Digital Human Modeling (DHM) is a computational design tool that allows designers to use virtual prototypes of design for exploring ergonomics requirements. DHM brings in the advantage of reducing the time and finances committed to building the physical prototypes as well as minimizing the efforts put on performing human subject...
The behavior of the thin liquid film formed between a bubble and hydrophobic membrane is of high interest in applications where separating two-phase mixtures is beneficial. One such application is in-situ vapor extraction heat sinks. In these systems, high heat transfer rates are accomplished by taking advantage of the high...
Microchannel high temperature recuperators have the advantage of higher heat transfer coefficients and lower size and weight than traditional high temperature recuperators. However, the industrial application of microchannel recuperators are restricted by the high cost of photochemical machining and diffusion bonding. The objective of this paper is to introduce a...
In order to solve some classic problems in traditional topology optimization, such as unknown material distribution, checker-boarding and curse of dimensionality, this thesis introduces a new method to construct a mechanical structure that can reduce mass and increase stiffness. It uses a graph to represent the skeleton of a structure....
The aviation industry is pushing for better fuels and gas turbine engines for several reasons: cost, emissions, and to a lesser extent high-altitude relights. One aspect that research has been focused on to help reduce costs, emissions and better understand high-altitude relights is studying the combustion behavior of the fuel...
Breakthroughs in heat sink design are now limited by conventional manufacturing techniques which can only produce basic fin shapes with homogenous surface structuring. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a potential disruptive technology for heat sink design and other convective heat transfer solutions, as surface properties can be directionally varied to maximize...
In a seminal paper published in 1982, scientist have warned that humanity was pushing earth’s ecosystems beyond their capacities to support the web of life. One response to the concern was outlined by NASA with its vision for advanced fixed wing transport aircraft to be environmentally compatible and have revolutionary...
The fuzzy front end of engineering design can present a difficult challenge, and as such, recent engineering design research has focused on guiding and influencing the way a designer ideates. Early ideation can be especially difficult when attempting to integrate specific design objectives in product design, called Design for X...
As CAD tools become more sophisticated, engineers are able to more easily create complex part geometries with minimal mass given strength and stiffness requirements. However, these complex part geometries can be difficult to subtractively manufacture, which consequently increases manufacturing cost and production time. This thesis presents a method independent of...
With the widespread replacement of aluminum with composite materials, particularly in aircraft structures, the lack of comprehensive understanding of these materials is unsettling. The complex nature of these materials, with respect to isotropic aluminum, makes the prediction of their mechanical response equally complex. The failure of carbon fiber reinforced plastic...
Clean cooking technologies and fuels have been cited as a viable way to slow climate change and reduce the health and environmental impacts associated with traditional cooking devices used by 40% of the world. While engineers in the Design for Development sector have created hundreds of stove designs that perform...
Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) process that uses a laser beam to melt metal powder as it is spread onto the build surface using a roller or scraper, followed by rapid solidification to manufacture a 3D component, one layer at a time.
In SLM process, density...
This work develops the Global Formula Racing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model in StarCCM+ to allow for vehicle attitude studies to be ran to evaluate Formula Student (FS) vehicle aerodynamic loads. Attitudes that this model allows to be studied include roll, pitch, yaw, heave, tire angle, and vehicle speed. The...
As carbon emissions are negatively impacting ecosystems across the globe, researchers are in a race against time to provide cleaner and more eÿcient power. Detonation engines can help meet the increasing demands for cleaner and more eÿcient power generation by providing an alternative means to use oxy-fuel combustion for carbon...
Gasoline direct injection engines, with downsized boosted technology, present a promising option for enhancing power density and reducing fuel consumption for next-generation engine designs to meet stringent fuel economy and emission standards. However, these developments in the low-speed and high-load operating regime are challenged by the occurrence of a new...
Spot fires caused by lofted embers (i.e., firebrands) can be a significant factor in the spread of wildland fires. Embers can be especially dangerous near the wildland-urban interface (WUI) because of the potential for the fire to be spread near or on structures. Many studies have investigated the transport of...
Force data for a flapping foil energy harvester with active leading edge motion operating in the low reduced frequency range is collected to determine how leading edge motion affects energy harvesting performance. The foil pivots about the midchord and operates in the low reduced frequency range of 0.06, 0.08, and...
Improving the coexistence of eagles and wind energy is a critical effort for the sustainable expansion of the wind energy sector. Information about eagle activity and interactions with wind turbines enables verification of deterrence methods. This information can be broken into two categories: eagle activity in the airspace around wind...
Airborne Wind Energy System (AWES) are quickly coming to fruition, with increased energy production while reducing the cost of implementation and materials. This thesis develops a new computational model for a tethered AWES and characterizes a new rapid prototyping method with the objective of supporting the design and rapid prototyping...
This research seeks to identify how changes in temperature and oxygen concentration in the reaction zone affects liftoff heights for moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion of a jet fuel and a surrogate fuel. MILD combustion offers a method of burning fuels with reduced CO and NOx production by...
Prediction and mitigation of chatter vibrations in machining operations and optimizing overall machining mechanics are crucial for achieving greater productivity and manufacturing efficiency. This thesis first explores effect of directional relationships on chatter stability in milling process. Based on the directional relationships, a geometry-based chatter stability index (CSI) is proposed...
Due to global warming wildland fires are increasing in frequency and severity. In the case of wildland fires, the major modes of combustion occur include smoldering combustion and flaming combustion. Smoldering combustion occurs most commonly in porous fuels like peat, forest duff, and woody fuels, which are available in abundance...
As manufacturing advancements continue to develop, designers must be able to consider these technologies during the design process. Unfortunately, many of these new technologies, such as additive and advanced joining, have many nuances that require expert knowledge to effectively apply. Additionally, new design techniques, such as topology optimization, allow users...
As a way to improve safety and economics, one area of research and commercialization of new nuclear power plants has focused on the development of small modular reactors (SMRs). NuScale Power has developed a 50 MWe natural convection cooling SMR coupled with a regenerative Rankine cycle. Current estimates place the...
Chain saws are a common tool used by large logging corporations and family homesteads to manage forests, limb trees and buck lumber. A significant cost of operation is the continuous required supply of bar and chain oil. Consumers and logging corporations desire a lubricant with a high performance to cost...
Simulations of combustion and reacting flows often encounter stiffness in the equations governing chemical kinetics. Explicit solvers for these ordinary differential equations offer low computational expense, but typically cannot efficiently handle stiff systems. In contrast, implicit methods demand greater expense but offer unconditional stability—as a result, most reactive-flow solvers rely...
Education as a right has taken off internationally with expanded national policies in recent years. Across Africa over 80% of countries have abolished tuition fees for primary education and several have made the leap to free secondary education as well. With decreased financial barriers keeping kids out of the classroom,...
The Formula Student Team Global Formula Racing from Oregon State University implemented an air suspension system in their 2017 combustion powered vehicle, mainly to save weight. This thesis covers the performance evaluation of such system by comparison to conventional coil over shocks. Utilizing two different Formula Student style courses, three...
Modern scientific and engineering problems often require simulations with a level of resolution difficult to achieve in reasonable amounts of time—even in effectively parallelized programs. Therefore, applications that exploit high performance computing (HPC) systems have become invaluable in academia and industry over the past two decades. Addressing the questions that...
Wind energy plays an important and growing role in the US energy profile. While other countries have expanded their wind industries into offshore development, large investment costs have hindered progress in the US offshore market despite the larger and more consistent resource available offshore. In this research, I explore the...
The global water crisis is defined as one of the major threats facing humankind over the next decade with over 1 in 10 people lacking access to clean drinking water worldwide. An estimated 1.2 million people pasteurize their drinking water by using boiling as an indicator. Pasteurization is the process...
Complex engineered systems design is a collaborative activity. To design a system, experts from the relevant disciplines must work together to create the best overall system from their individual components. This situation is analogous to a multiagent system in which agents solve individual parts of a larger problem. Current multiagent...
Membrane based heat pumps systems have attracted the attention of many research groups as a potentially more environmentally friendly alternative to vapor compression systems that are being used for space cooling in 90\% of the buildings in the United States. Several prototypes systems have been developed, with reported claims of...
Improved cookstoves have been designed and disseminated for several decades in an effort to address the human health and environmental issues caused by the inefficient, traditional biomass cooking and heating methods used by 40% of the world’s people. Engineers and designers working on these improved stoves have tended to focus...
Using repositories to store product design information can provide additional and extensive design knowledge to the global design community. Using repository data in the design of new products can be especially impactful for DfX design objectives, such as product sustainability, about which many engineering designers have limited knowledge. Furthermore, repositories...
Wave Energy Converters (WEC) have great potential to help meet global energy demands, but even a single device can be challenging to model. Although most WEC concepts are modelled, many have been simplified with assumptions that do not accurately capture the true dynamics of the system. For this reason, data-driven...
A significant source of energy consumption comes from maintaining desired indoor environment conditions in warehouses and other industrial facilities. In efforts to combat the raising energy costs, studies into more efficient heating and cooling strategies has been a topic of consideration for a number of years. One of the areas...
As the trend of increasing age, weight, size, and disability within the population continues to increase, the demand for accessible transportation is expected to increase as well. Accessible and inclusive transportation is key in providing independent, barrier-free mobility for persons with accessibility needs. This thesis describes work completed in partial...
Repurposing internal combustion engines as petrochemical reactors (i.e., Reactor engines) could offer a smaller, scalable alternative to traditional full scale chemical processing facilities. For many chemical processes, incorporating catalyst particles in fluidized beds is expected to result in superior performance over both monoliths and packed beds. Conversion of ethane into...
This thesis uses the manuscript option. The First Manuscript proposed a markerless Motion Capture (MOCAP) system with a Virtual Reality (VR) setup, which has the potential to eliminate excess cost and time associated with physical prototyping. Validation of the proposed virtual ergonomics analysis was made by measuring L4/L5 compression forces....
Considering human product interactions early and often in the engineering design process may improve product quality, facilitate user safety, reduce time to market, decrease or eliminate the need for costly physical prototypes, and reduce expensive late stage design changes. Currently, F1 race cars do not include a cockpit canopy to...
Timber harvesters are high powered industrial grade rigs used to fell, delimb, and cut to size large trees. Hydraulic motors power sprockets that drive chains around a guide bar that get extended through logs during cuts. As technological advances allow for higher speeds a phenomenon called “chain shot” has...
Adhesive use is becoming increasingly common in manufacturing processes. The advantage of adhesives are light weight components, non-destructive fastening techniques and distribution of loads over the applied bond region. Modeling the behavior of adhesive bond lines in fastening joints can help in the design process to make an optimized joint,...
This work presents a novel optimal control strategy for precision motion control of flexible ball-screw feed drives. Typically, ball-screw feed drive control relies on state feedback taken both from motor and the load sides. The controller designed in this thesis is based on the non-collocated framework, where all the feedback...
The competitiveness level of Formula Student is consistently increasing. Teams must allocate resources to develop new innovative designs to gain a competitive edge. Managing team resources effectively is critical to a team’s success. Reducing the resources required to manufacture specific components can be used to allocate resources to other beneficial...
The advancement of new manufacturing techniques such as additive manufacturing enable significantly greater freedom of design compared to conventional techniques. Of significant interest is what improvements could be made in the design of cold plates and heat sinks for electronics cooling. Greater design freedom could potentially enable new designs that...
Large amounts of energy are wasted when conditioned air in buildings is exhausted to meet ventilation requirements. There are several technologies to recover some of this energy, including the recent development of membrane based energy recovery ventilators (ERVs). ERVs exchange sensible heat and moisture between incoming fresh and outgoing exhaust...
Traditional electronic systems are usually fabricated via printed circuit boards (PCBs). In a regular PCB, the electronic components are placed and mounted on a two-dimensional board. Such a component layout limits the freedom in the component placement process which results in larger electronic devices. With the use of Additive Manufacturing...
Traditional electronic systems are usually fabricated via printed circuit boards (PCBs). In a regular PCB, the electronic components are placed and mounted on a two-dimensional board. Such a component layout limits the freedom in the component placement process which results in larger electronic devices. With the use of Additive Manufacturing...
Offshore renewable energy (ORE) has the potential to be a significant source of future global electricity production, reduce carbon emissions, decrease dependence on energy importation, and stimulate economic growth in coastal and remote areas. The availability and abundance of ORE, paired with growing coastal population centers, position offshore wind, wave,...
This thesis uses the manuscript option, and consists of a previously-published paper and a paper that has been accepted for publication. Manuscript One details an independent confirmatory study to Choo et al. (2014), which demonstrated that correlations exist between personality type and the outcome of concept ideation methods. This is...
Sintering of nanoparticles to create films and patterns of functional materials is emerging as a key manufacturing process in applications like flexible electronics, solar cells and thin-film devices. Further, there is the emerging potential to use nanoparticle sintering to perform additive manufacturing as well. While the effect of nanoparticle size...
A common problem in energy allocation problems is managing the trade-off between selling surplus energy to maximize short term revenue, versus holding surplus energy to hedge against future shortfalls. For energy allocation problems, this surplus represents resource flexibility and is quantified as the surplus energy after meeting the demand. The...
Renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important due to their low environmental impact and limitless nature. This thesis explores the design of a 250 mW permanent magnet linear generator wave energy converter to power ocean sensors. While many wave energy converters exist, this is a unique application because the wave...
A 1 kW series hybrid powertrain was developed at Oregon State University for use in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This powertrain was designed to give mission flexibility and increased flight time to fixed-wing vertical takeoff and landing UAVs and multirotor UAVs. The powertrain components, an internal combustion engine and a...
This work develops the loads, boundary conditions, and model construction techniques used to create a high-level vehicle analysis model. The loads are derived from the overall performance parameters of the vehicle, which include 3 axis accelerations and aerodynamic forces from Computational Fluid Dynamics outputs. The boundary condition of the analysis...
Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants have the potential to reduce the reliance on nonrenewable energies such as coal and natural gas and provide 24 hour, renewable electricity. A CSP system consists of a large field of heliostats that concentrate the sunlight on a centralized receiver, in this receiver a working...
Predicting condensation flow regimes and the associated heat transfer and pressure drop in microchannels is critical for designing terrestrial and space systems for heating, cooling, power generation, and advanced manufacturing. It is well established that in flows approaching the microscale (Dh < 1 mm) gravity-dominated flow regimes become less relevant,...
Chainsaw users value cutting performance and safety. Knowledge of the forces exerted during sawing are necessary to understand and improve the cutting performance of saw chain. Additionally, cutting forces can be used to form metrics for evaluating performance tradeoffs when using a safety (i.e. low-kickback) saw chain versus a standard...
Diffusion bonded microchannels provide significant benefits by reducing space requirements while improving thermal efficiency when used in heat exchangers. In particular, these microchannels have potential to improve efficiencies for combining concentrated solar power with supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles, where structures operate at high temperatures (760 ˚C) and high pressures (25...
In the vicinity of the pseudocritical point, supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) undergoes a steep change in properties from “liquid-like” to “gas-like” as it is heated at a constant pressure. At the same time, there is a large spike in specific heat which can yield high heat transfer coefficients and heat...
The aerodynamic performance of an oscillating pitching and plunging foil operating in the energy harvesting mode is investigated. Experiments are conducted in a closed-loop recirculating wind tunnel at Reynolds numbers of 24,000 to 48,000, and reduced frequencies (k = fc/u) of 0.042 to 0.083. Foil kinematics are varied through the...
Microscale continuous thin films or patterned conductive structures find applications in thin film electronics, energy generation and functional sensor systems. An emerging alternative to conventional vacuum based deposition of such structures is the additive deposition and sintering of conductive nanoparticles, to enable low temperature, low- cost and low energy fabrication....
Due to the growing complexity, sophistication, and interconnectedness of present day engineered products and services, the use of ontologies in engineering design is becoming more widespread. An ontology provides a standardized way of describing concepts in a domain of interest and the relationships between these concepts to better understand the...
Prepreg is widely used in composite manufacturing with advanced composites such as carbon and aramid. The material is characterized by a degree of flexibility (drape) and stickiness (tack), which allows an efficient layup on molds with complex shapes. However, axial instability of compressed fibers during the molding process may occur,...
Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is a secondary melting process for exotic alloys. The main purpose of this process is to increase the input ingot’s physical and chemical homogeneity. This is accomplished through the application of a high current that melts the material through the emergence of electrical arcs that induce...
Engineering applications often require fast, accurate solutions of fluid flow around freely moving bodies. The massive parallelism enabled by graphics processing unit (GPU) architecture enables high performance, offering a promising alternative to traditional solver acceleration via multicore central processing units (CPU). However, fully harnessing GPU parallelism requires specialized algorithms and...
Large-hydrocarbon fuels are used for ground and air transportation because of their high energy-density and will be for the foreseeable future. However, combustion of large-hydrocarbon fuels in a turbulent environment is poorly understood and difficult to predict. The turbulent flame speed, which is the velocity at which a flame front...
This research investigates shape optimization process, using b-spline models and panel methods, to achieve a high lift to drag ratio for an aerodynamic structure. This research is a proof of concept for further research in aerodynamic shape optimization. The coupled process, involving the design and optimization of a random shape,...
Chainsaws, an indispensable tool for modern forestry operations, rely on bar lubricant to prevent rapid wear of the chain and bar. Choice of bar lubricant must balance performance, cost, and biological impact. Many bar lubricants are available, but little published work exists that conclusively ranks the performance of these choices....
Composites often are able to carry more load after damage due to the structure of laminates. In addition, damage can be difficult to detect in composites compared to homogeneous materials. Understanding the behavior of composite material after damage is vital for composite structural design. Currently, experimental methods exist for classifying...
New materials with superior mechanical properties, such as increased strength and hardness, have been developed to allow for new and improved products. However, the mechanical properties that make these materials useful also makes them difficult to process using conventional methods. New machining processes need to be developed to generate products...
The Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion regime has received interest from the industrial furnace and gas turbine engine industries due to attractive properties of reduced NO[subscript x] emissions and high thermal efficiency. MILD combustion is characterized by low oxygen concentrations (i.e. 3%-9% by volume) and high reactant temperatures....
This thesis is the combination of two research publications working toward a unified strategy in which the design of complex engineered systems can be completed using a multiagent coordination approach. Current engineered system modeling techniques segment large complex models into multiple groups to be simulated independently. These methods restrict the...
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a relatively new manufacturing technique that can create high complexity parts out of many materials in low volume. The fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the lowest cost AM process and is capable of producing only thermoplastic components. Powder injection molding (PIM) is a high volume low...
The large wind resource off the United States West Coast has the potential to generate wind power for millions of homes, yet the high cost of energy for offshore wind power compared to traditional sources has slowed the development of offshore wind farms in the US. The four studies presented...
Designing a carbon fiber chassis for the Global Formula Race car has historically proven to be both time intensive and difficult. The goal of this thesis is to improve the design process for testing Global Formula Racing team's composite chassis sandwich panels. Consideration was taken regarding Formula SAE rules, and...
Sustainable product design is becoming an important component of the development of consumer products. Currently there are limited design resources to aid in the creation of environmentally sustainable products. The purpose of this research is to theorize a new method for integrating sustainable design knowledge into the early design phase...
Flexible aerodynamic surfaces have been shown to favorably influence flight characteristics at low Reynolds numbers by increasing lift, angle of attack at stall, and resistance to perturbation. The objective of the research presented within this thesis is to investigate the influence of two aspects of flight observed in biological flyers,...
Variations in heat treatments have significant effects on the microstructure of tool steels. For CPM-M4 tool steel, the changes in microstructure and mechanical properties were observed based off of variations in temperature. Five heat treatments with constant exposure time and variable austenitizing and tempering temperatures were performed on samples of...
Poor material utilization is inherent to conventional manufacturing processes, leading to high material waste and machining times. Additive manufacturing processes attempt to solve this issue by allowing production of near-net shapes, but the processes may be too expensive or infeasible. By leveraging both processes in a single part, the waste...
Assembly time estimation is a key factor in evaluating the performance of the assembly process in an automated assembly process. The overall goal of this study is to develop an efficient assembly time estimation method by generating the prediction model from an experimental design. In order to estimate these times,...
Assessing student conceptual understanding is a valuable method for gauging specific student learning outcomes but can be difficult and time consuming to measure. This research investigates the potential of automating some intermediary steps of a qualitative analysis of student conceptual understanding with tools from the field of Natural Language Processing...
This thesis details the applications of a new method of agent-based structure synthesis. The goal of this research is to create structures that meet a structural goal within a simulated physics environment. The method proposed works as an iterative process of changing the structure, evaluating the new structure and using...
The purpose of this study is to measure and compare radiation emissions from flames burning large hydrocarbon fuels to assist in understanding how the molecular composition changes radiation emissions. Radiative heat transfer is significant because it is a primary mode of heat transfer for many combustion devices. This study also...
This thesis examines the effect of aerodynamics on Formula SAE cars. Due to the different objectives of the Formula SAE events, an understanding of the car's complete aerodynamic design is necessary. Using a half car computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, a series of sensitivity studies are conducted to determine trends...
This thesis describes a method for automatically generating and evaluating small-scale off-grid energy systems. Such systems are comprised of components such as solar panels, residential-scale wind turbines, batteries, inverters and charge controllers. These disparate components are assembled into feasible networks through the use of topological optimization and graph grammar rules....
Numerous physical and chemical processes are required for successful ignition of a flammable mixture, many of which have been well characterized. However, one aspect of the ignition process that has received limited consideration is understanding the temperature of the spark kernel. A spark kernel is the volume of heated gas...
With the need to integrate renewable energy sources into the current energy portfolio and the proximity of many population centers to an ocean coastline, it is pressing that marine energy systems, specifically wave energy converters (WECs), are evaluated as potential solutions for meeting energy needs. In order to best understand...
Low temperature combustion (LTC) engines offer improved efficiency and reduced emissions over traditional gasoline spark-ignited and diesel compression-ignition engines. The ability to produce fuels optimized for LTC engines could help increase efficiency and therefore improve fuel economy, insomuch that Federal fuel economy standards could be met. Currently, a fuel performance...
Characterization of a microchannel solar thermal receiver for supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) is presented. The receiver design is based on conjugate computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer simulations as well as thermo-mechanical stress analysis. Two lab scale receivers with a 2x2 cm² absorber area are fabricated and experimentally characterized -...
Wave energy is emerging as a new potential source for renewable energy generation. However, wave energy technology is not currently cost competitive with other more mature renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. One approach that researchers and developers are taking to reduce the cost of wave energy is...
Photonic sintering of nanoparticles is a relatively new process for sintering of nanoparticles, deposited on a substrate, into functional solid structures. The working principle of this process is the incidence of large-area broad-spectrum light onto deposited nanoparticles, which results in heat generation in the nanoparticles and their subsequent densification. Key...
This thesis covers the use of a quarter car model to select damping rates for aFormula Student (FS) car, focusing on minimizing vertical tire force variation to improvegrip. A 2 degree of freedom (DOF) quarter car model is cycled over the road frequenciesof interest and the results compared with the...
Micro air vehicles (MAV's) and small unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAV) are remotely piloted or autonomous aircraft with a take-off mass range between 50 g and few kilograms. These vehicles, as well as natural fliers such as bats and insects, utilize a variety of elastic wing structures including thin membranes. Over...
The intent of this research is to explore the entire design space of mechanism topologies by using a graph grammar synthesis approach. A new graph representation of planer mechanism has been developed to represent the planar mechanism with revolute (R), prismatic (P), and pin-in-slot (RP) joints. Following Gruebler's equation, the...
This thesis explores the development of biomechanical models for evaluating a new class of passive mechanical implants for orthopedic surgery. The proposed implants take the form of passive engineered mechanisms and will be used to improve the functional attachment of muscles to tendons and bone by modifying the transmission of...
The design and analysis of single point power-mooring cables applied to wave energy converters (WECs) is presented. WECs are mechanical devices designed and deployed to extract energy from waves in varying ways, and at varying distances from the shoreline. WEC devices operating on the water surface require mooring lines or...
Some successful products are still developed and produced without the benefit of modern design techniques. One such product is a vibratory conveyor that has been developed largely through prototype iteration. The manufacturer has collaborated with Oregon State University to introduce model-based design into the development process. This research details a...
Bird and bat mortalities caused by interactions with wind turbines is a critical concern that requires addressing for conservation purposes. Deploying a low cost sensor array will be instrumental during site permitting, conducting impact assessments of existing wind farms, and assessing efficacy of wildlife mortality mitigation or wildlife deterrent technologies....