Renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important due to their low environmental impact and limitless nature. This thesis explores the design of a 250 mW permanent magnet linear generator wave energy converter to power ocean sensors. While many wave energy converters exist, this is a unique application because the wave...
A 1 kW series hybrid powertrain was developed at Oregon State University for use in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This powertrain was designed to give mission flexibility and increased flight time to fixed-wing vertical takeoff and landing UAVs and multirotor UAVs. The powertrain components, an internal combustion engine and a...
The Santo Tomas University Internment Camp Podcast tells the story of a prison camp run by the Japanese in the Philippines during World War Two, told through a scrapbook created by two internees named Frank and Mildred Miles. Consisting of two parts, an academic portion which focuses on the historical...
Inertial microfluidics refers to the manipulation of the location and velocity of particles suspended in microscale fluid flow without the introduction of outside forces. It has promising applications in flow cytometry and other biomedical technologies because of the potential for lowering cost and complexity relative to current particle focusing methods....
This work develops the loads, boundary conditions, and model construction techniques used to create a high-level vehicle analysis model. The loads are derived from the overall performance parameters of the vehicle, which include 3 axis accelerations and aerodynamic forces from Computational Fluid Dynamics outputs. The boundary condition of the analysis...
Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants have the potential to reduce the reliance on nonrenewable energies such as coal and natural gas and provide 24 hour, renewable electricity. A CSP system consists of a large field of heliostats that concentrate the sunlight on a centralized receiver, in this receiver a working...
Predicting condensation flow regimes and the associated heat transfer and pressure drop in microchannels is critical for designing terrestrial and space systems for heating, cooling, power generation, and advanced manufacturing. It is well established that in flows approaching the microscale (Dh < 1 mm) gravity-dominated flow regimes become less relevant,...
Chainsaw users value cutting performance and safety. Knowledge of the forces exerted during sawing are necessary to understand and improve the cutting performance of saw chain. Additionally, cutting forces can be used to form metrics for evaluating performance tradeoffs when using a safety (i.e. low-kickback) saw chain versus a standard...
Diffusion bonded microchannels provide significant benefits by reducing space requirements while improving thermal efficiency when used in heat exchangers. In particular, these microchannels have potential to improve efficiencies for combining concentrated solar power with supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles, where structures operate at high temperatures (760 ˚C) and high pressures (25...
Assembly planning is a crucial task for every manufacturing product. In general, assembly operations consume more than 30% of the total manufacturing time and cost. Therefore, any effort in optimizing assembly will have a significant impact on the economic success of manufacturing. Finding an optimal assembly plan by hand is...
In the vicinity of the pseudocritical point, supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) undergoes a steep change in properties from “liquid-like” to “gas-like” as it is heated at a constant pressure. At the same time, there is a large spike in specific heat which can yield high heat transfer coefficients and heat...
The aerodynamic performance of an oscillating pitching and plunging foil operating in the energy harvesting mode is investigated. Experiments are conducted in a closed-loop recirculating wind tunnel at Reynolds numbers of 24,000 to 48,000, and reduced frequencies (k = fc/u) of 0.042 to 0.083. Foil kinematics are varied through the...
Microscale continuous thin films or patterned conductive structures find applications in thin film electronics, energy generation and functional sensor systems. An emerging alternative to conventional vacuum based deposition of such structures is the additive deposition and sintering of conductive nanoparticles, to enable low temperature, low- cost and low energy fabrication....
Due to the growing complexity, sophistication, and interconnectedness of present day engineered products and services, the use of ontologies in engineering design is becoming more widespread. An ontology provides a standardized way of describing concepts in a domain of interest and the relationships between these concepts to better understand the...
Prepreg is widely used in composite manufacturing with advanced composites such as carbon and aramid. The material is characterized by a degree of flexibility (drape) and stickiness (tack), which allows an efficient layup on molds with complex shapes. However, axial instability of compressed fibers during the molding process may occur,...
Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is a secondary melting process for exotic alloys. The main purpose of this process is to increase the input ingot’s physical and chemical homogeneity. This is accomplished through the application of a high current that melts the material through the emergence of electrical arcs that induce...
Engineering applications often require fast, accurate solutions of fluid flow around freely moving bodies. The massive parallelism enabled by graphics processing unit (GPU) architecture enables high performance, offering a promising alternative to traditional solver acceleration via multicore central processing units (CPU). However, fully harnessing GPU parallelism requires specialized algorithms and...
Large-hydrocarbon fuels are used for ground and air transportation because of their high energy-density and will be for the foreseeable future. However, combustion of large-hydrocarbon fuels in a turbulent environment is poorly understood and difficult to predict. The turbulent flame speed, which is the velocity at which a flame front...
In order to more effectively design large, complex systems, risk must be accounted for throughout the design process. A systematic way to account for risk is by using system model simulation. During the conceptual design phase, functional models can be drawn to help the engineer design their system's functional architecture....
The goal of this project is to research an innovative rear wing design for Formula SAE and determine if the concept could be beneficial for automotive racing purposes. The research consists of three steps. First, sensitivity analyses using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation were performed on multiple configurations. Next an...
This research investigates shape optimization process, using b-spline models and panel methods, to achieve a high lift to drag ratio for an aerodynamic structure. This research is a proof of concept for further research in aerodynamic shape optimization. The coupled process, involving the design and optimization of a random shape,...
Chainsaws, an indispensable tool for modern forestry operations, rely on bar lubricant to prevent rapid wear of the chain and bar. Choice of bar lubricant must balance performance, cost, and biological impact. Many bar lubricants are available, but little published work exists that conclusively ranks the performance of these choices....
Composites often are able to carry more load after damage due to the structure of laminates. In addition, damage can be difficult to detect in composites compared to homogeneous materials. Understanding the behavior of composite material after damage is vital for composite structural design. Currently, experimental methods exist for classifying...
This study computationally and experimentally examines the mechanisms of crack penetration, deflection and the transition between penetration and deflection. The finite element analysis based computational modeling work used strength-and-energy based cohesive-zone approach to study the effect of dimensionless parameters (e.g., interfacial incident angle, fracture-length scale, and normalized toughness) on penetration/deflection...
New materials with superior mechanical properties, such as increased strength and hardness, have been developed to allow for new and improved products. However, the mechanical properties that make these materials useful also makes them difficult to process using conventional methods. New machining processes need to be developed to generate products...
The Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion regime has received interest from the industrial furnace and gas turbine engine industries due to attractive properties of reduced NO[subscript x] emissions and high thermal efficiency. MILD combustion is characterized by low oxygen concentrations (i.e. 3%-9% by volume) and high reactant temperatures....
Treatment of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts provides many options, including cellophane banding. These cellophane bands are secured with a ligation clip. Weck® offers two forms of these: the stainless steel Hemoclip, and the polymer Hem-o-lok. This in vitro study compares the mechanical strength of these two of types of clips by...
Human body flight is a relatively young sport with a largely undocumented history.
Human body flight is an umbrella term for any sport involving maneuvering one’s body in a
meaningful way through a column of relative wind. Human body flight includes skydiving,
which was the origin of human body flight,...
This thesis is the combination of two research publications working toward a unified strategy in which the design of complex engineered systems can be completed using a multiagent coordination approach. Current engineered system modeling techniques segment large complex models into multiple groups to be simulated independently. These methods restrict the...
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a relatively new manufacturing technique that can create high complexity parts out of many materials in low volume. The fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the lowest cost AM process and is capable of producing only thermoplastic components. Powder injection molding (PIM) is a high volume low...
The large wind resource off the United States West Coast has the potential to generate wind power for millions of homes, yet the high cost of energy for offshore wind power compared to traditional sources has slowed the development of offshore wind farms in the US. The four studies presented...
Designing a carbon fiber chassis for the Global Formula Race car has historically proven to be both time intensive and difficult. The goal of this thesis is to improve the design process for testing Global Formula Racing team's composite chassis sandwich panels. Consideration was taken regarding Formula SAE rules, and...
The purpose of this project was to design the 2016 combustion car drivetrain for Global Formula Racing (GFR). The goal of this project was to improve upon the 2015 drivetrain design by reducing complexity, weight, and maintenance time. To reduce complexity the spool was changed to a one piece system...
This project consists of the analysis, design, and manufacturing of the 2016 cooling system for Global Formula Racing’s combustion vehicle. Several water configurations were examined, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to estimate airflow and heat transfer calculations in MATLAB to estimate heat rejection through each concept. Data used to perform...
Recent interest in nano aerial vehicles (NAVs) has sparked an increase in research on the mechanics of biological flapping flight. The ability of NAVs to fly in confined spaces and perform tight maneuvers make them a valuable technological asset. Researching the mechanisms behind small-scale flapping flight promises progress toward the...
The purpose of this thesis was to understand the relation between the actual performance and the design performance of the manufacturing plane which was designed for the 2016 Design/Build/Fly competition. The actual performance was determined using an Arduino Uno based system with data from an accelerometer, gyroscope and pitot tube....
As global population and affluence continues to rise, demand for and disposal of
consumer products is increasing. Currently, there are established process that guide
designers to develop innovative products, but these products still have a large impact
on the environment. There is beginning to be an emphasis on product sustainability,...
This project created a stand-alone unit capable of providing on-board sensing and processing for robotic vehicles. This unit was designed to be compact, lightweight, inexpensive, and adaptable. The goal of this project is to help advance robotics research in mapping and multi-agent coordination by making it easier to equip vehicles...
Sustainable product design is becoming an important component of the development of consumer products. Currently there are limited design resources to aid in the creation of environmentally sustainable products. The purpose of this research is to theorize a new method for integrating sustainable design knowledge into the early design phase...
Flexible aerodynamic surfaces have been shown to favorably influence flight characteristics at low Reynolds numbers by increasing lift, angle of attack at stall, and resistance to perturbation. The objective of the research presented within this thesis is to investigate the influence of two aspects of flight observed in biological flyers,...
Variations in heat treatments have significant effects on the microstructure of tool steels. For CPM-M4 tool steel, the changes in microstructure and mechanical properties were observed based off of variations in temperature. Five heat treatments with constant exposure time and variable austenitizing and tempering temperatures were performed on samples of...
Poor material utilization is inherent to conventional manufacturing processes, leading to high material waste and machining times. Additive manufacturing processes attempt to solve this issue by allowing production of near-net shapes, but the processes may be too expensive or infeasible. By leveraging both processes in a single part, the waste...
Combustion systems for transportation applications typically use large hydrocarbon fuels in turbulent premixed or partially premixed environments. Combustion products can enter the reaction region through natural recirculation or combustion control mechanisms. The objective of this study is to characterize how dilution by combustion products affects the turbulent consumption speed for...
Assembly time estimation is a key factor in evaluating the performance of the assembly process in an automated assembly process. The overall goal of this study is to develop an efficient assembly time estimation method by generating the prediction model from an experimental design. In order to estimate these times,...
Assessing student conceptual understanding is a valuable method for gauging specific student learning outcomes but can be difficult and time consuming to measure. This research investigates the potential of automating some intermediary steps of a qualitative analysis of student conceptual understanding with tools from the field of Natural Language Processing...
OSU’s Global Formula Racing (GFR) team creates two carbon fiber chassis each year, one for combustion engine powered the other electric. These two vehicles compete in SAE sanctioned competitions teams and in order to enter they both have to provide design and testing information to prove the vehicle is safe...
This project analyzes, tests, and redesigns an environmental control system for Global Formula Racing’s (GFR) dynamometer. It seeks to develop a working system to test GFR’s car engine under air conditions similar to those faced during competition. A model is developed to predict the performance of the environmental control system,...
Turbulent flows over rough surfaces are encountered in many engineering and geophysical applications. Flows of this nature, due to their increasing technological interests, have been a subject of rigorous investigation in recent years. Of the particular interest to the oceanographic community is the study of turbulent oscillatory flow over rough...
Bird and bat collisions with wind turbine blades are an occurrence which are extremely variable in
frequency. With the expansion of wind farms, determining the true quantity of collisions and the
species involved is imperative for preventing ecological damage. Explored in this thesis is a blade
mounted camera for wirelessly...
This thesis details the applications of a new method of agent-based structure synthesis. The goal of this research is to create structures that meet a structural goal within a simulated physics environment. The method proposed works as an iterative process of changing the structure, evaluating the new structure and using...
The purpose of this study is to measure and compare radiation emissions from flames burning large hydrocarbon fuels to assist in understanding how the molecular composition changes radiation emissions. Radiative heat transfer is significant because it is a primary mode of heat transfer for many combustion devices. This study also...
The intent of this report is to provide a brief description of water quality issues in Nicaragua, Uganda and Bangladesh, and the technologies available to address these issues. The water quality parameters considered include: bacterial contamination, heavy metals and arsenic, pesticides and industrious chemicals, turbidity, radiological characteristics, and taste and...
This thesis examines the effect of aerodynamics on Formula SAE cars. Due to the different objectives of the Formula SAE events, an understanding of the car's complete aerodynamic design is necessary. Using a half car computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, a series of sensitivity studies are conducted to determine trends...
This thesis describes a method for automatically generating and evaluating small-scale off-grid energy systems. Such systems are comprised of components such as solar panels, residential-scale wind turbines, batteries, inverters and charge controllers. These disparate components are assembled into feasible networks through the use of topological optimization and graph grammar rules....
Numerous physical and chemical processes are required for successful ignition of a flammable mixture, many of which have been well characterized. However, one aspect of the ignition process that has received limited consideration is understanding the temperature of the spark kernel. A spark kernel is the volume of heated gas...
In many regions of the world, a significant portion of the surface water originates in mountain headwaters where the timing and magnitude of streamflow is largely dictated by the seasonal storage of precipitation as snowpack and long-term storage as glaciers. Accumulation, persistence, and melt of snow and ice are functions...
With the need to integrate renewable energy sources into the current energy portfolio and the proximity of many population centers to an ocean coastline, it is pressing that marine energy systems, specifically wave energy converters (WECs), are evaluated as potential solutions for meeting energy needs. In order to best understand...
Low temperature combustion (LTC) engines offer improved efficiency and reduced emissions over traditional gasoline spark-ignited and diesel compression-ignition engines. The ability to produce fuels optimized for LTC engines could help increase efficiency and therefore improve fuel economy, insomuch that Federal fuel economy standards could be met. Currently, a fuel performance...
Analysis of alternative concepts has a significant impact on design project outcomes, and yet many design teams fail to consider a significantly broad range of conceptual solutions. Within the realm of conceptual design exists a technique called design by analogy (DBA) -- the practice of reapplying old solutions to new...
Characterization of a microchannel solar thermal receiver for supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) is presented. The receiver design is based on conjugate computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer simulations as well as thermo-mechanical stress analysis. Two lab scale receivers with a 2x2 cm² absorber area are fabricated and experimentally characterized -...
Wave energy is emerging as a new potential source for renewable energy generation. However, wave energy technology is not currently cost competitive with other more mature renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. One approach that researchers and developers are taking to reduce the cost of wave energy is...
Photonic sintering of nanoparticles is a relatively new process for sintering of nanoparticles, deposited on a substrate, into functional solid structures. The working principle of this process is the incidence of large-area broad-spectrum light onto deposited nanoparticles, which results in heat generation in the nanoparticles and their subsequent densification. Key...
The ever increasing requirements for heat dissipation in various thermal management applications such as computer chip cooling and high power electronics have necessitated the need for novel thermal management techniques. Thermal management using heat sinks with microscale features is amongst the prominent techniques developed over the past two decades. In...
The potential of red blood cell (RBC) and platelet damage was studied for a novel microfluidic hemoperfusion device currently in development at Oregon State University for use in treating sepsis. COMSOL 4.4's computational fluid dynamics (CFD) module was used to examine shear rate profiles in laminar, Newtonian blood flow throughout...
Vertical Axis Pendulum Wave Energy Converters (VAPWECs) are thought to be both effective and robust at converting ocean wave energy into usable electricity. Seeking to build upon and investigate such potential, this work examines the merits of actively controlling a generic VAPWEC's pendulum for the purpose of increasing the converter's...
Through passive adaptation to incidental flow, flexible aerodynamic surfaces exploit effects of increased lift, delayed stall and disturbance rejection. Wings of birds, bats, and insects exhibit these passive effects, and at the same time through the use of structural state feedback sensed from the loads on the wing, active control...
This thesis covers the use of a quarter car model to select damping rates for aFormula Student (FS) car, focusing on minimizing vertical tire force variation to improvegrip. A 2 degree of freedom (DOF) quarter car model is cycled over the road frequenciesof interest and the results compared with the...
Micro air vehicles (MAV's) and small unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAV) are remotely piloted or autonomous aircraft with a take-off mass range between 50 g and few kilograms. These vehicles, as well as natural fliers such as bats and insects, utilize a variety of elastic wing structures including thin membranes. Over...
The intent of this research is to explore the entire design space of mechanism topologies by using a graph grammar synthesis approach. A new graph representation of planer mechanism has been developed to represent the planar mechanism with revolute (R), prismatic (P), and pin-in-slot (RP) joints. Following Gruebler's equation, the...
This thesis explores the development of biomechanical models for evaluating a new class of passive mechanical implants for orthopedic surgery. The proposed implants take the form of passive engineered mechanisms and will be used to improve the functional attachment of muscles to tendons and bone by modifying the transmission of...
The design and analysis of single point power-mooring cables applied to wave energy converters (WECs) is presented. WECs are mechanical devices designed and deployed to extract energy from waves in varying ways, and at varying distances from the shoreline. WEC devices operating on the water surface require mooring lines or...
This study conducts follow up research to my Mechanical Engineering Senior Project that was completed in March 2015. It follows the Student Powered Hydro and Entertainment Device (SPHED) as it is used in various middle school and high school classrooms. SPHED has three modules: a power generation module, a hydropower...
This project examines the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model used by Global Formula Racing (GFR) to simulate external aerodynamics for a Formula SAE racecar. It seeks to improve the accuracy of the existing model by changing mesh and physics model parameters. Accuracy of the model is quantified through comparison to...
The process of redesigning products in order to reduce their environmental impact is a challenging task because formalized methods in sustainable product design do not yet exist. There are many tools and methods that designers can use to be more informed of the sustainability of a product, but many are...
Some successful products are still developed and produced without the benefit of modern design techniques. One such product is a vibratory conveyor that has been developed largely through prototype iteration. The manufacturer has collaborated with Oregon State University to introduce model-based design into the development process. This research details a...
Cooperative multiagent systems are used as solution concepts in many application domains including air traffic control, satellite communications, and extra planetary exploration. As systems become more distributed and complex, we observe three phenomena. First, these systems cannot be accurately modeled, rendering traditional model based control methods inadequate. Second, system parameters...
Bird and bat mortalities caused by interactions with wind turbines is a critical concern that requires addressing for conservation purposes. Deploying a low cost sensor array will be instrumental during site permitting, conducting impact assessments of existing wind farms, and assessing efficacy of wildlife mortality mitigation or wildlife deterrent technologies....
A new thermal management method for hotspots on microprocessors is under development that employs confined pool boiling with vapor extraction at pre-determined nucleation sites. Extraction is accomplished by locating a vacuum chamber constructed out of a glass tube and a hydrophobic membrane directly above a nucleation site. In order to...
There is a growing US interest in UAVs for many applications ranging from agriculture to military. One area of improvement that can be realized in each category is propulsion. Engines with greater efficiency would result in longer mission duration, leading to cost savings and increased usefulness for UAV owners and...
Bipedal locomotion is a complex phenomenon to understand and control, making it difficult for legged robots to achieve the speed, agility, efficiency, and robustness of their animal counterparts. This thesis argues for the use of numerical optimization to investigate and implement bipedal control as it applies to biology, dynamical models,...
The objective of this study is to propose control strategies for legged robots to walk and run naturally like humans and animals. To achieve this goal, we use the spring-mass model for the legged robots to be able to create the same dynamics in the leg as humans and animals....
Formula SAE is a collegiate engineering competition that has participants from around the globe. Of the 1000 points available throughout the event, 100 (10%) are dedicated to the fuel efficiency of the student built race cars. Competition rules allow either gasoline or E85, a mix of 85% ethanol and 15%...
Cutting operations using blades appear in several different industries such as food processing, surgical operations, gardening equipment, and so forth. As our society continues to increase our technological prowess, there is an ongoing need to better understand the underlying causes of simple tasks such as cutting so that cutting operations...
Digital Image Correlation(DIC) is one of full-field strain measurement techniques devel- oped in recent decades, which has been well-demonstrated to conduct the mechanical properties study of solid materials, by collecting data using digital cameras. X-ray to- mography(CT) imaging helps the correlation techniques expanded to three dimensional investigation of materials, known...
Steel foundries are in great need of automation as current operations involve many hazardous manual tasks. Automating foundry operations is very challenging due to the variety of tasks that must be performed on physical objects that vary significantly in size, shape, and weight. This thesis focuses on robotically automating the...
Given the current abundant supply and cheap price of natural gas (NG) in the United States, there is a significant opportunity to use this fuel for transportation. However, there are few fueling stations for consumers. To address this need, a dual-mode engine has been developed where in one mode all...
This thesis discusses the design of several microchannel solar receiver devices for use in CSP (concentrated solar power) using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations. The goal is to demonstrate that, by taking advantage of the higher heat transfer coefficienct of microchannels, solar receivers can achieve higher efficiency than current receiver...
The ability to engineer stiffness and strength in any desired direction make composites an ideal material candidate for various applications when compared to their traditional isotropic counterparts. In spite of this, the ability to model the material response in composites has yet to be fully explored. Composite research largely focuses...
The ability to develop mobile applications for smartphones and tablets is an increasingly valuable skill in today’s labor market. This thesis details the development of the mobile application Drone Drop from beginning to finish. I first describe the background research conducted to learn about programming languages and other tools used...
As modern systems continue to increase in size and complexity, they pose significant safety and risk management challenges. System engineers and much of the government research efforts are focused on understanding the attributes and characteristics that emerge from the interactions of components and subsystems. As a result, the objective of...
Wave energy holds great promise to be part of the alternative energy portfolio that will provide independence from fossil fuels. As wave energy converter (WEC) technologies mature, designing effective control strategies to extract maximum energy, extend device life, coordinate WEC operation within an array, or mitigate negative impacts of a...
The reliability and survivability of a wave energy converter (WEC) is highly dependent on the variability and non-linearity of the ocean itself. Ocean variability occurs on many time scales. Climate variability occurs decade-to-decade, and year-to-year in the number and intensity of winter storms. Seasonal variation of wave height and period...
A microchannel-based hemodialyzer offers a novel approach to hemodialysis practice and holds many promises for improving dialysis treatment efficiency and quality of life for kidney patients. The hollow fiber hemodialyzer, a conventional dialysis device, has certain limitations including non-uniformity of the dialysate flow path which necessitates the use of a...
Manuscript I: The removal of residual casting material from gating has traditionally been performed by abrasive grinding techniques. However, high amounts of belt wear can occur when working with high strength alloys, especially those typically seen in the aerospace industry. An alternative machining process called electrochemical machining (ECM) uses electrolysis...
There is a pressing need for Micro Air Vehicles (MAV) that are light, powerful, and efficient to perform military reconnaissance missions and search and rescue operations. These MAVs have length scales on the order of 10 cm, where traditional steady flight wing designs perform poorly. An alternative flight mechanism is...
Bipedal robots represent a unique class of control problems that combine many of the most difficult elements of nonlinear control. These robots are typically designed to be mobile and as such have limited energy and actuator authority making efficiency a prime concern. Unlike wheeled robots, legged robots must transition between...
The expansion of a gas within a piston-cylinder arrangement is studied in order to obtain a better understanding of the heat transfer which occurs during this process. While the situation of heat transfer during the expansion of a gas has received considerable attention, the process is still not very well...
This thesis is the combination of two research publications working toward a unified strategy in which to represent complex engineered systems as complex networks. Current engineered system modeling techniques segment large complex models into multiple groups to be simulated independently. These methods restrict the evaluations of such complex systems as...
As the growth in demand for sustainable manufacturing continues, companies must begin to make conscious design decisions with regard to the sustainability of their products. This means balancing economics of production with environmental and social performance. Thus, design and manufacturing engineers must consider economic, environmental, and social aspects simultaneously when...
The Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (FSAE) has provided a platform
for teams like Oregon State’s own Global Formula Racing Team (GFR) to produce a
formula style race car and compete with other schools across the world. The GFR team
has used the same carbon fiber monocoque chassis since the...