This article examines the strategies used by directors of the East German film monopoly Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft (DEFA) to voice their disapproval of the Berlin Wall.1 My aim is to show how it was possible, despite universal censorship in East Germany, to create films that addressed the wall as an inhumane...
Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate librarians' attitudes towards instruction in virtual reference transactions and to review relevant literature.
Design/methodology/approach – Librarians who provide virtual reference services are surveyed about attitudes towards providing instruction via virtual reference software. In addition to gathering demographic information respondents...
Near the bottom, the velocity profile in the bottom boundary layer over the continental
shelf exhibits a characteristic law-of-the-wall that is consistent with local estimates of
friction velocity from near-bottom turbulence measurements. Farther from the bottom, the
velocity profile exhibits a deviation from the law-of-the-wall. Here the velocity gradient
continues...
Discusses the development and evolution of the Bibliotherapy Evaluation Tool to help graduate counseling students use literature in therapy ethically and appropriately. A survey of bibliotherapeutic practice in the helping professions is provided. Graduate students showed greater knowledge of and comfort with bibliotherapy after exposure to a teaching module and...
Tidal phenomena in the Indonesian
seas are among the most complex in the
world. Complicated coastal geometries
with narrow straits and myriad small islands,
rugged bottom topography next to
wide shelves of shallow water, and large
quantities of tidal power input from the
adjoining Indian and Pacific Oceans—all
combine to...
This translation consists of excerpts from a book on Jiao Juyin, who was a distinguished director of Chinese spoken drama. The selections translated here highlight Jiao's two principal theories: the Theory of Mental Images and "On Nationalizing Spoken Drama." The first represents his adaptation of the Stanislavsky system; the second...
Coarse woody debris (CWD), represented by logs and snags >10 cm in diameter and >1 m in length, was sampled at eight sites in Russian boreal forests to determine the specific density of decay classes and decomposition rates. Tree species sampled included Abies siberica Ledeb., Betula pendula Roth., Betula costata...
There are several assumptions regarding the behavior and motivations of participants in fishery management that may hinder the effectiveness of the management process. In this research, we examine whether the commercial fishing industry is a homogeneous group whose decision-making is dominated by short-term economic considerations to the detriment of long-term...
Use of Granier-style heat dissipation sensors to measure sap flow is common in plant physiology, ecology and hydrology. There has been concern that any change to the original Granier design invalidates the empirical relationship between sap flux density and the temperature difference between the probes. Here, we compared daily water...
We compare the oceanic circulation patterns over the
Southwestern Atlantic Shelf (SWAS) forced by nine
different wind stress climatologies. The largest differences
are observed in experiments forced with the Hellerman
and Rosenstein [1983, hereafter HR83] and Trenberth
et al. [1990, hereafter TR90] winds. HR83 shows a
general northeastward flow near...
The objective of this study was to compare the shear strength of structural composite lumber (SCL) based on shear block to that of shear strength based on torsion test. Shear blocks in two diflcrent orientations fom laminated veneer lumber, parallel strand lumber, and laminated strand lumber (LSL) were tested and...
An error in the calculation of the baroclinic pressure gradient term in the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) was identified while modeling the M₂ tidal current near its critical latitude in the southern Weddell Sea. The error arises from the present calculation of density, which involves the subtraction of a background...
This article is part of a collection of articles dealing with the endeavors and projects of support staff in Oregon libraries. Describes an ordinary workday at a specialized academic branch library.
Observations of air and ground temperatures collected between 1993 and 2004 from Emigrant Pass Geothermal Climate Observatory in northwestern Utah are analyzed to understand the relationship between these two quantities. The influence of surface air temperature (SAT), incident solar radiation, and snow cover on surface ground temperature (SGT) variations are...
A high prevalence of vertebral deformities has been observed in various fishes, especially cyprinids, from certain regions of the Willamette River for many years. One proposed source of these deformities is exposure to toxicants. Histological evaluation of affected chiselmouth Acrocheilus alutaceus revealed that all lesions associated with vertebrae were associated...
Recent comparative studies across sex-changing animals have found that the relative size and age at sex change are strikingly invariant. In particular, 91%–97% of the variation in size at sex change across species can be explained by the simple rule that individuals change sex when they reach 72% of their...
Distributed temperature data are used as input and
as calibration data for an energy based temperature model
of a first order stream in Luxembourg. A DTS (Distributed
Temperature Sensing) system with a fiber optic cable of
1500m was used to measure stream water temperature with
1m resolution each 2 min....
A new instrument package for measuring physical (temperature, salinity, and depth) as well as optical (absorption and attenuation at nine wavelength) parameters using SCUBA is described. The package is attached to the SCUBA bottle and allows for sampling very close to the sediment–water and water–air interfaces. This package can also...
A fluorescent dye tracer was injected into the
pycnocline on the Oregon shelf at a depth of 9–10 m. It
spread rapidly cross-shelf as two distinct layers, one above
the other in the water column, split by interleaving dye-free
water. The vertical scale of these layers, and associated
density steps,...
Sandbars are ubiquitous, yet not well understood
beach features that change their position and shape in
response to changing wave conditions. We propose and test
a simple empirical model consisting of two coupled linear
differential equations that represents bar dynamics in terms
of wave forcing and two other state variables:...
Oregon State University’s recent response to the crisis in scholarly communications recognizes that teaching faculty must be involved in communicating an appropriate response to their faculty colleagues. As authors, editors, and peer reviewers, direct faculty action can encourage publishers to lower costs and can enhance the availability of research. The...
On 3 April 2001, a 20 kg point source of fluorescein dye was released 30 m above the bottom of the active summit caldera of Vailulu’u submarine volcano, Samoa. Vailulu’u crater is 2000 m wide and at water depths of 600–1000 m, with the bottom 200 m completely enclosed; it...
The Alpine fault is the Pacific-Australian plate boundary in the South Island of New Zealand. This study analyzes 195 earthquakes recorded during the 6 month duration of the Southern Alps Passive Seismic Experiment (SAPSE) in 1995/1996 and two M₁. 5.0 earthquakes and aftershocks in 1997, which occurred close to the...
A new apparatus is presented that is capable of applying a constant fluid pressure at inflow and outflow boundaries. The apparatus can be refilled during operation and does not rely on an overflow mechanism. The device is constructed of two vessels, one that contains the delivered fluid and the other...
Ice core records show atmospheric methane mixing ratio and interpolar gradient varying with climate. Changes in wetland sources have been implicated as the basis for this observed variation in the record, but more recently, modeling studies suggest that changes in the CH₄ sink resulting from changes in sea surface temperature...
Global seasonal cycles of the wind and wind stress fields estimated from the 8-yr record (September 1999–August 2007) of wind measurements by the NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) are presented. While this atlas, referred to here as the Scatterometer Climatology of Ocean Winds (SCOW), consists of 12 variables, the focus here...
A new model of the marine ecosystem coupled into a global Earth System Climate Model suitable for long-term (multimillennial timescale) simulations is presented. The model is based on nitrate as the sole limiting nutrient. Prognostic equations for nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus are solved online in the three-dimensional ocean circulation...
Wireless networking equipment was installed on three research vessels and at three shore stations during the 1998 Thin Layers Experiment in East Sound, Washington. This wireless network provided high-speed data communication between scientists on separate vessels and permitted rapid transfer of data from vessels and from moored instruments to a...
A critical seasonal event for anadromous Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is the time at which adults migrate from the ocean to breed in freshwater. We investigated whether allelic variation at the circadian rhythm genes, OtsClock1a and OtsClock1b, underlies genetic control of migration timing among 42 populations in North America. We...
Measuring the effectiveness of library instruction poses many challenges, yet is essential to validating the time and energy dedicated to it. Over two years, how subject specific library instruction addressed the needs of the students, the instructor and the librarians was studied. Students were surveyed; librarians analyzed their research paper...
An ensemble local hydrologic forecast derived from the seasonal forecasts of the International Research Institute for Climate Prediction (IRI) is presented. Three-month seasonal forecasts were used to resample historical meteorological conditions and generate ensemble forcing datasets for a TOPMODEL-based hydrology model. Eleven retrospective forecasts were run at Florida and New...
The Oregon State University Mars MM5 was used in a comprehensive high-resolution study of northern polar summertime circulations. Three simulations (Ls = 120, Ls = 135, and Ls = 150) characterize the changing circulation. The atmosphere is dry, and model dynamics are hydrostatic. A modified TES thermal inertia map provides...
The distribution and range of the greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus have been reduced by 56% since the European settlement of western North America. Although there is an unprecedented effort to conserve the species, there is still considerable debate about the vegetation composition and structure required for nesting and brood-rearing habitat....
The propagation of incident coastal-trapped waves in the Gulf of California is investigated using a hydrostatic
primitive equation model. The behavior of idealized incident wave disturbances with different amplitudes and
time scales is examined. The incident wave disturbances propagate northward up-gulf along the east side with
no significant change. At...
The effects of wind-forced upwelling and downwelling on the continental shelf off Duck, North Carolina, are studied through experiments with a two-dimensional numerical primitive equation model. Moored and shipboard measurements obtained during August–November 1994 as part of the Coastal Ocean Processes (CoOP) Inner Shelf Study (ISS) are used for model–data...
This is the second part of a modeling study of wind-forced flow on the continental shelf off northern California in the region (37°-40°N) of the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE). Gan and Allen [2002] analyzed the shelf flow response to idealized wind stress forcing in a process-oriented study. The study...
A two-part modeling study of the wind-forced flow on the continental shelf off
northern California in the region (37°–40°N) of the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment
(CODE) is pursued. This paper involves a process-oriented study with idealized wind
stress forcing. Gan and Allen [2002] involves forcing with observed winds and heat...
Intraseasonal precipitation variability over the northeast Pacific warm pool during June–October in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model 2.0.1 with a relaxed Arakawa–Schubert convection parameterization is found to be strongly sensitive to wind-induced variations in surface latent heat flux. A control simulation with interactive surface fluxes produces...
The Garrett–Munk (GM) spectrum continues to be a useful description of the oceanic internal wave field. However, there are several inconsistencies and ambiguities that make it difficult to use in comparing internal wave fields at different latitudes, stratifications, and water depths. A modified spectral formulation is presented that treats three...
The Oregon Coastal Transition Zone (OCTZ) extends several hundred
kilometers offshore where shelf flows interact with the northern California Current. A
primitive-equation numerical ocean model is used to study the upwelling circulation in this
region from 1 May to 1 November 2001. This OCTZ model obtains initial and boundary
conditions...
A reexamination of turbulence dissipation measurements from the equatorial Pacific shows that the turbulence diffusivities are not a simple function of the gradient Richardson number. A widely used mixing scheme, the K-profile parameterization, overpredicts the turbulent vertical heat flux by roughly a factor of 4 in the stably stratified region...
We present a new method developed for measuring radiocarbon of methane (¹⁴CH₄) in ancient air samples
extracted from glacial ice and dating 11,000–15,000 calendar years before present. The small size (~20 μg CH₄ carbon), low
CH₄ concentrations ([CH₄], 400–800 parts per billion [ppb]), high carbon monoxide concentrations ([CO]), and low...
Laboratory culture experiments were performed to establish the range of growth conditions where ¹³C labeling of di- and tri-unsaturated C₃₇ methyl ketones yields reliable growth rates for alkenone-producing algae. Results document that even at low growth rates and short time intervals, ¹³C labeling of the di-unsaturated C₃₇ alkenone provides reasonable...
A two-dimensional, frictionless, nonlinear model of coastal upwelling is reexamined. The model has been solved previously at steady state and as an initial-value problem. The previous solution to the initial-value problem is inconsistent with the steady-state solution. A new solution to the spinup problem is presented that approaches the existing...
We describe a new tide model for the seas surrounding Antarctica, including the ocean cavities under the floating ice shelves. The model uses data assimilation to improve its fit to available data. Typical peak-to-peak tide ranges on ice shelves are 1-2 m but can exceed 3 m for the Filchner-Ronne...
An unstable, nonlinear baroclinic wave-mean oscillation is found in a strongly supercritical quasigeostrophic f-plane numerical channel model with 3840 Fourier components. The growth of linear disturbances to this time-periodic oscillation is analyzed by computing time-dependent normal modes (Floquet vectors). Two different Newton–Picard methods are used to compute the unstable solution,...
We developed a multiple linear regression model to
robustly determine aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) from
observations of temperature and oxygen (R² = 0.987, RMS
error 0.053), using data collected in the Pacific Northwest
region in late May 2007. The seasonal evolution of Ωarag near
central Oregon was evaluated by applying...
High-resolution turbulence simulations are used to examine the importance of melt
pond geometry in setting pond growth rates and albedo. Modeling the circulation of
water in melt ponds using large-eddy simulation shows that both convective and windforced
conditions generate well-mixed ponds, suggesting that stratification is not a
significant factor in...
This article analyzes the barotropic circulation in the Southwestern Atlantic Shelf using
a three-dimensional numerical model forced with winds and tides. South of 40°S, the shelf
circulation is dominated by the propagation of the semidiurnal tides. In this region the
diurnal tides are generally weak, except at the shelf edge...
This article discusses the results of a suite of numerical simulations of the oceanic
circulation in the Southwestern Atlantic Shelf region that are aimed to characterize its
mean circulation and seasonal variability and to determine the dynamical mechanisms
controlling them. Our experiments indicate that south of 40°S the mean circulation...
Finite element analysis was used to study the effective transverse modulus of solid wood for all possible end-grain patterns. The calculations accounted for cylindrical anisotropy of wood within rectangular specimens and explicitly modeled wood as a composite of earlywood and latewood. The effective modulus was significantly reduced by growth ring...
We present a modeling study of the upwelling ocean circulation off central Chile (34°–40°S). Using a primitive equation model, we make a numerical simulation of the ocean circulation for summer of 1993, a year characterized by moderate but persistent equatorward winds. The results indicate the formation of an eastern boundary...
We report the intercalibration of paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) and expanded postglacial sediment cores from geographically proximal, but sedimentologically contrasting settings. The objective is to improve relative what can be achieved with either method alone. Core MD99-2269 was taken from north Iceland shelf. Core MD99-2322 was collected from the Kangerlussuaq...
In the late 1850s, few young Jews, recently arrived in the United States from Poland, chose to live in Florida. Fortunately, one who did, Max White, wrote down his memoirs of those years, leaving us a remarkable, very personal account of life on the Florida frontier as well as a...
There is not yet widespread agreement as to the underlying cause of the 80– 100 ppmv roughly 100-kyr-duration glacial-interglacial cycles in atmospheric pCO2. Most of the mechanisms which have been proposed to account for the observed pCO2 variations appear to in some way violate interpretations of paleo proxy data. The...
We describe a Profiling Optical and Water Return (POWR) system that has been developed and used extensively at sea. The POWR system is a collection of oceanographic instruments used to measure the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of the upper 100m of the ocean while simultaneously collecting up to eight water...
We have measured the CO₂ concentration of air occluded during the last 40,000 years in the deep Siple Dome A (hereafter Siple Dome) ice core, Antarctica. The general trend of CO₂ concentration from Siple Dome ice follows the temperature inferred from the isotopic composition of the ice and is mostly...
The tropical Pacific Ocean is a climatically important region, home to El Niño and the Southern Oscillation. The simulation of its climate remains a challenge for global coupled ocean–atmosphere models, which suffer large biases especially in reproducing the observed meridional asymmetry across the equator in sea surface temperature (SST) and...
The fauna of parasitic isopods of the family Bopyridae in Singapore is only poorly known, consisting of only seven species in as many genera in five subfamilies. A new small collection adds four species in as many genera, two of them belonging to a subfamily not previously recorded from Singapore....
The prediction of the time to ponding following commencement of rainfall is fundamental to hydrologic prediction of flood, erosion, and infiltration. Most of the studies to date have focused on prediction of ponding resulting from simple rainfall patterns. This approach was suitable to rainfall reported as average values over intervals...
A reduced-gravity model is presented of the warm-water branch of the middepth meridional overturning circulation in a rectangular basin with a circumpolar connection. The model describes the balance between production of warm water by Ekman advection across the circumpolar current, dissipation of warm water by eddy fluxes southward across the...
In determining aerosol-cloud interactions, the properties of aerosols must be characterized in the vicinity of clouds. Numerous studies based on satellite observations have reported that aerosol optical depths increase with increasing cloud cover. Part of the increase comes from the humidification and consequent growth of aerosol particles in the moist...
Increasing international trade and tourism have led to an increase in the introduction of exotic pests that pose a considerable economic threat to the agro-ecosystems of importing countries. Scale insects (Sternorryncha: Coccoidea) may be contaminants of export consignments from the South African deciduous fruit industry to the European Union, Israel,...
This is the synthesis of a series of studies to evaluate perceptions of U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS) law enforcement and investigations (LEI). Five groups were evaluated: four groups of employees from different positions within LEI, and a group of customers of LEI, the line officers of the...
Molds are an increasingly important issue for all building materials, including
wood. While washing with bleach is a commonly recommended method for removing
molds, and the associated discolorations, there is surprisingly little information on the
effectiveness of this treatment. The ability of mold removal treatments to brighten
wood and eliminate...
New ice core analyses show that the prominent rise in atmospheric methane concentration at Dansgaard-Oeschger event 21 was interrupted by a century-long 20% decline, which was previously unrecognized. The reversal was found in a new ∼100-year resolution study of methane in the GISP2 ice core, encompassing the beginning of D-O...
New thermal data from 18–24 Ma lithosphere on the
Cocos Plate delineate contrasting subsurface thermal
conditions in adjacent sections of crust. Heat flow through
seafloor created at the East Pacific Rise is generally
suppressed by ~70% relative to conductive lithospheric
cooling models, whereas heat flow through adjacent,
similarly-aged lithosphere generated...
Abrupt transitions to strongly superrotating states have been found in some idealized models of the troposphere. These transitions are thought to be caused by feedbacks between the eddy momentum flux convergence in low latitudes and the strength of the equatorial flow. The behavior of an axisymmetric shallow-water model with an...
Influenza A incidence peaks during winter in temperate regions. The basis for this pronounced seasonality is not understood, nor is it well documented how influenza A transmission principally occurs. Previous studies indicate that relative humidity (RH) affects both influenza virus transmission (IVT) and influenza virus survival (IVS). Here, we reanalyze...
Measurements of helium isotopes in particles separated from polar ice demonstrate that extraterrestrial ³He dominates the ³He flux at the GISP2 (Greenland) and Vostok (Antarctica) ice core sites. Replicate measurements of late Holocene ice samples yield ³He fluxes of 0.62±0.27×10⁻¹² cm³ STP cm⁻² ka⁻¹ (GISP2) and 0.77 ± 0.25 ×...
Mosquitoes and mosquitoborne disease transmission
are sensitive to hydrologic variability. If local hydrologic
conditions can be monitored or modeled at the scales at
which these conditions affect the population dynamics of
vector mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit, a means
for monitoring or modeling mosquito populations and mosquitoborne
disease transmission...
The target strengths and swimbladder morphology of six snapper species were investigated using broadband sonar, x rays, and swimbladder casts. Backscatter data were obtained using a frequency-modulated sweep ~60–200 kHz! and a broadband, dolphinlike click ~peak frequency 120 kHz! from live fish, mounted and rotated around each of their three...
The characteristics of acoustic echoes from six species of deep-dwelling (up to 400 m) Hawaiian Lujanid snappers were determined by backscatter measurements at the surface. A broadband linear frequency-modulated signal and a short dolphinlike sonar signal were used as the incident signals. The fish were anesthetized and attached to a...
An experiment was conducted to investigate the sound pressure patterns on the melon of odontocetes by using four broadband hydrophones embedded in suction cups to measure echolocation signals on the surface of the forehead of two harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). It has long been hypothesized that the special lipids found...
The biosonar system of dolphins and porpoises has been studied for about 5 decades and much has
been learned [Au,W.W. L. )1993). The Sonar of Dolphins (Springer, New York)]. Most experiments
have involved human-made targets; little is known about odontocetes’ echolocation of prey. To
address this issue, acoustic backscatter from...
Many industrially important reactions use immobilized enzymes in non-aqueous, organic
systems, particularly for the production of chiral compounds such as pharmaceutical precursors.
The addition of a spacer molecule (“tether”) between a supporting surface and enzyme often
substantially improves the activity and stability of enzymes in aqueous solution. Most “long”
linkers...
We derive an approach to determine the causal direction of wavevectors of modes in optical metamaterials, which, in turn, determines signs of refractive index and impedance as a function of real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability. We use the developed technique to demonstrate that the interplay...
We evaluated whether bacteria with higher cell-specific nucleic acid content (HNA) or an active electron transport system, i.e., positive for reduction of 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC), were responsible for the bulk of bacterioplankton metabolic activity. We also examined whether the phylogenetic diversity of HNA and CTC-positive cells differed from the...
Mg/Ca ratios in planktonic foraminifera reflect calcification temperatures and are thus useful for sea
surface temperature (SST) reconstructions. Despite the obvious utility of this paleoceanographic tracer,
problems of dissolution, gametogenic calcification, and contaminant phases have thus far limited
confidence in Mg/Ca-based reconstructions. Here we show strong evidence of Mg heterogeneity...
Using a qualitative approach, the authors tested a crime
typology developed for tourism destinations in a U.S. National
Forest recreation setting. Specific objectives were to
classify the attributes of crime and violence, examine the effects
of crime and violence on visitor demand, and suggest
methods of prevention and recovery. A...
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 4-km data collected over the northeastern Atlantic off the coast of the Iberian Peninsula for May to August 1995 were used to investigate the feasibility of empirically deriving estimates of the aerosol indirect radiative forcing. A retrieval scheme was used to derive cloud visible...
Visible and near infrared reflectances from NOAA-14 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) daytime passes are used to derive optical depths at 0.55 μm, an index of aerosol type, continental or marine, and the direct effect of the aerosol on the top of the atmosphere and surface solar radiative fluxes...
A scheme is presented for retrieving aerosol properties for ocean regions from reflected sunlight at both the visible and near infrared wavelengths measured by the NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR). For the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), aerosols were presumed to be a mixture of a continental haze that...
Atmospheric particulate matter, collected over the polluted east Asia/Pacific region in spring 2001 during research flights with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) C-130 aircraft, was analyzed for different types of organic compounds using capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. More than 70 organic species were detected in the aerosols and...
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cones are used extensively in beer brewing to enhance flavor and impart bittering. Verifying hops cultivar identity has traditionally been accomplished by morphological characteristics or a chemical analysis of lupulin glands but these traits may vary according to environmental influences. The objective of this research was...
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is cultivated for the female flowers, or “cones,” which traditionally have been used as a bittering and flavoring agent in beer. Hop breeding historically relied on relatively simple selection techniques within established breeding lines. Supplementing current breeding material with new genetic sources would enhance a hop...
Background: The critical importance of improving the well-being of people with disabilities is highlighted in many national health plans. Self-reported health status is reduced both with age and among people with disabilities. Because both factors are related to health status and the influence of the age at disability onset on...
Analysis of the Bakota basalts exposed in the Zambezi Gorge some 40 km east of Victoria Falls characterizes them as high Fe, moderately high Ti, and low K, P, and Zr tholeiites. The ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar age determinations are tightly clustered at 180-179 Ma. All of the lavas that were samples have...
We used mark-recapture methods to estimate age-specific apparent survival rates for male Lesser Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), a gamebird of conservation concern. A total of 311 male prairie-chickens (135 yearlings, 176 adults) were captured and banded during a 5-year study in southwest Kansas. Time-since-marking models were used to estimate apparent survival...
Two sources of systematic errors are considered for estimating air temperature. The first source is ambiguity of the definition of the standardized measurement height over vegetated surfaces of varying heights. Without such a standardization, evaluation of the horizontal air temperature gradient is contaminated by the vertical variation of air temperature....
The atmospheric response to the oceanic forcing in the eastern Pacific along the northern equatorial sea surface temperature (SST) front is investigated in terms of sensible and latent heat flux during the 6-month period from 28 July 1999 to 27 January 2000 and the 7-month period from 28 June 2000...
Air-sea interaction at ocean fronts and eddies exhibits positive correlation between sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed, and heat fluxes out of the ocean, indicating that the ocean is forcing the atmosphere. This contrasts with larger scale climate modes where the negative correlations suggest that the atmosphere is driving the...
The first reliable aircraft measurements of characteristic cloud drop charges were obtained by utilizing a counterflow virtual impactor to substantially increase charge sensitivity and eliminate spurious contact charging that contaminated previous aircraft measurements. We find average drop charges more than an order of magnitude larger than expected from mountain surface...
Magnetotelluric exploration has been used to image along strike variations in the electrical resistivity structure of the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield, California. A low resistivity wedge extending to a depth of several kilometers is continuous over a horizontal distance of 8 km. The base of the wedge is coincident...
Using eddy correlation data collected by the LongEZ research aircraft, the adjustment of atmospheric flow downstream from a coastline is examined. Along-shore variation of the turbulence over the water is generated by the varying width of the upstream land strip between the sea and inland water. Over the coastal zone,...