The mass accumulation rates of sedimentary components (carbonate, organic carbon, opal, barite, reactive phosphate, iron, terrigenous minerals, etc.) are used in many paleoceanographic reconstructions to learn about temporal and spatial changes in surficial Earth processes including wind stress and direction, oceanic circulation, weathering rates, marine productivity and ecosystem structure, climate...
During Leg 168 of the Ocean Drilling Program, basalts were recovered by drilling and subsurface water was collected with a water sampling tool at Hole 1026B on the east flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge. Microorganisms were found in both types of samples. The microorganisms in the basalt appear to...
This paper presents a seismic sequence and structural analysis of a high-resolution three-dimensional seismic reflection survey that was acquired in June 2000 in preparation for Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 204. The seismic data were correlated with coring and logging results from nine sites drilled in 2002 during Leg 204....
Hydrate Ridge is an accretionary thrust ridge located on the lower slope of the central Cascadia convergent margin. Structural mapping based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional multichannel seismic reflection profiles and gridded bathymetry coupled with deep-towed sidescan sonar data and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) biostratigraphy suggests that seafloor fluid venting patterns...
During Ocean Drilling Program Leg 202, detailed shipboard paleomagnetic measurements at Sites 1233 and 1234 identified a reproducible high-resolution record of paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) at each site. These records also contained evidence for three magnetic field excursions. This paper summarizes the complete paleomagnetic record from Site 1233 and the...
The exchange of waters between the Pacific and the Southern Oceans occurs along the eastern boundary of the South Pacific. Because water masses of the Antarctic provide a connection among the world's ocean basins, these water masses maintain the ability to influence changes in ocean circulation and climate (Lynch-Stieglitz et...
This report describes the results of semiquantitative analysis of clay mineral composition by X-ray diffraction. The samples consist of hemipelagic mud and mudstone cored from Hydrate Ridge during Leg 204 of the Ocean Drilling Program. We analyzed oriented aggregates of the clay-sized fractions (<2 μm) to estimate relative percentages of...
Isotopic characterization of carbon in the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool is fundamental for a wide array of scientific studies directly related to gas hydrate research. In order to generate integrated and internally consistent data of δ¹³C of DIC in pore waters from Hydrate Ridge, we used the modern continuous...
Sediments at the southern summit of Hydrate Ridge display two distinct modes of gas hydrate occurrence. The dominant mode is associated with active venting of gas exsolved from the accretionary prism and leads to high concentrations (15%–40% of pore space) of gas hydrate in seafloor or near-surface sediments at and...
More than 7 km of long and relatively continuous sediment sequences
from 11 sites in the southeast and equatorial Pacific were recovered
during Leg 202 for the study of the Earth’s climate and biogeochemical
systems on scales that range from tectonic (millions of
years) to orbital (tens to hundreds of...
One of the biggest advantages of remote sensing is that large areas of the earth's surface can be surveyed in short periods of time, providing nearsynoptic "pictures." Repeated surveys of one area, like time-lapse photography, can be interpreted as a movie to illustrate the dynamics of detectable features. These attributes...
Hydrological optics has a rich history, playing a significant role in physical, chemical, and biological oceanography. The success over the last 30 years has provided oceanographers with a non-invasive means to study regional and global scale physical, chemical, and biological processes (Figure 1). The ability to map the color of...
Data from three micronetworks with eddy correlation data and three additional micronetworks without eddy correlation data are analyzed to study the spatial variability of surface air temperature in complex terrain. A simple similarity relationship is constructed to relate the spatial variation of air temperature along the slope to the thermal...
Oceanic waves have been found to contribute enhanced back-scattering in the direction of the illumination source in studies that assumed the ocean surface to be a random sum of waves. Here we investigate enhanced back-scattering by coherent capillary-gravity wave trains that co-exist near the crests of short gravity waves in...
A Monte Carlo model was used to study the scattering error of an absorption meter with a divergent light beam and a limited acceptance angle of the receiver. Reflections at both ends of the tube were taken into account. Calculations of the effect of varying optical properties of water as...
Energy flux is a fundamental quantity for understanding internal wave generation, propagation, and dissipation. In this paper, the estimation of internal wave energy fluxes <u′p′> from ocean observations that may be sparse in either time or depth are considered. Sampling must be sufficient in depth to allow for the estimation...
The Holocene portion of the Siple Dome (Antarctica) ice core was
dated by interpreting the electrical, visual and chemical properties of the
were interpreted manually and with a computer algorithm.The algorithm
was adjusted to be consistent with atmospheric methane stratigraphic
(Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2) ice core, ¹⁰Be stratigraphic ties...
Influenza A incidence peaks during winter in temperate regions. The basis for this pronounced seasonality is not understood, nor is it well documented how influenza A transmission principally occurs. Previous studies indicate that relative humidity (RH) affects both influenza virus transmission (IVT) and influenza virus survival (IVS). Here, we reanalyze...
Climate regime shifts force fish communities through rapid transitions between alternate species assemblages, but little is known about the role that biochemical ecology plays in these transitions. We document a biochemical effect of climate-induced community transitions in boreal oceans: opposite population trajectories of lipid-rich and lipid-poor fish species. We compared...
Fluctuations of the low frequency sound field in the presence of an internal solitary wave packet during the Shallow Water ’06 experiment are analyzed. Acoustic, environmental, and on-board ship radar image data were collected simultaneously before, during, and after a strong internal solitary wave packet passed through the acoustic track....