlife and fish. Well-functioning streams contribute to water quantity and quality. And streams play an important role in flood and erosion control.
One aspect of diadromy that has received little attention is buoyancy regulation in fish moving between freshwater and marine environments. Because of density differences between the two water types, fish must alter their whole-fish density (WFD) or they will become positively (float) or negatively (sink) buoyant as they change environments....
Fishes with closed swim bladders regulate buoyancy during depth changes by secreting and
resorbing swim bladder gases. Forced ascent during fishery capture results in barotrauma caused by rapid expansion and exsolution of gases from body fluids. Pressure changes in hyperbaric chambers were used to examine changes in swim bladder integrity...
Fatty acid esters extractable from the surface of honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), larvae, called brood pheromone, significantly increase rate of colony growth in the spring and summer when flowering plant pollen is available in the foraging environment. Increased colony growth rate occurs as a consequence of increased...
In optically shallow waters, i.e., when the bottom is visible through the water,
a tantalizing variety and level of detail about bottom characteristics are
apparent in aerial imagery (Figure 1a). Some information is relatively easy to
extract from true color, 3-band imagery (e.g., the presence and extent of submerged
vegetation),...
Little is known about biophysical controls on soil respiration in California’s Sierra Nevada oldgrowth, mixed-conifer forests. Using portable and automated soil respiration sampling units, we measured soil respiration rate (SRR) in three dominant patch types: closed canopy (CC), ceanothus-dominated patches (CECO), and open canopy (OC). SRR varied significantly among the...
Unusual collections of several euphausiid, chaetognath, and copepod species help elucidate
the effects of the strong 1997/1998 El Niño off the central Oregon, USA, coast. Furcilia of Nyctiphanes simplex, a euphausiid typically found only as far north as central California, were collected in bi-weekly nearshore samples between December 1997 and...
This Spanish-language overview of 4-H focuses on the role of adult volunteers and how the youth program supports the important values of many Latino communities--preserving cultural traditions, maintaining strong families, keeping children safe, and helping others.
Assessments for many U.S. Pacific coast groundfish stocks have been developed using the statistical catch-at-age method known as Stock Synthesis. This study used Monte Carlo simulation and a fractional factorial experiment to evaluate the effects of input data errors and stock characteristics on bias and precision in estimates of ending...
Fire performs many beneficial ecosystem functions in dry forests and rangelands across much
of North America. In the last century, however, the role of fire has been dramatically altered by numerous
anthropogenic factors acting as root causes of the current fire crisis, including widespread logging, road
building, fire suppression, habitat...
"VTP 36."--Container label.
This video focuses on reducing the use of paper in the work place. Various businesses show the techniques they use to increase efficiency, save money, and improve communications with customers.
We evaluated the effect of barotrauma on the behavior of nine species of Pacific rockfish Sebastes spp. after hook-and-line capture and release using a video-equipped underwater release cage. Sampling was conducted across a range of bottom depths (12-194 m), mostly where barotrauma resulting from an expanded swim bladder and gaseous...
This publication is designed to help you become more responsible as a 4-H babysitter. When you first started babysitting, you probably spent just a few hours with the children. As you become more experienced, you will be with the children for longer time periods. The more time you spend with...
Seabirds have often been proposed as environmental indicators. Beached bird data may provide an additional data source and such data is efficacious because it can reliably be collected by volunteers. In addition to anthropogenic factors, such as oil spills, changes in the ocean-atmosphere can affect carcass beaching rate in 3...
Successful fire exclusion in the 20th century has created severe fire problems across the West. Not every forest is at risk of
uncharacteristically severe wildfire, but drier forests are in need of active management to mitigate fire hazard. We summarize a
set of simple principles important to address in fuel...
Successful fire exclusion in the 20th century has created severe fire problems across the West. Not every forest is at risk of
uncharacteristically severe wildfire, but drier forests are in need of active management to mitigate fire hazard. We summarize a
set of simple principles important to address in fuel...
It is imperative that residues of these compounds be eliminated in poultry and eggs or be within the tolerances established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration when your flock is marketed or eggs are sold. Commercial chicken and turkey flocks are tested for...
The eastern South Pacific (ESP) oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) is a permanent hydrographic feature located directly off the coasts of northern Chile and Peru. The ESP OMZ reaches from coastal waters out to thousands of kilometers offshore, and can extend from the near surface to depths greater than 700 m....
Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs),
pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in 136 fish from 14 remote
lakes in 8 western U.S. National Parks/Preserves between
2003 and 2005 and compared to human and wildlife contaminant
health thresholds. A sensitive (median detection limit, -18
pg/g wet...
Atmospheric methane (CH₄) recorded in Antarctic ice cores represents the closest ice proxy available for Greenland temperature changes beyond times when Greenland climate records are available. The record over four climatic cycles from the Vostok ice core offers the opportunity to study the phase relationship between Greenland and Antarctic climate...
Existing atmospheric correction algorithms for multichannel remote sensing of ocean color from space were designed for retrieving water-leaving radiances in the visible over clear deep ocean areas and cannot easily be modified for retrievals over turbid coastal waters. We have developed an atmospheric correction algorithm for hyperspectral remote sensing of...
Objectives of proposed research:
1. Investigate the relationship between abscisic acid (ABA) and auxins and the regulation of carbon partitioning.
2. Investigate the origin of ABA present in the fruit during ripening and attempt to modify the partitioning pattern through manipulation of endogenous ABA levels using mefluidide (ABA biosynthesis promoter)...