In taking a multidimensional approach to selected areas of the much neglected sport marriage, this article identifies and examines the survival strategies used by wives in coping with stressful occupational events in the careers of their husbands. Using a control management perspective, the idea of control work is introduced and...
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers are reported for 68 nuclear-encoded microsatellites developed during the past several years from genomic libraries of red drum (Sciaenops ocelwtus). All68 microsatellites were tested for reproducibility and polymorphism on a sample of five to 12 red drum; 60 of the microsatellites were found to be...
A critical seasonal event for anadromous Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is the time at which adults migrate from the ocean to breed in freshwater. We investigated whether allelic variation at the circadian rhythm genes, OtsClock1a and OtsClock1b, underlies genetic control of migration timing among 42 populations in North America. We...
There is not yet widespread agreement as to the underlying cause of the 80– 100 ppmv roughly 100-kyr-duration glacial-interglacial cycles in atmospheric pCO2. Most of the mechanisms which have been proposed to account for the observed pCO2 variations appear to in some way violate interpretations of paleo proxy data. The...
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of wood-frame shear walls under monotonic and cyclic loads by: 1) determining variability of shear wall performance; 2) comparing performance of walls under each loading protocol; 3) evaluating effects of anchorage on wall perfor-mance; and 4) evaluating performance of walls...
Explaining restoration failure can be as important as touting success. We used a series of studies to understand the failure of techniques commonly used to restore wetland prairies in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. Burning, fallowing, and solarization (covering tilled plots with plastic sheeting to heat the soil) had...
This study investigates wind-driven circulation in the vicinity of the Heceta Bank complex along the Oregon shelf. Numerical experiments forced with steady winds (0.1 Pa) are conducted; upwelling and downwelling cases are compared. The asymmetric bank bathymetry is the only configurational difference from the symmetric bank runs analyzed in Part...
This study examines how coastal banks influence wind-driven circulation along stratified continental shelves. Numerical experiments are conducted for idealized symmetric banks; the standard bank (200 km long and 50 km wide) has dimensions similar to the Heceta Bank complex along the Oregon shelf. Model runs are forced with 10 days...
We present the evolution of oceanographic conditions off the western coast of South America between 1996 and 1999, including the cold periods of 1996 and 1998–1999 and the 1997–1998 El Niño, using satellite observations of sea level, winds, sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll concentration. Following a period of cold...
We investigate the utility of adding a 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) light source to the ExoMars panoramic camera (PanCam) scheduled for launch in 2013. The modification makes it feasible to monitor rover drill cuttings for aromatic organic molecules and provide constraints on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as a function of...
Time‐dependent, three‐dimensional, upwelling circulation on the continental shelf off the Oregon coast is studied using a primitive equation numerical model. A limited area domain with a high‐resolution curvilinear grid is utilized. The response of the coastal ocean to forcing by observed wind stress and heat flux during the summer 2001...
A three‐dimensional primitive‐equation model for application to the nearshore surf zone has been developed. This model, an extension of the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), predicts the wave‐averaged circulation forced by breaking waves. All of the features of the original POM are retained in the extended model so that applications can...
A data assimilation system (DAS) of the wind‐driven, mesoscale shelf circulation off the Oregon coast is developed. The DAS assimilates low‐pass filtered surface velocity measurements, obtained from land‐based high‐frequency coastal radar arrays, into a primitive equation coastal ocean model using a sequential optimal interpolation scheme. Inhomogeneous and anisotropic estimates of...
This is the second part of a modeling study of wind-forced flow on the continental shelf off northern California in the region (37°-40°N) of the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE). Gan and Allen [2002] analyzed the shelf flow response to idealized wind stress forcing in a process-oriented study. The study...
The submarine Amsterdam-St. Paul (ASP) Plateau, bisected by the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR), is a bathymetric high rising ~2 km above the surrounding seafloor that includes the islands of Amsterdam and St. Paul; this excess volcanism is attributed to a mantle hot spot. We obtained new Sr, Nd, and Pb...
Several aspects of feedback mechanisms associated with surf zone sandbar response have been characterized using bathymetric surveys, sampled approximately monthly over a 16-year period at the Army Corps of Engineers' Field Research Facility (North Carolina). The measured bathymetry was alongshore averaged and modeled by the superposition of two Gaussian-shaped sandbars...
A hydrodynamic model incorporating a self‐consistent treatment of ocean self‐attraction and loading (SAL), and a physically based parameterization of internal tide (IT) drag, is used to assess how accurately barotropic tides can be modeled without benefit of data, and to explore tidal energetics in the last glacial maximum (LGM). M2...
Measurements of tidal currents on the central Oregon shelf are available from several sources, including recent high frequency (HF) coastal radar and Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP) deployments, and historical current moorings. In this paper we use a generalized inverse (GI) approach to compare these data to, and then assimilate them...
In conjunction with the USArray component of
EarthScope, long period magnetotelluric (MT) data are
being acquired in a series of arrays across the continental US.
Initial deployments in 2006 and 2007 acquired data (10–
10,000 s) at 110 sites covering the US Pacific Northwest,
distributed with the same nominal spacing...
Tidal energy dissipation is estimated for eight semi‐diurnal and diurnal constituents using a global inverse solution constrained by TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data. Very similar spatial patterns are obtained for all semi‐diurnal constituents, with about one third of the total dissipation occurring in the deep ocean over rough topography. Maps for diurnal...
Seismic reflection profiles shot across the Cascadia forearc show that a 5–15 km thick band of reflections, previously interpreted as a lower crustal shear zone above the subducting Juan de Fuca plate, extends into the upper mantle of the North American plate, reaching depths of at least 50 km. In...
Wide-angle and vertical incidence seismic data from Seismic Hazards Investigations in Puget Sound (SHIPS), gravity modeling, and seismicity are used to derive two-dimensional crustal models beneath the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The Eocene volcanic Crescent-Siletz terrane is significantly thicker than previously recognized and extends from near the surface to...
High‐resolution three‐dimensional (3‐D) seismic reflection data acquired on the R/V Thomas G. Thompson in 2000 reveal a pair of bottom simulating reflections (BSRs) across a broad region of southern Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon. The primary BSR (BSRp) is a regionally extensive reflection that lies 120–150 m below seafloor and exhibits...
We present a modeling study of the upwelling ocean circulation off central Chile (34°–40°S). Using a primitive equation model, we make a numerical simulation of the ocean circulation for summer of 1993, a year characterized by moderate but persistent equatorward winds. The results indicate the formation of an eastern boundary...
The formation mechanisms and pathways of intermediate water in the Southern Ocean are analyzed from output of a high-resolution ocean general circulation model. Deep winter mixed layer formation in the Southern Ocean is diagnosed from the model results and is found to be mostly consistent with observations. Diapycnal water mass...
The Agulhas Current is the western boundary current of the South Indian Ocean and is thought to play an important role in the global overturning circulation. In this study, we investigate the contribution from the wind stress field over each ocean basin of the southern hemisphere to the variability of...
The mass accumulation rates of sedimentary components (carbonate, organic carbon, opal, barite, reactive phosphate, iron, terrigenous minerals, etc.) are used in many paleoceanographic reconstructions to learn about temporal and spatial changes in surficial Earth processes including wind stress and direction, oceanic circulation, weathering rates, marine productivity and ecosystem structure, climate...
During the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), cloud droplets were collected and evaporated using a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI). The nonvolatile residual particles were then analyzed by various instruments. Physical and chemical properties of the below-cloud aerosol to evaluate which aerosol particles act as cloud nuclei in different environments, and their...
A case study of new particle formation in the region downwind of a mesoscale convective system stretching across much of the central United States is presented. Airborne measurements were made of condensation nuclei (CN), cloud particle surface area, water vapor, and other gases. CN concentrations were greatly enhanced above and...
We constructed biogenic mass accumulation rate (MAR) time series for eastern Pacific core transects across the equator at ~105˚and ~85˚W and along the equator from 80˚to 140˚W. We used empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to extract spatially coherent patterns of CaCO₃deposition for the last 150 kyr. EOF mode 1 (51%...
We report new ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages for the oldest Pacific oceanic floor at Ocean Drilling Program Site 801C in the Pigafetta basin and Site 1149D close to the Izu-Bonin subduction zone in the Nadezhda basin. These ages were determined by applying high-resolution incremental heating experiments (including 15–30 heating steps) to better...
Sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) reflect global climate effects such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon. However, reconstructions of past changes in the WPWP from the geologic record vary depending on the specific proxy record used. Here we develop a multiproxy record...
One important role of anthropogenic aerosol particles is their influence on climate by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. However, these particles are diverse in composition and mixing state, and our knowledge of which particle types act as cloud condensation nuclei is incomplete. Here we present direct measurements of individual organic...
In situ measurements of water vapor and temperature from recent aircraft campaigns have provided evidence that the upper troposphere is frequently supersaturated with respect to ice. The peak relative humidities with respect to ice (RHI) occasionally approached water saturation at temperatures ranging from -40°C to -70°C in each of the...
Many disciplines of geochemistry have no data reporting standards, and their use of metadata is inadequately developed. This presents problems to the quality of the published science, and it limits the utility of computers in data analysis and the exploitation of Information Technology (IT). We discuss problems of data and...
On 3 April 2001, a 20 kg point source of fluorescein dye was released 30 m above the bottom of the active summit caldera of Vailulu’u submarine volcano, Samoa. Vailulu’u crater is 2000 m wide and at water depths of 600–1000 m, with the bottom 200 m completely enclosed; it...
Microphysical and chemical aerosol measurements collected during DYCOMS‐II research flights in marine stratocumulus clouds near San Diego in 2001 were used to evaluate the partitioning of 18 organic and elemental components between droplet residuals and unactivated particles. Bulk submicron particle (between 0.2 and 1.3 μm dry diameter) and droplet residual...
The first reliable aircraft measurements of characteristic cloud drop charges were obtained by utilizing a counterflow virtual impactor to substantially increase charge sensitivity and eliminate spurious contact charging that contaminated previous aircraft measurements. We find average drop charges more than an order of magnitude larger than expected from mountain surface...
Hydrographic observations made with an undulating vehicle carrying a CTD and concurrent shipboard ADCP velocity observations over a 12‐day period are combined to investigate vertical mixing and cross‐frontal fluxes on the Northern Flank of Georges Bank. The CTD density time series is analyzed to detect the presence of vertical overturns,...
Equatorward velocities in the upwelling jet of the northern California Current were 0.05–0.06 m s¯¹ faster in spring and summer 2002 than on average over 1998–2002. This result is based on a five-year data set of surface drifters released across the continental margin off central Oregon (44.65°N) during April and...
Continuous records of upper water column (0–150 m) temperature profiles, spectral distribution of downwelling irradiance, and phytoplankton solar-induced fluorescence at 25 m depth were obtained during the inaugural deployment of the Hawaii Air-sea Logging Experiment, A Long-term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment (HALE ALOHA) mooring, near the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) Station...
The Oregon State University Mars MM5 was used in a comprehensive high-resolution study of northern polar summertime circulations. Three simulations (Ls = 120, Ls = 135, and Ls = 150) characterize the changing circulation. The atmosphere is dry, and model dynamics are hydrostatic. A modified TES thermal inertia map provides...
Three-component (NPZ), four-component (NPZD), and five-component (NNPZD) nitrogen-based ecosystem models are compared. The fixed points of the zerodimensional systems, with no spatial variation except light attenuation by water, are determined. A linear-stability analysis shows that unstable steady solutions exist for all three models. Time-periodic solutions are found in these regions....
We tested the role of benthic infaunal functional diversity in regulating the biogeochemistry of nearshore sediments using laboratory microcosms. Single and multispecies assemblages of deposit-feeding polychaetes (Clymenella torquata, Spio setosa, and Leitoscoloplos fragilis) were used, and fluxes of oxygen and phosphate, as well as profiles of oxygen and pH in...
A pair of high-resolution oceanographic surveys in March and April 1995 revealed a large and rapid transition from late winter to spring conditions in the coastal zone off central and southern California. These data are unique in capturing the detailed three-dimensional physical structure of and biological response to the spring...
Most climate models predict a weakening of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation for the 21st century when forced by increasing levels of greenhouse gas concentrations. The model spread, however, is rather large, even when the forcing scenario is identical, indicating a large uncertainty in the response to forcing. In order...
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 4-km data were collected over the northeast Atlantic for May–August 1995–1999. Aerosol optical depth at 0.55 μm was retrieved in pixels identified as being cloud-free ocean. In pixels identified as containing clouds from single-layered, low-level cloud systems over oceans, the following cloud properties were...
A scheme is presented for retrieving aerosol properties for ocean regions from reflected sunlight at both the visible and near infrared wavelengths measured by the NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR). For the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), aerosols were presumed to be a mixture of a continental haze that...
In determining aerosol-cloud interactions, the properties of aerosols must be characterized in the vicinity of clouds. Numerous studies based on satellite observations have reported that aerosol optical depths increase with increasing cloud cover. Part of the increase comes from the humidification and consequent growth of aerosol particles in the moist...
Three cross‐shelf transects were conducted off northern Oregon in February, 2003, coincident with flooding of Coast Range rivers, to assess the riverine impact on coastal ocean biogeochemistry. During downwelling conditions, low salinity river‐influenced water was located in a narrow band near the coast and contained elevated macronutrient, iron, and organic...