Stasis theory has long stood as a foundational pillar of Western rhetoric. It is an integral component of the canon of invention, and has been in existence since the times of ancient Greek scholars. However, it is currently facing a substantive challenge to its efficacy and its very existence. This...
For many, the concept of Home resides in the subconscious; an idea that is present, but not questioned, or even realized. However, this concept may be particularly troublesome to define for those who have left their homes in pursuit of a different life. The concept of Home becomes a conscious...
Far from the decimated state it was during the 1990s, Russia has risen to become a key player in many international events, often in opposition to the West. In particular, President Putin and his allies have invested heavily in increasing both Russia’s soft power, or its attractiveness to other countries,...
In this thesis, I created a short film to immerse and connect, or reconnect, Oregonians to Outdoor School and its impact on youth. Outdoor School (ODS) is an experiential outdoor education program for 5th and 6th graders, that recently became funded statewide in Oregon through voters’ approval of Measure 99....
Despite the many advances in biotechnology and biomedical engineering, the need for long term organ and tissue storage remains among the unsolved problems in the field. Researchers are investigating several possible solutions to the issue that aim to maintain the function and integrity of the biological tissues during storage and...
In this study I viewed video and corresponding transcripts of two students solving introductory combinatorial problems. Using an adapted version of Harel’s (2008) concepts of Result Pattern Generalization and Process Pattern Generalization, I analyzed the work done by the two students. Both students primarily worked through the problem How many...
The United States of America is founded upon immigration, and Germans are one of the first European ethnic groups to settle en masse in North America. The common narrative of immigration is that of the “melting pot”; characterized by assimilation of cultures into one ‘super’ culture. German immigration has often...
The gauge integral is a rather obscure object in mathematics. Like the Riemann integral, it is relatively simple to define, but unlike the Riemann integral, the gauge integral has the ability to integrate a very large class of functions. Here, we provide a development of the gauge integral at an...
For the 2019 season, a new chassis layup was designed that is much stronger than in previous years, yet only slightly heavier. Compared to the baseline steel tube frame, the 2019 chassis has safety factors of about 110% for most zones. Also, a new impact attenuator was designed that absorbs...
Primate populations are declining in number, with an estimated “60% of primate species threatened with extinction from hunting and trapping” (Estrada et al., 2017). The largest threat to mammals in West and Central Africa is commercial hunting (Jost Robinson, Daspit, & Remis, 2011). Hunting these large mammals was once practiced...
Dwelling on the bottom of large rivers to high alpine streams, freshwater sculpins (genus Cottus) occur in high densities across the Pacific Northwest, with 21 currently recognized species found in the Pacific Northwest. Sculpin fill many ecological roles, with some species serving as important prey sources, and others competing with...
Self-regulation, or an individual’s ability to control their emotions, behaviors, and cognitions, is one important factor of cognitive development during early childhood. The behavioral aspects of self-regulation have the potential to impact children’s success in formal education settings. Breastfeeding also has been shown to increase overall cognitive development at a...
Domesticated cats frequently use their sense of smell to navigate their environment, convey social cues, and communicate with other individuals. In applied contexts, cat owners are often encouraged to leave items holding their scent with their cat in periods of absence with the aim of reducing stress. The purpose of...
Most software systems today do not support cognitive diversity. Further, because of differences in problem-solving styles that cluster by gender, software that poorly supports cognitive diversity can also embed gender biases. To help software professionals fix gender bias “bugs” related to people’s problem-solving styles for information processing and learning of...
Legged robots, while advancing quickly, have far to go before they can recover from major disturbances safely and consistently. Reflected inertia, which affects how quickly the actuators can physically respond to an environmental disturbance, and delay, which describes the time necessary for the controller to sense, re-plan, and respond to...
Tightness-looseness (TL) is a cultural construct that measures the level of social norms present in a community, and the level of scrutiny of deviance from these norms. This construct offers a unique foundation for investigating how norms influence behavioral processes. Research in TL is relatively young, creating a frontier of...
An estimated total of 30.3 million people have diabetes in the United States, a disease characterized by chronic elevation in blood glucose which over time, can lead to a host of health problems. Currently the most common types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational. The principal hormone...
Clear and unbiased question wording is important to obtaining consistent and accurate survey results. However, if the goal is not to obtain accurate results but instead to obtain a specific result, then altering question wording may be effective. To examine this possibility, we created a survey with 9 different versions...
Rapid and effective treatment of burn injuries is critical to prevent long term damage. Besides the pain associated with the burn injury due to damage and death of surrounding tissue and cells, there is a large risk for complications, particularly infection, following a burn injury. To address these risks, Meta...
Marijuana (MJ) is a widely used illicit substance among adolescents and young adults. Frequent MJ use has been associated with impairments in cognitive flexibility and inhibition, both of which play important roles in decision-making. However, the impact of frequent MJ on decision-making performance is mixed and not well understood. The...
The Supreme Court Bar-the lawyers who argue before the US Supreme Court-has historically been an elite and exclusive group. This investigation examines the demographic make-up of the Supreme Court Bar in the Roberts Court and compares it to previous iterations of the Supreme Court Bar, as well as the national...
Post-mortem examinations were performed on 29 deceased Persian kittens from 13 different litters, and 30 deceased Devon Rex kittens from 18 different litters in order to identify gross anatomical abnormalities. Fifteen kittens were stillborn (8 Devon Rex, 7 Persian), 17 kittens died during the first day of life (16 Devon...
Research Objective:
Determine if disparities in the allocation of lifesaving organs, specifically the kidney and liver, exist between low and non-low socioeconomic status (SES) groups in the US.
Study Design:
A literature review will be conducted to examine anticipated inequalities between patients of different SES. Potential causes of the disparity...
Modified ride-on cars (ROCs) offer children with disabilities access to independent mobility. Aims: 1) To examine the association between caregiver attitudes towards self-directed mobility, caregiver alignment with the medical and social models of disability, and total modified ROC driving time; 2) To compare caregiver attitudes towards self-directed mobility, caregiver alignment...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intranasally administered oxytocin on the sociability of adult, neutered, male and female shelter cats, as measured by proximity-seeking behavior and meow vocalizations. Two local Humane Societies were sampled in this study. The shelter cats were randomly assigned to one...
Drones are being used increasingly in the transportation sector for roadside applications such as surveying, structural inspection, and traffic monitoring, which raises distraction concerns for drivers. This study examines the visual attention of a group of Oregon drivers to determine drones’ potential as distracting roadside elements. Eye tracking data was...
The physician-patient relationship is one that relies heavily on the premise of trust. In contemporary medicine, trust is difficult to sustain due to the distractions created by technological documentation, rules, an increasing number of patients seen by a fewer physicians that diminish the human interaction within the relationship. To emphasize...
Pseudomonas syringae is a Gram-negative bacterium that can infect a variety of important crops. Infection by P. syringae is dependent on a type III secretion system (T3SS) that delivers effector proteins to plant cells to suppress host defenses. Previous work has shown that, in the presence of simple sugars, specific...
Enduracidin is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fungicidicus that is effective against Gram-positive bacteria. Previous work identified seventy-eight mutations in an S. fungicidicus strain that produces a significantly higher level of enduracidin than the wild type strain, ATCC 21013. Eleven mutations were analyzed individually to identify those that may contribute...
This work describes a method for incorporating patient data into a nutrient transport model of the intervertebral disc.This data was collected using MRI diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and was converted into an apparent diffusion coefficient map (ADC map). This map was used to define the diffusion behavior of water within...
The objective of this study was to identify the varying effects of altering the rumen fluid: substrate ratio on the outcomes of in vitro rumen fermentation. In vitro fermentation is a useful tool for evaluating the energy value of feedstuffs and the effect of feed additives on Volatile Fatty Acid...
While breast milk is considered the best nourishment for newborns, they have a lowered ability to digest the fat rich liquid due to decreased lipase secretion for the first few months after birth. To offset this, breast milk itself contains Bile Salt-Stimulated Lipase (BSSL) which significantly heightens fat digestion ability....
Homebrewed ginger beer is a naturally fermented carbonated beverage that is flavored with ginger. Many people who make ginger beer at home, realized that it is a probiotic beverage which can aid in gastrointestinal health. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the microbiome of homebrewed ginger beer in...
Purpose: The purposes of this study are to determine the within subject and between subject effects of play markings, gross motor toys, and a larger play space on the physical activity of children with and without disabilities. Method: A group comparison design was implemented and a total of 12 children...
Platelet activation uses a complex set of pathways to respond to vascular injury during hemostasis. However, thrombosis relies on the same set of pathways. Antiplatelet therapies used to prevent thrombotic events often target the P2Y₁₂ platelet receptor for inhibition but can result in bleeding diathesis or in abnormally high ADP...
Platelets undergo morphological changes essential to hemostasis upon activation at sites of vascular injury. The Rho GTPases Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA drive these changes. Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) bind to the Rho GTPases to block the GDP from dissociating from the Rho GTPases, as well as anchoring the...
This investigation examines The Jetsons’ vision of the future and tracks to what extent the content of the show is relevant to the modern era, both technologically and socially. Much of the dazzling technology in the show feels familiar, and most of it is either already available or is in...
Nowadays, woody biomass is becoming increasingly significant because of its renewability and biodegradability. Lots of opportunities have been found to use excessive biological resources to derive products as diverse as fuels, heat, electricity, chemicals, food, clothing, paper, and much more. As such, biomass plays an important role in meeting demands...
BACKGROUND: Training pesticide applicators on how to understand a product’s toxicity to honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) by reading the product label is a way of reducing pesticide exposure to bees. Many applicator resources focus on how to interpret the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA’s) recommended language for communicating...
Pancreatic beta cells produce and release insulin, a vital hormone that regulates blood glucose levels, and their dysfunction contributes to the development of diabetes mellitus. Dietary zinc deficiency and exposure to the toxicant inorganic arsenic have both independently been associated with diabetes, although the effects of their combination on pancreatic...
The Remember Center (TRC) is a long term care center for previously trafficked children. In Ghana, there is a huge child trafficking problem because of the impoverished state the country is in and the lack of involvement from the government. With the fishing industry depleting because Lake Volta is running...
Marching band activities consist of both physically and cognitively demanding tasks. The demands that this activity has on players has largely been unstudied. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of players’ experience level, role, and gender on the workload of marching band players via a field...
Artificial Intelligence has gained resurgence in popularity through machine learning methods. This thesis investigates the current use of AI, the impact it will have on the economy and the ethical considerations for developing this technology. In the coming decade AI could increase global economic output over $10 Trillion. AI will...
Internal conflicts are detrimental to a country’s development for a number of reasons. Therefore, it is beneficial to identify the factors that lead to internal conflict. The three perspectives used to understand why internal conflicts occur are the systemic lens, the individualist perspective, and an interpretation that emphasizes the role...
Political Polarization in the United States is at a level higher today than at any point in the past few decades. Possible causes of this rise in polarization have been provided from various sources, including explanations such as mass media and income inequality. Through historical analysis and a wide literature...
Various methods, such as CUSUM charts and least square regression, exist in order to help analyze the trend of complex systems. However, the current methods are convoluted and lack accessibility for those without a strong statistical background. To address this disparity, the behavior of living systems first needs to be...
The unsustainable use of fresh water sources and unavailability of fresh water in certain parts of the world have created a demand for water desalination systems. Desalination methods are effective at producing consumable water, but often require large scale setups, high energy consumption, and careful maintenance. A team of students...
The fungal pathogen Cochliobolus victoriae, the causal agent of Victoria blight, produces a host-selective pathogenicity factor called victorin. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a dominant gene called "supersense" (SSN) confers constitutive victorin sensitivity at very low concentrations. SSN encodes a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat (NB-LRR) protein. In the SSN-carrying Heiligkreuztal 2 ecotype (TAIR Germplasm...
Modified ride-on cars are used by young children with disabilities for self-directed mobility. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to (1) determine the association between modified ride-on car driving time, family income, and primary caregiver education level; and (2) compare modified ride-on car driving time, family income, and primary...
The current knowledge on the microstructural evolutions and mechanical properties of selective laser melting (SLM) produced H13 tool steel components is limited. This research is focused on optimization of SLM processing parameters for H13 tool steel and investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of H13 tool steel components after SLM...
Freeze desalination poses as a potential solution to many of the issues that accompany current desalination methods. The research detailed in this manuscript involves creating and analyzing a numerical model of the freezing operation of an indirect contact freeze-melting (FM) desalination system. In this initial analysis, pure water is frozen...
Energy from offshore wind could provide substantial power generation if further utilized. One area of significant research focus is in developing floating offshore wind devices, which would allow for wind energy to be gathered in deep water where driven monopile turbines are infeasible. However, floating offshore wind is not currently...
Cytoplasmic dynein is a motor protein complex found in eukaryotes that is essential to many cellular processes. With dynein being involved in mitosis, axonal transport and organelle transport, disruption of dynein function can lead to neurodegeneration and other diseases. The main function of dynein is transportation of cargo through the...
The purpose of this report is to detail the design and validation of a prototype robot that feeds biomass into a range of small household cookstoves at a programmable rate. Improved design and testing methods for the development of improved biomass cookstoves are needed to design stoves that alleviate the...
A long-term energy storage technology is necessary to utilize Oregon’s curtailed renewable energy, an issue the state faces, even with a low percentage of renewable energy in the energy mix. This report proposes a system design that details how hydrogen power-to-gas technology can be used in conjunction with the existing...
Adults with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) are overrepresented in the homeless population, and Oregon’s homeless population has expanded in recent years. In the 1950s, the mentally ill were moved out of the state hospitals and into the community. However, due to a lack of support services in the...
On a global scale, illicit economies have dramatic impacts on the physical environment. Cocaine trafficking has been recognized as a major driver of deforestation inside Central American protected areas. A key problem in studying and managing the environmental impacts of illicit economic activity is the difficulty in obtaining reliable data....
Pulsed laser deposition was used to create 0.1-Bi(Zn₀.₅ Ti₀.₅)O₃-0.9-BaTiO₃ (BZT-BT) thin films to examine the effects of laser energy (2.25 or 2.5 J/cm²) , pulse frequency (2 Hz or 5 Hz), and deposition temperature (550, 600, 650, and 700°C) on the electrical properties of the films. These effects were analyzed...
Anime and manga’s general lack of brown and black characters may not seem unusual at first considering that the medium is produced in Japan by Japanese creators for Japanese audiences, and thus chiefly features Japanese characters. However, its significant proportion of white characters necessitates a more critical investigation of racial...
The United States is a global leader in agricultural productivity. Much of its productivity growth can be attributed to public investments in agricultural research and development, starting in the 19th century and continuing until today. Past studies have shown high returns to agricultural research investments, but publicly funded agricultural research...
Platygyra daedalea, a species of brain coral from the Persian Gulf, can withstand higher temperatures than other coral species. This attribute makes the species a potential model organism for thermal tolerance research. Genomic resources such as a linkage map of this species predict that there are 12 to 14 chromosomes...
The Amazon basin is a natural wonder of biodiversity that serves as one of the largest single carbon storage mechanisms in the world. For these reasons, preserving the Amazon and other similar forests is a worthy goal. Protecting these spaces is not possible without understanding the threats facing animal populations...
The total manufacturing cost for a part is determined by its process plan, and the total cost includes both processing and material handling costs. This research examines the cost impact of assuming an arbitrary layout when evaluating alternative process plans for production in a new facility. A designed experiment was...
Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is recommended for all individuals because of the benefits it provides to physical health, mental health, and overall quality of life (QoL). It is also recommended for children with developmental disabilities (DDs), which make up about 15% of all U.S. children ages 3-17 years. Previous studies...
The Oregon State University (OSU) Experimental Sounding Rocket Association (ESRA) 30k Rocket Team is a student run rocket team that competes in the Intercollegiate Rocket Engineering Competition at Spaceport America. The goal of the competition is to launch a student designed, manufactured, and tested experimental sounding rocket to 30,000 ft...
The Lean process improvement philosophy has been proposed as a method for improving components of Higher Education (HE), including student learning outcomes; however, current lean applications to HE have focused on administrative operations or general institutional interventions. Comparatively little work has been performed applying lean to teaching. This work fills...
A method for measuring the (dis)charging dynamics of organic semiconductors with single-electron resolution in multiple environments is developed using optical tweezers. A 1μm silica bead was coated with either a pristine organic semiconductor or an electron donor-acceptor blend, trapped using optical tweezers, and driven with an oscillating electrical driving force....
Goats were the first livestock species to be domesticated by humans and continue to function as a key source of protein and economic value for many communities. In the sixteenth century, Spanish colonists brought goats to the Americas. Unlike other nations, the United States did not maintain a significant market...
In the U.S., the number of people waiting for an organ donation is increasing exponentially while the number of registered donors is slowly rising. This discrepancy leads to a great number of people dying while waiting for an organ donor. The opt-in system, lack of education around donation, and having...
Camelid health and parasitology experts disagree on what a “safe” level of internal parasitism is in camelids. The objective was to determine the levels of parasitism in show camelids (llamas and alpacas). The hypothesis was that fecal egg counts (FEC) in camelid would differ based upon geographic location, species (llama...
Rather than focus intently on the text and its infrastructure, academics treat literature as an ossuary for theoretical machinations and thus relegate art to serve as a vehicle for erudite discourse. This thesis hopes to offer a counter by underscoring the ways in which texts subvert extra-textual applications. In disavowing...
Soil water repellency is one cause of rill soil erosion and overland flow that results in the loss of fertile topsoil. Previous research suggests that since microbial growth depends on temperature/moisture and follows diurnal and seasonal cycles, a biological mechanism would be able to explain the observed seasonality and climate...
Soil water repellency may be influenced by microbes whereby they produce aliphatic constituents (non-wetting materials) that coat the soil particles when they are subjected to desiccation stress.
Background: Training and quality assurance (QA) are important to high fidelity program implementation in practice settings but are rarely the focus of translation research. Thus, it is important to conduct studies that specifically address training and QA.
Methods: Using the maximum variation case study method, we examined training and QA...
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, causing a subsequent increase in insulin resistance (IR), metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Although these conditions significantly impact both the individual and society, their etiologies have not been discovered, inhibiting potential prevention and treatment. Alterations to mitochondrial metabolism are implicated in the development...
Natural products from plants, bacteria, and fungi play an important role in society. Over the last 35 years, natural products and their derivatives have inspired over 60% of all FDA approved small-molecule drugs, and are among the top prescribed therapeutics.1-2 Fleming’s discovery of the fungal antibiotic penicillin started the “Golden...
As nanoparticle (NP) research and development expands, the significance of NP biodistribution effects on toxicity increases. A reliable method for measuring NP biodistribution is critical. Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is capable of accurately quantitating NP biodistribution within embryonic zebrafish with incredibly high precision. Before HSI processing, the embryo must be sectioned...
Drone strikes have become a defining strategy in the US War on Terror. Since the first combat drone strike in 2001, the executive branch has intentionally increased the deployment of drones for counterterrorism operations throughout the Middle East and North Africa. This thesis explores the moral and legal justifications for...
The widespread use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in industrial applications and consumer products makes their release to the environment inevitable. Understanding the aggregation behavior of ENPs is crucial to understanding their fate, transport and toxicology in aquatic systems. This study investigated the comparability of experimentally-determined and model-estimated attachment efficiencies for...
In Islam, paying and receiving interest is prohibited based on the belief that money should not be a commodity that is “rented” out; instead, Islamic lending structures arrange loans on an equity basis. This work examines the historical origins of interest prohibition and explains how different Islamic financial products provide...
One of the most important components in the safety analysis of a nuclear reactor is its critical heat flux (CHF), as it can compromise the structural integrity of the clad and lead to the release of fission products into the primary coolant. Groeneveld et. al. has published a series of...
The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) is the newest method to paint a more accurate picture of the scope of poverty in the United States than the Official Poverty Measure (OPM). In doing so, the SPM includes many sources of income, including income from work and in-kind government supplemental policies. The...
Woodturner, artist, and scientist, Claudia Andersen, describes various anatomical features of wood, from the differences between softwoods and hardwoods to the various types of spalting. Over the past year, they have learned and developed their skills in woodturning. In this project, they accompany one woodturned piece with a description of...
In this piece of original work, I employ a Kunderian approach to fiction. The purpose of my novel is to examine how the causative element, a pivotal moment of change for a cast of characters, changes spatially and temporally. In Posthumously Yours, I explore themes of trauma, loss, and grief...
A decline in the oxygen cost of exercise enhances exercise tolerance and performance. Substantial research has shown that dietary nitrate lowers the oxygen cost of exercise in sedentary humans; however, the metabolic determinants regarding how dietary nitrate influences oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle is not known. We addressed this gap...
Over the past decade, it has come to light that many published scientific findings cannot be reproduced. This has led to the replication crisis in science. Many researchers feel that they can no longer trust much of what they read in scientific journals, and the public is becoming ever more...
Thermodynamic properties of systems are often investigated computationally. Traditionally, thermal physics simulations are limited by their very small energy ranges and slow convergence. Broad histogram algorithms are a class of Monte Carlo algorithms that can explore an entire energy (and temperature) range in one thermal physics simulation: potentially saving months...
Paper microfluidic devices are capable of processing fluids using capillary flow in materials that are lower cost than the standard materials used in microfluidics. Due to the low cost of their fabrication and minimal requirements for instrumentation, paper microfluidic devices are ideal for use in low-resource settings. They have the...
Disease control is a crucial aspect of plant breeding for researchers as well as commercial producers. After samples from OSU's tomato breeding program tested positive for Columnea latent viroid in a screen done by a private company, secondary testing was done by the USDA laboratory in Corvallis which suggested that...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a pressing global health issue with approximately one third of the world’s population infected by this bacterium. As one of the most dangerous infectious diseases, it has killed approximately 1.7 million people of all ages around the world per year (World Health Organization, 2016). Currently, several drugs...
Microfluidics is an evolving field that focuses on the manipulation of small fluid volumes. Because of its micron-sized features, it is the basis for many lab-on-chip and point-of-care diagnostic devices. The devices are predominantly molded from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS); however, production is a multi-hour or multi-day process that typically requires clean...
A lead slowing-down spectrometer (LSDS) was modeled in the hopes of beginning a nuclear data development campaign at Oregon State University. An LSDS can be used for neutron interrogation techniques, such as determining isotopic inventory of a sample of unknown components or determining the cross section of a sample of...
Many domesticated animals, especially dogs, are selectively bred within a small population to select for and “fix” certain traits. This leads to decreasing genetic diversity and the potential for inherited health issues over time. The Saluki is a relatively rare breed of dog in the U.S. The Society for the...
The measurement of extensional viscosity is important in many chemical, biomedical, agricultural, and engineering applications. The determination of extensional viscosity is generally difficult, expensive, and inaccessible outside of research labs. The development of a smartphone application (app) that could use a phone’s high-speed camera to measure this parameter could open...
Not many people in Russia have been able to successfully create an opposition movement under the presidency of Vladimir Putin. Opposition is already hard in any country, but things are especially difficult in Russia. Putin has made protest regulations, stifled the independent media, and excessively utilized selective rule by law....
Earthquake rupture scenarios are important tools for understanding the nature of plate movement and patterns in seismic activity. The creation and assessment of these rupture scenarios rely heavily on geologic reasoning and principles applied to earthquake event data. This reliance introduces a certain amount of subjectivity to the rupture scenario...
Metamix is a mixture of botanical compounds that promote healing and prevent infection for burns and diabetic ulcers. In this thesis, metamix was incorporated into 1.75 weight percent gellan gum hydrogels as a drug delivery method for burned skin. The ideal concentration of metamix was 25% by solution volume for...
Pulse Oximetry is a technology used ubiquitously across the medical field for measuring oxygen saturation and heart rate monitoring. In this project a system was developed to use a new technology for pulse oximetry: single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). This work outlines the development process and experimental results of a SPAD...
Recently local grains have become an area of economic growth. Local grain products, including whole-wheat and sourdough products, are increasingly in demand for their health benefits, unique flavor profiles, and association with local food movements. These local grain economies are beginning to boom, but they lack the technical aid that...
This study was conducted to determine if a time-integrated Phillips sampler was able to estimate sediment yield when compared to a reference produced by an automated sampler. Time-integrated samplers are easier to use, more cost effective, and can withstand storm events better than automated samplers, but are not designed to...