This paper presents a critical analysis of the provisions of the WTO agreements and jurisprudence as they relate to the use of trade-related measures in support of cooperative fisheries management arrangements. The interpretation given to WTO agreements by successive Panels and Appellate Bodies has provided guidance regarding how such measures...
We developed a multiple linear regression model to
robustly determine aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) from
observations of temperature and oxygen (R² = 0.987, RMS
error 0.053), using data collected in the Pacific Northwest
region in late May 2007. The seasonal evolution of Ωarag near
central Oregon was evaluated by applying...
Linear disturbance growth is studied in a quasigeostrophic baroclinic channel model with several thousand degrees of freedom. Disturbances to an unstable, nonlinear wave-mean oscillation are analyzed, allowing the comparison of singular vectors and time-dependent normal modes (Floquet vectors). Singular vectors characterize the transient growth of linear disturbances in a specified...
The stability of a time-periodic baroclinic wave-mean oscillation in a high-dimensional two-layer quasigeostrophic spectral model is examined by computing a full set of time-dependent normal modes (Floquet vectors) for the oscillation. The model has 72 × 62 horizontal resolution and there are 8928 Floquet vectors in the complete set. The...
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM), in collaboration with the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), are presently attempting to model supply and demand for highly aggregated fish categories within the context of IFPRI's IMPACT global...
We evaluated effects of chemical fertilizer, spacing, and interplanted nitrogen-fixing trees on wood density and diameter growth of 15-year-old Eucalyptus saligna trees. The trees were grown in silvicultural trials established on former sugarcane land on the island of Hawaii. Elevation was 480 m, slopes were gentle, and annual rainfall averaged...
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the World Fish Center (ICLARM), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), are collaborating to incorporate fish into IMPACT, a global model of food supply and demand that estimates market-clearing prices for 28 commodities in 36 regions. Results of the projections to 2020...
The target strengths and swimbladder morphology of six snapper species were investigated using broadband sonar, x rays, and swimbladder casts. Backscatter data were obtained using a frequency-modulated sweep ~60–200 kHz! and a broadband, dolphinlike click ~peak frequency 120 kHz! from live fish, mounted and rotated around each of their three...
In plants, microRNAs (miRNAs) comprise one of two classes of small RNAs that function primarily as negative regulators at the posttranscriptional level. Several MIRNA genes in the plant kingdom are ancient, with conservation extending between angiosperms and the mosses, whereas many others are more recently evolved. Here, we use deep...
The Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium (http://www.geneontology.org) (GOC) continues to develop,
maintain and use a set of structured, controlled
vocabularies for the annotation of genes, gene
products and sequences. The GO ontologies
are expanding both in content and in structure.
Several new relationship types have been introduced
and used, along with...