Questions: Are traits related to the performance of plant species in restoration? Are the relationships between traits and performance consistent across the functional groups of annual forbs, perennial forbs, and grasses? Do the relationships between traits and performance depend on neighboring functional groups? Location: A former agricultural field, being restored...
The crooked stems of some individuals of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) can hinder volume recovery and wood quality. To infer causes of crookedness and to learn how angle affects compression wood (CW) formation we studied 4+1-year old trees in southern Chile. Eight initially straight and 8 initially crooked...
Turbulent mixing of salt is examined in a shallow salt wedge estuary with strong fluvial and tidal forcing. A numerical model of the Merrimack River estuary is used to quantify turbulent stress, shear production, and buoyancy flux. Little mixing occurs during flood tides despite strong velocities because bottom boundary layer...
As global climate changes over the next century, forest productivity is expected to change as well. Using PRISM climate and productivity data measured on a grid of 3356 plots, we developed a simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) model to estimate the impacts of climate change on potential productivity of Pacific Northwest (PNW)...
Wood and wood-based composites are being used extensively in single-family residential dwellings. Therefore, it is important to categorize their response when exposed to elevated temperatures for a sustained period of time. In fire-resistant design for wood structures, the main goal is to ensure that enough structural integrity is maintained, during...
The concept of sustainable resource management can be applied at multiple scales.
Monitoring is an essential component of sustainable natural resource management
schemes, and as we begin to confront the need to manage natural resources at the
global scale, the importance of monitoring at the global scale is also growing....
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of worldwide mobile usage; mobile technologies; libraries' use of mobile technologies including a review of library mobile catalog options, both vendor-supplied and in-house created; perspectives from current library leaders and innovators on the importance of incorporating...
Given the fundamental importance of xylem safety and efficiency for plant survival and fitness, it is not surprising that these are among the most commonly studied features of hydraulic architecture. However, much remains to be learned about the nature and universality of conflicts between hydraulic safety and efficiency. Although selection...
Genetic information for male and female hop accessions is limited, hampering
parental selection to maximize offspring productivity. Our objective
was to determine whether amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)-derived genetic distance (GD[subscript mm]) estimates and coancestry estimates from
pedigrees (GS[subscript ped]) between parental pairs could be used to predict offspring
performance....
The coded wire tag (CWT) database contains detailed information on millions of Pacific salmon
Oncorhynchus spp. released from hatcheries or smolt traps and recovered in the north Pacific Ocean and its tributaries. I used this data set to examine the spatial and temporal variation in the marine distributions of 77...
The amounts of treated wood present at a wood recycling center in western Oregon were surveyed over a 10-year period. Treated wood was found at 106 of 112 inspections, but the levels never exceeded 2 percent of the volume present. The amount of treated wood averaged 0.15 percent of the...
Research has found an upward trend in impulse buying in general, and impulse buying is frequently foreseen among mall shoppers. Impulse purchases account for over $4 billion in annual sales in the U.S. (Mogelonsky, 1998). Retailers have found that over 50 percent of mall shoppers purchase on impulse (Nichols et...
In 2002, oxygen isotope ratios of water (H2
18O/H2
16O), dissolved barium, and salinity were
measured in surface waters around northern North America to identify freshwater sources and to
provide a large-scale background for interpretation of regional inputs and processes. Oxygen isotope
ratios showed that precipitation, river runoff, and sea...
Thiamine diphosphate (vitamin B1) plays a fundamental role as an enzymatic cofactor in universal metabolic pathways including glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In addition, thiamine diphosphate has recently been shown to have functions other than as a cofactor in response to abiotic and biotic stress...
Goals of this preliminary study are to better understand (1) earthquake performance of wood-frame shear walls carrying gravity loads, compared with walls without gravity load, and (2) performance of walls subjected to a sequence of earthquake motions, compared with walls subjected to a single earthquake.
Tests with simulated earthquake ground...
It is commonly accepted in the analysis of wood beams that the neutral axis coincides with the beam's centroid. However, wood is not an isotropic material, has different elastic properties in the tangential, radial and longitudinal directions, and is non-homogeneous, as it contains characteristics such as knots. Therefore, there is...
• Coniferous, diffuse‐porous and ring‐porous trees vary in their xylem anatomy, but the functional consequences of these differences are not well understood from the scale of the conduit to the individual.
• Hydraulic and anatomical measurements were made on branches and trunks from 16 species from temperate and tropical areas,...
This study examines the impact of two decades of neoliberal policy reform on food production and household livelihood security in three West African countries. The rice sectors in The Gambia, Côte d’Ivoire, and Mali are scrutinized as well as cotton and its relationship to sorghum production in Mali. Although market...
We present an inverse modeling framework designed to constrain CO2 budgets at regional scales. The approach captures atmospheric transport processes in high spatiotemporal resolution by coupling a mesoscale model with Lagrangian Stochastic backward trajectories. Terrestrial biosphere CO₂ emissions are generated through a simple diagnostic flux model that splits the net...
We present an atmospheric inverse modeling framework to constrain terrestrial biosphere CO₂ exchange processes at subregional scales. The model is operated at very high spatial and temporal resolution, using the state of Oregon in the northwestern United States as the model domain. The modeling framework includes mesoscale atmospheric simulations coupled...
The effects of surface wind speed and direction gradients on midlatitude surface vorticity and divergence fields associated with mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) variability having spatial scales of 100–1000 km are investigated using vector wind observations from the SeaWinds scatterometer on the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite and SST from the...
The relative importance of density, acoustic velocity, and microfibril angle (MFA) for the prediction of the stiffness (MOE) and strength (MOR) has not been well established for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). MOE and MOR of small clear specimens of mature wood were better predicted by density and velocity than by either...
Marine and terrestrial ecologists rarely exchange information, yet comparing research from both sides of the land–sea boundary holds great potential for improving our understanding of ecological processes. For example, by comparing the interaction between tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) and dugongs (Dugong dugon) to that between gray wolves (Canis lupus) and...
This article presents the results of an exploratory study asking faculty in the first-year writing
program and instruction librarians about their research process focusing on results specifically
related to serendipity. Steps to prepare for serendipity are highlighted as well as a model for
incorporating serendipity into a first-year writing course.
Throughout the western United States, the invasive annual grass, medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae L. Nevski), is rapidly invading grasslands once dominated by native perennial grasses, such as bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A). It is also invading grasslands dominated by less undesirable invasive annual grasses, especially cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.). Understanding...
The spatial variability of turbulence and surface heat flux are examined for the case of small air-surface temperature difference and modest sea-surface temperature variability. As a result of nonlinearities in the bulk formula, the heterogeneity is predicted to shift the area-averaged heat flux toward more significant upward values compared to...
The immune toxicity of the ubiquitous environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), commonly referred to as dioxin, has been studied for over 35 years but only recently has the profound immune suppression induced by TCDD exposure been linked to induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The effects of TCDD are mediated through...
Advective skew dispersion is a natural Markov process defined ned
by a di ffusion with drift across an interface of jump discontinuity in
a piecewise constant diff usion coeffcient. In the absence of drift this
process may be represented as a function of -skew Brownian motion
for a uniquely determined...
Of 14 transgenic poplar genotypes (Populus tremula × Populus alba) with antisense 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase that were grown in the field for 2 years, five that had substantial lignin reductions also had greatly reduced xylem-specific conductivity compared with that of control trees and those transgenic events with small reductions in...
Intraexciton transitions in semiconductor quantum wells are modulated by strong and tunable few-cycle terahertz pulses. Time-resolved terahertz-pump and optical-probe measurements demonstrate that the 1s heavy-hole and light-hole exciton resonances undergo large-amplitude spectral modulations when the terahertz radiation is tuned near the 1s–2p intraexciton transition. The strong nonlinear optical transients exhibit...
The Oregon ExplorerTM (www.oregonexplorer.info) strives to support informed decisions and actions by people concerned with Oregon's natural resources and environment. The Oregon Explorer's multi-media environment integrates archived digital documents, mapping and decision support tools, and finding aids for specific natural resource issues and topics. This paper presents the chronology of...
Satellite observations have revealed a remarkably strong positive correlation between sea surface temperature (SST) and surface winds on oceanic mesoscales of 10–1000 km. Although SST influence on the atmosphere had previously been identified from several in situ observational studies, its widespread existence in regions of strong SST gradients throughout the...
Most of the kinetic energy of ocean circulation is contained in ubiquitous
mesoscale eddies. Their prominent signatures in sea surface height have rendered satellite
altimetry highly effective in observing global ocean eddies. Our knowledge of ocean eddy
dynamics has grown by leaps and bounds since the advent of satellite altimetry...
A library’s Web site is well-recognized as the gateway to the library for the vast majority of users. Choosing the most user-friendly Web architecture to reflect the many services libraries offer is a complex process, and librarians are still experimenting with what works best for their users. As part of...
While the impacts of long-term climate change trends on glacier hydrology have received much attention, little has been done to quantify direct glacier runoff contributions to streamflow. This paper presents an approach for determining glacier runoff contributions to streamflow and estimating the effects of increased temperature and decreased glacier area...
Sixteen sampling alternatives were examined for their performance to quantify selected attributes of overstory conifers in riparian areas of western Oregon. Each alternative was examined at eight headwater forest locations based on a 0.52 ha square stem maps. The alternatives were evaluated for selected stand attributes (trees per hectare, basal...
Transacting siRNA (tasiRNA) biogenesis in Arabidopsis is initiated
by microRNA (miRNA) –guided cleavage of primary transcripts. In
the case of TAS3 tasiRNA formation, ARGONAUTE7 (AGO7)–
miR390 complexes interact with primary transcripts at two sites,
resulting in recruitment of RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE6
for dsRNA biosynthesis. An extensive screen for Arabidopsis mutants...
Flowering is the primary trait affected by ambient
temperature changes. Plant microRNAs
(miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs playing an
important regulatory role in plant development. In
this study, to elucidate the mechanism of
flowering-time regulation by small RNAs, we
identified six ambient temperature-responsive
miRNAs (miR156, miR163, miR169, miR172, miR398
and...
The dynamical response of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) to mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) perturbations is investigated over the Agulhas Return Current during winter from a 1-month, high-resolution, three-dimensional simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model. A steady lower boundary condition for July 2002 is...
Hip torque production is associated with certain knee injuries. The hip
rotators change function depending on hip angle. Objective: To compare hip-rotator
torque production between 3 angles of hip flexion, limbs, and sexes. Design:
Descriptive. Setting: University sports medicine research laboratory. Participants:
15 men and 15 women, 19–39 y. Intervention:...
A solid, crystalline fumigant (dazomet) with and without a supplemental copper compound was evaluated as an internal decay control treatment on Douglas-fir poles in two long-term field tests. Methylisothiocyanate (MITC), the decomposition
product of dazomet, was used as a measure of effectiveness. MITC levels in the wood were above the...
In 1976, John D. Isaacs proposed to use wave energy to invert the density structure of the ocean and pump deep, nutrient-rich water into the sunlit surface layers. The basic principle is simple: a length of tubing attached to a surface buoy at the top, and a one-way valve at...
Cumulative loss of habitat and long-term decline in the populations of the Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) have led to concerns for the species’ viability throughout its range in the southern Great Plains. For more efficient conservation past and present distributions of genetic variation need to be understood. We examined the...
We tracked three groups of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss smolts implanted with acoustic transmitters to determine whether the degree of hatchery domestication or the juvenile rearing environment (hatchery raceway versus natural stream) influenced migration timing and survival in the Alsea River and estuary, Oregon. Two groups consisted of age-1 smolts reared...
River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems (RISE) is the first comprehensive
interdisciplinary study of the rates and dynamics governing the mixing of river and coastal
waters in an eastern boundary current system, as well as the effects of the resultant plume
on phytoplankton standing stocks, growth and grazing rates, and community...
This paper details the historical coastal evolution of the Columbia River littoral cell in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Geological data from A.D. 1700 and records leading up to the late 1800s provide insights to the natural system dynamics prior to significant human intervention, most notably jetty construction...
Corrections
18 Mar 2010: Shaman J, Pitzer VE, Viboud C, Grenfell BT, Lipsitch M (2010) Correction: Absolute Humidity and the Seasonal Onset of Influenza in the Continental United States. PLOS Biology 8(3): 10.1371/annotation/35686514-b7a9-4f65-9663-7baefc0d63c0.
15 Mar 2010: Shaman J, Pitzer VE, Viboud C, Grenfell BT, Lipsitch M (2010) Correction: Absolute Humidity...
Vailulu’u seamount is an active underwater volcano that marks the end of the Samoan hotspot trail (Hart et al., 2000). Vailulu’u has a simple conical morphology (Figure 1) with a largely enclosed volcanic crater at relatively shallow water depths, ranging from 590 m (highest point on the crater rim) to...
We quantified the juvenile rearing and migratory patterns of individuals from a population of fall-spawning Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Oregon's Salmon River estuary using otolith microchemistry and microstructure. The study confirmed the daily periodicity of otolith growth increments in a natural fish population under field conditions and validated fundamental...
Recent analysis of 38 globally distributed paleoclimatic records covering Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) 60–26 ka demonstrated that the two leading empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) explaining the data are the Greenland ice-core signal (“northern” signal) and the Antarctic ice-core signal (“southern” signal). Here singular spectral analysis (SSA) is used...
Tree-ring analysis was applied to assess the impacts of the fungal disease Swiss needle
cast on the radial growth of mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests in the
western Oregon Coast Range. Although considered endemic to the Pacific Northwest,
Swiss needle cast has significantly lowered productivity in Douglas-fir forests only in...
Seamounts are windows into the deep Earth that are helping to
elucidate various deep Earth processes. For example, thermal and mechanical
properties of oceanic lithosphere can be determined from the flexing of oceanic
crust caused by the growth of seamounts on top of it. Seamount trails also are
excellent recorders...
Seamount research, more often than not,
is carried out by highly specialized science
teams with narrowly focused science objectives.
As a result, different seamount science
disciplines often do not collaborate or are
not even aware of each other. However, it is
obvious that interdisciplinary collaboration
is the most successful approach...
Small-scale urban natural parks have the potential to contribute to the health and well-being of urban communities. Although recreation researchers have seldom focused on such areas, recreation research theory can be successfully applied to urban natural parks, especially if augmented by the application of social capital and social networks theory....
Lō`ihi Seamount defines the volcanically active, leading edge in the Hawaiian hotspot chain. It is located on the submarine flank of Mauna Loa, 30 km south of the island of Hawai`i. Lō`ihi’s summit is at 975-m water depth (Pisces Peak), and the seamount has a pronounced southern rift that extends...
Reading through this issue of Oceanography, it will become
apparent that researchers in different disciplines see their
seamounts in quite different ways. The term seamount has been
defined many times (e.g., Menard, 1964; Wessel, 2001; Schmidt and
Schmincke, 2000; Pitcher et al., 2007; International Hydrographic
Organization, 2008; Wessel et al.,...
Seamounts are ubiquitous features of the seafloor that form part of the fabric of oceanic crust. When a seamount enters a subduction zone, it has a major affect on forearc morphology, the uplift history of the island arc, and the structure of the downgoing slab. It is not known, however,...
Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(aspartate-hydrazide) (PEG-p(Asp-Hyd)) was modified using either levulinic acid (LEV) or 4-acetyl benzoic acid (4AB) attached via hydrazone bonds. Paclitaxel (PTX) conjugated to the linkers formed PEG-p(Asp-Hyd-LEV-PTX) and PEG-p(Asp-Hyd-4AB-PTX). PEG-p(Asp-Hyd-LEV-PTX) and PEG-p(Asp-Hyd-4AB-PTX) assemble into unimodal polymeric micelles with diameters of 42 nm and 137 nm, respectively. PEG-p(Asp-Hyd-LEV-PTX) and PEG-p(Asp-Hyd-4AB-PTX) at...
This study examined relations among early family risk, children’s behavioral regulation at 54
months and kindergarten, and academic achievement in first grade using data on 1,298 children
from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early
Child Care and Youth Development. Family risk was indexed...
Collocated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery and
Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) 532 nm
total attenuated backscatter coefficients were used to identify 50 km scale segments
for ocean regions that had only a single layer of marine stratocumulus. On the basis of
whether the underlying ocean...
In this paper the authors investigate the action of ambient turbulence on thermohaline interleaving using both theory and numerical calculations in combination with observations from Meddy Sharon and the Faroe Front. The highly simplified models of ambient turbulence used previously are improved upon by allowing turbulent diffusivities of momentum, heat,...
The effects of precommercial thinning on the understory vegetative cover of 16- to 18-year-old spruce–hemlock (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière – Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) stands were studied in seven replicate areas over seven growing seasons postthinning. Vegetative cover was analyzed at the class level, but species-specific effects were examined in...
At Oregon State University (OSU) Libraries, librarians are evaluating the decade-old information commons in the transition to a learning commons. Visits to commons spaces at libraries across the country provided perspective on this transition. This paper describes the development of the OSU Libraries Information Commons, identifies themes from our trips...
Internal tides on the continental shelf can be intermittent as a result of changing hydrographic conditions
associated with wind-driven upwelling. In turn, the internal tide can affect transports associated with upwelling.
To study these processes, simulations in an idealized, alongshore uniform setup are performed utilizing
the hydrostatic Regional Ocean Modeling...
The Critical Depth Hypothesis formalized by Sverdrup in 1953 posits that
vernal phytoplankton blooms occur when surface mixing shoals to a depth shallower than a
critical depth horizon defining the point where phytoplankton growth exceeds losses. This
hypothesis has since served as a cornerstone in plankton ecology and reflects the...
Electric and magnetic fields in the (10−4–1.0) Hz band were monitored at two sites
adjacent to the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield and Hollister, California, from 1995 to
2007. A data window (2002–2005), enclosing the 28 September 2004 M6 Parkfield
earthquake, was analyzed to determine if anomalous electric or magnetic...
Double excitonic absorption peaks are observed in textured BaCuSF and BaCuSeF thin films. The excitonic doublet separation increases with increasing fraction of heavy chalcogen in the thin-film solid solutions, in good agreement with the spin-orbit splitting of the valence bands calculated by density-functional theory. In BaCuSF and BaCuSeF, the excitons...
In situ photoemission spectroscopy experiments are used to characterize the interface between ZnTe and the wide band gap p-type semiconductor BaCuSeF. The contact is characterized by a null valence-band offset, a large conduction-band offset, and a chemically graded interface. By applying the transitivity rule for band offset and on the...
Comprehensive observations of velocity, density, and
turbulent dissipation permit quantification of the nonlinear
internal wave (NLIW) contribution to vertical heat flux and
lateral mass transport over New Jersey’s shelf. The effect of
NLIWs on the shelf heat budget was significant. On
average, heat flux in NLIWs was 10 times larger...
Comprehensive observations of velocity, density, and
turbulent dissipation permit quantification of the nonlinear
internal wave (NLIW) contribution to vertical heat flux and
lateral mass transport over New Jersey’s shelf. The effect of
NLIWs on the shelf heat budget was significant. On
average, heat flux in NLIWs was 10 times larger...
A novel swine-origin H1N1 influenza A virus has been identified as the cause of the 2009 influenza pandemic in humans. Since then, infections with the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus have been documented in a number of animal species. The first known cases of lethal respiratory disease associated with pandemic...
Sea surface temperature variations along the entire U.S. East Coast from 1875 to 2007 are characterized using a collection of historical observations from lighthouses and lightships combined with recent buoy and shore-based measurements. Long-term coastal temperature trends are warming in the Gulf of Maine [1.0° ± 0.3°C (100 yr)⁻¹] and...
The intraseasonal variability of turbulent surface heat fluxes over the Gulf Stream extension and subtropical mode water regions of the North Atlantic, and long-term trends in these fluxes, are explored using NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. Wintertime sensible and latent heat fluxes from these surface waters are characterized by episodic high flux events...
Borehole temperature profiles provide a record of ground surface temperature (GST)
change at the decadal to centennial time scale. GST histories reconstructed from boreholes
are particularly useful in climate reconstruction if changes in GST and surface air
temperature (SAT) are effectively coupled at decadal and longer time periods and it...
We examine the relation between δ¹⁸O in rainwater collected in southwestern Oregon
and climate variables including temperature, parcel trajectory, precipitation amount, and
specific humidity. Local surface air temperature at the time of sample collection explains a
large proportion of δ¹⁸O variability, suggesting that paleoclimatic archives that are related
to rainfall...
BaCuChF (Ch=S,Se,Te) surfaces and BaCuSeF interfaces with zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) were studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. BaCuChF compounds oxidize when exposed to ambient atmosphere. Se capping layers were studied as a means to produce representative surfaces for photoelectron spectroscopic measurements. Decapped BaCuSeF surfaces remain O-free and C-free when the Se layer...
Volcanic samples collected with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's ROV Tiburon from eight seamounts at the continental margin offshore central to southern California comprise a diverse suite of mainly alkalic basalt to trachyte but also include rare tholeiitic basalt and basanite. All samples experienced complex crystal fractionation probably near...
Time‐dependent buoyant plumes form at the outflow of tidally dominated estuaries. When estuary discharge velocity exceeds plume internal wave speed c, a sharp front forms at the plume’s leading edge that expands from the time‐dependent source. Using observations of the Columbia River tidal plume from multiple tidal cycles we characterize...
Test taking is a humiliating experience for many students, with no perceived direct educational benefit. That need not be so. When circumstances allow, I use a two-pen method of collaborative testing. Students have told me that they leave the exam having figured out what they didn’t understand, filled in the...
A topic of recurring interest in ecological research is the degree to which
vegetation structure influences the distribution and abundance of species. Here we test the
applicability of remote sensing, particularly novel use of waveform lidar measurements, for
quantifying the habitat heterogeneity of a contiguous northern hardwoods forest in the...
Marine renewable energy promises to assist in the effort to reduce
carbon emissions worldwide. As with any large-scale development in the marine
environment, however, it comes with uncertainty about potential environmental
impacts, most of which have not been adequately evaluated—in part because many of
the devices have yet to be...
Accurate methods are needed to measure changing soil water content from meter to kilometer scales. Laboratory results demonstrate the feasibility of the heat pulse method implemented with fiber optic temperature sensing to obtain accurate distributed measurements of soil water content. A fiber optic cable with an electrically conductive armoring was...
Through its role in the energy and water balances at the land surface, soil moisture is a key state variable in surface hydrology and land-atmosphere interactions. Point observations of soil moisture are easy to make using established methods such as time domain reflectometry and gravimetric sampling. However, monitoring large-scale variability...
Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) is an important component of fisheries and food webs in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. However, vital rates of early life stages of this species have yet to be described in detail. We determined the thermal sensitivity of growth rates of embryos, pref lexion...
The tidally varying circulation, stratification, and salt flux mechanisms are
investigated in a shallow salt wedge estuary where fluvial and tidal velocities are large and
the steady baroclinic circulation is comparatively weak. The study integrates field
observations and numerical simulations of the Merrimack River estuary. At moderate to
high discharge...
New analyses of teleseismic body waves from moderate earthquakes in western Argentina demonstrate that active shortening of the Andean foreland occurs on reverse faults extending to 40–50 km depth. Existing crustal‐scale models of foreland deformation invoke thin‐skinned fault geometries, which root into an east‐dipping mid‐crustal décollement. Whereas thin‐skinned thrust sheets...
Uptake ofHNO₃ onto cirrus ice may play an important role in tropospheric NOx cycling. Discrepancies between modeled and in situ measurements of gas‐phase HNO₃ in the troposphere suggest that redistribution and removal mechanisms by cirrus ice have been poorly constrained. Limited in situ measurements have provided somewhat differing results and...
The method used to separate surface and internal tides ultimately defines properties such as internal‐tide generation and the depth structure of internal‐tide energy flux. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of several surface‐/internal‐tide decompositions over arbitrary topography. In all decompositions, surface‐tide velocity is expressed as the depth average of total...
We used reverse time capture-mark-recapture models to describe associations between rate of population change (λ) and climate for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) at six long-term study areas in Washington and Oregon, USA. Populations in three of six areas showed strong evidence of declining populations, while populations in two...
Knowledge of cloud and precipitation formation processes remains
incomplete, yet global precipitation is predominantly produced by
clouds containing the ice phase. Ice first forms in clouds warmer
than −36 °C on particles termed ice nuclei. We combine observations
from field studies over a 14-year period, from a variety of
locations...
Intercellular transport of viruses through cytoplasmic connections, termed plasmodesmata (PD), is essential for systemic infection in plants by viruses. Previous genetic and ultrastructural data revealed that the potyvirus cyclindrical inclusion (CI) protein is directly involved in cell-to-cell movement, likely through the formation of conical structures anchored to and extended through...
High‐resolution surveys of oceanographic and atmospheric conditions made during the
winter over the inner shelf off northwest Australia are used to examine the coastal ocean
response to large outgoing heat and freshwater fluxes. Relatively cool, low‐humidity air
blows off the Australian continent out over the tropical continental shelf, resulting in...
Aerosol concentrations and 3-D winds were measured from 9 to 25 September 2007, above a pine forest in California. The measurements were combined using the eddy covariance (EC) technique to determine aerosol eddy fluxes as a function of particle diameter within the accumulation mode size range (0.25 μm≤D[subscript]p≤1 μm here)....
It is well known that numerical simulations of freshwater discharges produce plumes that spread in the
direction opposite to that of the propagation of coastally trapped waves (the upstream direction). The lack of
a theory explaining these motions in unforced environments deemed the numerical results suspect. Thus, it
became a...
This article seeks to make a compelling case for authors’ rights training through emphasis on academic librarians’ dual roles as both authors and as liaisons to research and teaching faculty. Using the example of the Rights Well Workshop developed at Oregon State University Libraries, the article demonstrates the value of...
Six different SST analyses are compared with each other and with buoy data for the period 2007–08. All analyses used different combinations of satellite data [for example, infrared Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and microwave Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) instruments] with different algorithms, spatial resolution, etc. The analyses...
This note considers the decay of a bottom-trapped freshwater plume after the causative freshwater inflow
has ceased. It is shown that shortly after the low-density inflow stops, the barotropic pressure field that it
created radiates away and the ocean circulation becomes controlled by baroclinic pressure gradients generated
by the remnants...
Humans, in conjunction with natural top-down processes and through a sequence of cascading trophic interactions, may have contributed
to the Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions. The arrival of the first humans, as hunters and scavengers, through top-down forcing, could have
triggered a population collapse of large herbivores and their predators. We present...