This paper demonstrates analytically how a nature reserve may protect the total population, realize maximum sustainable yield (MSY), maximum economic yield (MEY) and consumer surplus (CS) and how this depends on biological growth, migration, reserve size and economic parameters. The pre-reserve population is assumed to follow the logistic growth law...
Individual fishing quota programs are increasingly being used to establish property rights in commercial fisheries in the U.S. These programs are intended to promote resource conservation while improving economic efficiency. However, these rationalization programs are often criticized for their distributional consequences. In the Gulf of Alaska halibut fishery, there is...
A key conclusion of 'Net Benefits' - the landmark 2004 strategic review of the UK fishing industry - was that a sustainable UK fleet must make long-run profits adequate to invest in new boats, improve safety levels, pay good wages for skilled staff and be able to survive in years...
Fisheries exploited under open-access conditions create externalities, resulting in a range of problems associated with over-capitalisation and stock depletion. One answer to this is to shift the mode of production away from hunting and towards husbandry, an approach which becomes feasible where some control can be exercised over the resource...
Fry production of milkfish (Chanos chanos), which is called “Milkfish Backyard Hatchery” or MBH in
Gerokgak District, North of Bali had been famous since 1995. The coastal area of the district is the largest place for
backyard hatcheries.
The research was conducted in Gerokgak District in the year of 2004....
Fisheries economists and fishery scientists have forcefully argued that access to fisheries has to be restricted so as to increase stock size, harvest and/or profitability compared to what would be the results of free access. Fisheries economists have pointed out that management by Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs for short) fare...
By the mid-1990s, Atlantic sea scallop populations in the northeastern United States had been driven to
near depletion due to years of excessive fishing pressure and ineffective fishing regulations. However,
above-average recruitment coupled with new regulations based on reduction of fishing effort and
demarcation of closed areas with restricted access...
Responsibility for management of fisheries resources in waters off Queensland, Australia is vested largely
in the Queensland Government, under the Offshore Constitutional Settlement agreed between the federal
and state governments. These Queensland-managed fisheries include lucrative prawn fisheries and reef
and coastal finfish fisheries off the east coast of Queensland and...
ICES – the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea – was founded more than a century ago out of
concern for overfishing. However, today’s global marine ecosystems are for the most part in a degraded state, many
alarmingly so. Why is the science used so little to make...
Coastal areas in Southeast Asia have historically been globalised spaces, with land and resources such as
fisheries influenced by trade since pre-colonial times. As the intensity of resource use has expanded the
resilience of the coastal environment and effectiveness of management practices have come into question.
Commodity chains that once...
The question of how to discipline fisheries subsidies is a major issue at the forefront of the international fisheries policy agenda. The negotiations underway at the WTO to clarify disciplines on fisheries subsidies, and the call in the WSSD Plan of Implementation to eliminate subsides that contribute to illegal, unreported...
The West Coast Rock Lobster fishery is Australia's most valuable commercial fishery. Around 550 vessels
harvest 10,500 tonnes of lobster per annum. The industry has an enviable track record of biological
management which has been based on a variety of input controls. In recent years this has necessitated three
significant...
This paper discusses the potential application of implicit discount rates (IDR) derived from Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) trading data as indicators of fishery bio-economic health. The theoretical background is discussed, and in the context of one New Zealand ITQ fishery we analyze the behavior of IDR over ten years of...
With heightened media attention on the poor state of world fish stocks and the environmental impacts of aquaculture production methods, both governments and seafood industries are keen to demonstrate support for improved management measures. This paper includes results from a DFID funded project concerned with seafood certification, ecolabelling and developing...
In this paper, we study recovering processes for fisheries facing crisis or over-exploitation of a marine renewable
resource. We examine how to restore resource stocks and modify the economic characteristics of the fleet in order to
put on a sustainable exploitation system, near of some maximal standard as the Maximum...
The open access nature of fisheries resources had caused application of excessive fishing effort to most World fisheries. Proper
management of fisheries resources is vital for sustainability and its safe future utilisation. Most attempts to salvage fisheries resources
had so far succeeded but have also created one or more problems....
This paper describes a community-based management methodology that was used to promote the
sustainable management of marine resources, especially sea cucumbers, within a village in the Trobriand
Islands, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. While recognising traditional and customary
knowledge and systems, the methodology encouraged increased participation of resource users...
Many fisheries management agencies struggle with developing management frameworks that can deliver sustainable
fisheries. Over fishing, by-catch of non-target fish species, marine mammals, seabirds, and damage to benthic
habitats remain serious problems. Management methods based on traditional command and control approaches may
meet with initial successes yet additional progress is...
Increased attention is being given to the promise of co-management as a means of achieving sustainable
fish stocks while at the same time providing benefits to those dependent on the fishery. At the same time,
the view that co-management represents a continuum between state or user control is being replaced...
The fishing communities in the St. Anthony area of Newfoundland, Canada, were forced to adjust to the
collapse of cod catches in Atlantic Canada in the early 1990’s. It was not only the fishing industry that
was affected. The entire community had to live through the changes in resources. To...
Fishery co-management, where local fishermen form a group to manage the fishery in a collective manner,
have recently garnered a considerable amount of interest among fishermen and regulators, both in
developed and developing countries. Conceptually it is seen as an alternative to centralized command-and-control
regulations, as well as individually privatized...
Nearly 75% of the stocks in the waters of the European Union are overused. Therefore, recovery programs
are both necessary and urgent. However, the decisions made by the fisheries ministers rather seem
to prolong the overuse situation instead of putting an end to it.
From an overall perspective, it would...
Like most other coastal water bodies around the world, this Thailand’s largest bay on the Andaman
seaboard has suffered the similar plights that have led to serious deterioration of coastal resources over
the years. Despite its natural wealth derived from the fertile watershed and tropical climatic settings,
Thailand’s modern economic...
In Africa, there is a growing awareness of the need to learn from the fisheries experiences of Asia, where the fisheries conditions are similar, to solve the deepening crisis in fisheries and poverty in the continent. As a response, technical assistance in the areas of fish stock assessment, fisheries management...
Japan is considered as one of the most successful marine fishery co-management or CBFM regimes. However, in 2001 the Japanese government was obliged to introduce new measures in order to recover several species under overexploitation. One example is the Resource Recovery Plans (RRP) that in all Japan accounts 51 fisheries....
In spite of being one of the leading fish exporters, fishery resources in Thai waters had been degraded. Increasing fuel cost reduced a number of commercial fishing vessels in Thai waters. While trawl was the main fishing gear for commercial fisheries, their main catches were trash fish for fish meal....
Shrimp farming in Thailand is considered to be one of the main causes of mangrove deforestation. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, however, posits that economic development eventually reverses resource degradation. This hypothesis is examined using pooled data on mangrove loss and Gross Provincial Product (GPP) from 23 provinces in...
INCOFISH is an acronym for "Integrating Multiple Demands on Coastal Zones with Emphasis on Aquatic ecosystems and Fisheries". In the scope of the EC funded INCOFISH project 35 partners from 22 countries worldwide are conducting specifically targeted strategic research towards reconciling multiple demands on coastal zones with special emphasis on...
Participation of community groups is one of the main requirements for culture-based fisheries (CBF) in
non-perennial reservoirs of Sri Lanka. Homogeneity of the group characteristics facilitates to arrive at
collective decisions. And as such can be considered as positive feature for development of CBF. In this
paper an attention made...
A study was conducted to understand current practices of commercially important marine fish marketing systems in the Patuakhali area of southern Bangladesh. A total of ten commercially important marine fish were identified such as: 1) hilsa, 2) pomfret, 3) marine catfish, 4) tuna, 5) coral fish, 6) marine eel, 7)...
Capture fisheries is a primary employment for inhabitants of coastal and inland aquatic ecosystems globally. However, historically, aquaculture has been well documented as an economic activity in Southeast Asia. Coastal marine fisheries and freshwater inland waters provided employment for inhabitants of these ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Aquaculture was started...
The Chambo is an important fish to Malawi's economy and livelihoods of local people in southern end of Lake Malawi. While worries about overexploitation of the chambo have been a source of concern since the 1930s, the biological and economic collapse of the fishery in Lake Malombe and the Upper...
Community quota schemes (CQS) have been introduced in some UK fishery dependent areas in an attempt to address the detrimental effects of the current market based approach to quota management. The most established and largest scheme operates in the Shetland Isles, where there was concern quota holdings could be traded...
Fishing communities have always had an obvious economic interest in fishery management as it affects their short-run and long-run prosperity. Many fishing communities are now interested in a more active role in the form of co-management, community-based management, or community property rights. The primary research focus in communities and fishery...
Present resource rents in Norway's fisheries were compared for different fleet structures. Alternative values of TACs were assumed, which is consistent with how most fisheries in Norwegian waters are managed. Total allowable catches (TACs) are set on the basis of advice by fisheries biologists where the economics of the industry...
The theoretical economic performance of the year 2000 Norwegian fishing fleet in the Barents Sea cod fisheries are studied under different stock biomass levels and age compositions by applying the EconMult fleet model. Quarterly stock conditions during the period 1946-2004 have been investigated as this represent stock conditions which may...
Resource rents are an important indicator of the economic viability of the living marine resources. Rent dissipation is normally an indicator of a poorly managed, overfished stock of fish. Rent dissipation in the US Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fishery is more an indicator of the lack of management since recruitment...
The North Sea plaice and sole fisheries are assessed using a novel methodology based upon delay difference equations. This approach casts management options in terms of a grid of harvest rate and of mean size of harvest relative to mean size in the sea. These are convenient axis for considering...
Days at sea restrictions were introduced in 2003 as part of the cod recovery strategy in the North Sea. The impact on the profitability of the fleet of the effort controls, however, is not immediately discernable, as the fishery was also subject to changes in costs, prices and stock conditions....
In recent years there have been increasing concerns that fishing activities might degrade the ability of the environment to support the long-term biological productivity of exploited fish stocks. Fishing gear that contacts the bottom may disturb the seafloor and the benthic organisms dwelling therein. The disturbance, in turn, may reduce...
A discrete-time bioeconomic model of two stocks is presented, where one of these two stocks can be partially protected by a reserve or some other hindrance to harvesting. The interaction between the two stocks is geographic, in the sense that the protected stock can migrate out of the reserve and...
The global trade in both fish commodities and fisheries services has expanded significantly in the past 10 years. FAO estimates that the current value of the international trade in fish commodities is over US $80 billion per year (fish is the most valuable traded agricultural commodity). Fisheries services are less...
The fishery sector plays multiple roles in the national economies of West and Central African
countries, including contributions to economic growth, employment, exports and tax revenues. A high
proportion of these benefits are generated by the small-scale sector and contribute in various ways to
food security and poverty reduction -...
As early as 1491 in an Act of Parliament during the reign of Henry VII of England, overfishing and
the capture of juveniles were recognized as root causes of declining fish catches, and since then,
minimum capture sizes, closed seasons and areas, and gear restrictions have been implemented to
address...
Fisheries co-management is essentially the sharing of responsibilities and/or authority between the government and local resource users to manage the fishery resource. This strategy is recognized as a solution to the problems encountered in centralized top-down management approaches. In the 'stake net fishery' of Negombo estuary in Sri Lanka, an...
A two-stage, distributionally neutral and efficient rationalization policy design—one that preserves the ex
ante wealth distribution—is developed by blending elements of a cooperative and a partnership. It is
formally proven that there is no impediment to win-win rationalization using only IFQs allocated only to
harvesters. The design creates a bilateral...
In many low and middle income countries vulnerability and social exclusion of fisherfolk are major contributors to the 'uncertain environment' in which fisheries are to be rebuilt. Rights-based approaches are seen as essential to rebuilding fisheries by reducing the uncertainty in current fishery access and ownership regimes. This paper argues...
The paper outlines theoretical and empirical alternatives to mismatched management structures and uses institutional analysis to examine possible solutions to conflicts in fisheries resource governance arrangements in post-war Sierra Leone. The country was plunged in a bitter civil war (1991-2001) that culminated into a collapsed state. Over-centralisation of the state...
The paper presents the impact of trade-linked policies on the management of fisheries in West Africa. It raises issues
of national policies regarding fishery development but also the consequences of the ACP-EU cooperation and WTO
stakes.
Exploited throughout the marine and estuarian zones of West Africa, halieutic resources, in the...
Lake Victoria is the worlds' second largest and Africa's largest fresh water body and shared by Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The Nile perch was introduced to Lake Victoria in the 1950s and experienced explosive population growth in the 1970s. Since the 1990s landings have been above or about 500 000...