Most climate models predict a weakening of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation for the 21st century when forced by increasing levels of greenhouse gas concentrations. The model spread, however, is rather large, even when the forcing scenario is identical, indicating a large uncertainty in the response to forcing. In order...
Sequence data from nrITS and cpDNA have failed to fully resolve phylogenetic relationships among Pinus species. Four low‐copy nuclear genes, developed from the screening of 73 mapped conifer anchor loci, were sequenced from 12 species representing all subsections. Individual loci do not uniformly support either the nrITS or cpDNA hypotheses...
Form skipping has been used to help injured athletes progress to running.
Because little research has been done on form-skipping mechanics, its justifi cation
as a progression to running exercises is unclear. Objective: To compare groundreaction
forces (GRF) during form skipping and running in healthy subjects at
clinically relevant speeds,...
Reprinted November 2005. Reviewed 07/07/14. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This article presents a semianalytic method to investigate the properties of energy transmission across bottom topography by barotropic Rossby waves. The method is first used to revisit the analytical estimates derived from wave-matching techniques and Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximations. The comparison between the semianalytic method and WKB indicates that the results...
One of the most important tools we have been using at the Malheur Agricultural Experiment Station over the past two decades is the granular matrix sensor (GMS, Watermark Soil Moisture Sensor, Irrometer Co., Riverside, CA), which measures soil moisture. It is only about 3 inches long and normally is buried...
The Plant Ontology Consortium (POC) (www.plantontology.org) is a collaborative
effort among several plant databases and experts in plant systematics, botany
and genomics. A primary goal of the POC is to develop simple yet robust
and extensible controlled vocabularies that accurately reflect the biology of plant
structures and developmental stages. These...
Published October 2005. Reviewed September 2013. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised October 2005. Reviewed September 2013. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Older people need various degrees of assistance with financial matters. Some need minimal help; for example, help with reading the fine print on bills and financial forms or preparing checks for signature. Others, who are homebound but able to direct their personal finances, may need someone to carry out their...
The listing of many Pacific Northwest anadromous fish stocks as threatened or endangered has heightened the need to protect or enhance the health of entire river systems. Salmon, steelhead, and other anadromous fish swim from the ocean to the headwaters of their home river, where they spawn. Their young hatch...
The physical demands of rapid and economical running differ from the demands of fighting in ways that may prevent the simultaneous evolution of optimal performance in these two behaviors. Here, we test an hypothesis of functional trade-off in limb bones by measuring mechanical properties of limb bones in two breeds...
A primitive equation model is used to study the finite-amplitude evolution of instabilities associated with the coastal upwelling front. Simulations of increasing complexity are examined that represent idealizations of summer conditions off the Oregon coast, including cases with steady and with time-variable wind in a domain with alongshore-uniform bathymetry and...
Results from a model of wind-driven circulation are analyzed to study spatial and temporal variability in
the bottom mixed layer (BML) on the mid-Oregon shelf in summer 2001. The model assimilates acoustic
Doppler profiler velocities from two cross-shore lines of moorings 90 km apart to provide improved
accuracy of near-bottom...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an extensive class of noncoding genes that regulate gene expression through
posttranscriptional repression. Given the potential for large viral genomes to encode these transcripts, we
examined the human cytomegalovirus AD169 genome for miRNAs using a bioinformatics approach. We
identified 406 potential stem-loops, of which 110 were conserved...
Well-defined fronts develop at the seaward edge of riverine plumes where suspended materials and planktonic organisms are concentrated by convergent water flows. Riverine plume fronts have been hypothesized to be favorable fish habitats because they can lead to localized prey
aggregations. We examined the spatial distribution of juvenile Pacific salmonids...
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a perennial, dioecious species in which the female inflorescence (cones) are harvested and used in the beer-brewing process to impart bittering and/or flavoring to beer. Hop breeders have typically utilized clonal selection and hybridization to develop new cultivars. The use of genetically diverse parents for...
Invertebrates are an important food source for grouse chicks, especially within the first 2 weeks of life. Invertebrate abundance is highly patchy and dependent upon herbaceous cover and vegetation structure. We examined the relationship between invertebrate biomass (from sweepnet samples) and habitat structure at lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) brood-use and...
Dramatic changes in the physical and biological conditions off Washington and Oregon, USA, have occurred since 1998, including extreme El Niño (warm) and La Niña (cool) years, high and low Columbia River flow years, a major intrusion of subarctic water, and a low oxygen event on the shelf. The occurrence...
Tall fescue is grown for turf or forage seed on a broad range of soils in western Oregon. Typical seed yield is 1,200 to 2,000 lb/acre. Higher yields do not require additional nutrients beyond amounts recommended in this guide. These recommendations, especially for nitrogen, are adequate for production of more...
Perennial ryegrass is grown for turf or forage seed on a broad range of soils in western Oregon. All perennial ryegrass varieties are similar in their nutrient requirements. Typical seed yield is between 1,400 and 1,800 lb/acre.
Higher seed yields (up to 2,500 lb/acre) may be produced on better soils,...
The Rural Science Education Program is a partnership between Oregon State University and local rural K–12 schools for enrichment of the science curriculum with hands on science activities. The curricula include simple, innovative inquiry- and site-based experiments that encourage critical thinking in K–12 students about the impacts of agriculture on...
The Moult Rate (MR) method has been used widely to derive stage-specific growth rates in juvenile copepods. It is the most common field-based method. Unfortunately, the equation underlying the method is wrong and, consequently, large errors in juvenile growth rate estimates are widespread. The equation derives growth from the mean...
Hop (Humulus lupulus L. var. lupulus) is grown worldwide for the production of the dried female inflorescence (strobulus), or cones, used principally for the bittering and flavoring of beer. Information is scant on the inheritance of traits of economic importance in hop, and present knowledge is based on historical data...
Age-1 and age-2 Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis were exposed to a range of times in air (0-60 min) and air temperatures (10 degrees C or 16 degrees C) that simulated conditions on deck after capture to test for correspondence among responses in plasma constituents and mortality. Pacific halibut mortality generally...
This paper presents a detailed study of a single thunderstorm anvil cirrus cloud measured on 21 July 2002
near southern Florida during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers–Florida Area
Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE). NASA WB-57F and University of North Dakota Citation aircraft
tracked the microphysical and radiative...
The marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) response to sea surface temperature (SST) perturbations with wavelengths shorter than 30° longitude by 10° latitude along the Agulhas Return Current (ARC) is described from the first year of SST and cloud liquid water (CLW) measurements from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) on...
As you feel comfortable with one aspect of the program, youʼll want to challenge yourself to take on new leadership experiences. Youʼve probably discovered that, along with your members, you, too, are gaining new knowledge. Many opportunities are available for 4-H leaders to learn more about the 4-H program, make...
A remote sensing method to measure directional oceanic surface waves by three laser altimeters on the NOAA LongEZ aircraft is investigated. To examine feasibility and sensitivity of the wavelet analysis method to various waves, aircraft motions, and aircraft flight directions relative to wave propagation directions, idealized surface waves are simulated...
Aldo Leopold, perhaps best known for his revolutionary and poignant essays about nature, was also an eloquent advocate during the 1930s and 1940s
of the need to maintain wolves and other large carnivores in forest and range ecosystems.He indicated that their loss set the stage for ungulate irruptions
and ecosystem...
'Santiamʼ (OSU 509.064) was developed and evaluated at Oregon State
University, Corvallis, Oregon, and it was released in February 2005. This cultivar has complete resistance to eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller. Resistance is conferred by a single dominant gene from ʻGasaway.ʼ Compared to ʻBarcelona,...
Unusual collections of several euphausiid, chaetognath, and copepod species help elucidate
the effects of the strong 1997/1998 El Niño off the central Oregon, USA, coast. Furcilia of Nyctiphanes simplex, a euphausiid typically found only as far north as central California, were collected in bi-weekly nearshore samples between December 1997 and...
If the success of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) is measured by the number of endangered species that have been recovered and delisted, then the act is not very successful. Only 15 species have been delisted because of recovery in the history of the ESA. The Borax Lake chub (Gila...