For decades, three producers-organisations, Icelandic Freezing Plants, Iceland Seafood and Union of Fish Producers
(SIF) took care of export and marketing activities of ground fish products from Iceland. These organisations had a
virtual monopoly through export licences in exporting frozen and salted seafood product till late 1980´ and early
1990´....
In this paper, a dynamic model of fishermen’s compliance is developed and used to analyse
several issues. There are two parties involved in the fishery; the regulator and the fishermen.
Regulator takes on a long term view and sets quota at the beginning of every period in order
to maximise...
Several factors contribute to the productivity of nations' fisheries: (1) The biophysical conditions that determine the abundance of fish stocks, (2) government regulation of fisheries, and (3) innovation and adoption of (i.e. investments in) new fishing technologies. This paper analyzes the long-run productivity performance of three Nordic countries Iceland, Norway...
Fisheries biologists and other marine scientists working closely with the regional fisheries organisations (RFOs), such as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES) have developed and applied different concepts and methods, including reference points, for assessment and management of fish stocks. However, management recommendations are usually not based...
The incidental catch of non-targeted species is a significant issue in fisheries management. Most current approaches to bycatch control have viewed it as a purely technological problem; however, there is growing evidence that fishermen are able to control their bycatch, albeit at a cost, by their choice of where to...
The New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries has initiated development of fishery plans driven by management objectives. Ministry, industry and stakeholder processes will determine the management and resource needs to support sustainable fisheries. Simultaneously, the Ministry is identifying sustainable harvest strategies that will specify the resource monitoring and necessary stock assessment...
Fisheries co-management is the institutional model of choice to maintain and rebuild fishery resources in
the small-scale sector. This paper argues that the transfer of regulatory and property rights from the
central state to multi-stakeholder bodies, including resource users, and local government, can only achieve
sectoral efficiency goals - such...
The Southeast U.S. shrimp harvesting sector is one component of the shrimp industry that has generally been unable to make the adjustments needed in response to the growing import base and the resulting supression in prices. Not unexpectedly, therefore, requests for relief from the perceived problems associated with increasing imports...
Environmental events such as tropical storms, hurricanes, and harmful algal blooms (HABs) have the potential to disrupt the commercial production and supply of certain marine species. In Florida, the red-pigmented dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (a particular type of naturally occurring HAB) has contaminated molluscan shellfish beds resulting in periodic fishery closures....
The relatively new aquaculture industry of sea bream and sea bass has grown rapidly in Mediterranean
countries over the past decade. Greece is the leading production country and Spain is becoming the major
market for the two species.
Despite the importance of the industry, in that it contributes to the...
In this paper, a new test for causality in demand on markets supplied by both farmed and captured fish is
presented. This method is applied on markets for trout and potential substitutes imported to Germany, to
identify market delineation and causality in demand. It is found that markets for small...
This paper presents the interim results of an ongoing research project funded by the 'Research Councils
UK' Rural Economy Land Use programme. The project has a multi-disciplinary perspective on the
potential production and marketing of tilapia as a niche product under a diversification strategy for UK
arable and dairy farmers;...
In India, while West Bengal has been the largest consumer of fish due to typical fish eating population. Due to many
constraints regarding production of fish it has not been the largest one. But it has been the largest producer of fish
seed and seedlings as compared to other Sates...
Many futures contracts for food commodities have been introduced; however, most of them have been withdrawn from the market due to poor liquidity. In this paper, various known success factors for futures contracts with regards to a proposed futures contract for salmon are discussed. Based on the various criteria from...
The development of empirical models and analysis of retailers' conduct as sellers have received the greatest attention by economists. However, the development of empirical models and analysis of retailers' role as buyers have received considerably less attention. Analysing retailers' buying power is equally important in food industries where high concentration...
It is widely believed that there have been significant levels of cod landed from the North Sea over and
above permitted quota levels in recent years as the TAC and quota system of the Common Fisheries
Policy has squeezed the fishing opportunities of EU fleets in an attempt to conserve...
This paper proposes a formal analysis of the discarding issue including the sorting labour costs. Empirical evidences from an application to the Nephrops fishery in the Bay of Biscay show that sorting is an important time consuming activity on board and a factor of discarding. However existing literature does not...
Eco-labeling has been touted as a way for consumer preferences for environmentally benign products to be transmitted in markets. The label, as the argument goes, provides information to consumers who may then pay a price premium for the labeled products. Producers view demand for the eco-labeled products as quality differentiated...
The optimal management of many common pool resources (CPRs) requires the establishment of optimal aggregate extraction rates as well as the spatial distribution of those extraction rates. The importance of these two components is readily evident in fisheries management where the spatial behavior of other agents often affects another agent's...
In the 1990s the North Pacific Fisheries Management Council and the National Marine Fisheries Service established regulations to limit the amount of Chinook and chum salmon taken as bycatch in Bering Sea trawl fisheries. The Bering Sea pollock fishery has in recent years (2002-2005) caught a significant number of sockeye...
Since 1950, the real value of fish catches in Norway has about doubled, while the number of fishermen has declined by about 85 percent. This has made it possible to maintain fishermen's incomes roughly on par with other occupational groups in Norway. It is investigated to what extent this increase...
The purpose of this research is to model and measure shadow prices for quota that are not only vessel-specific but also conditioned upon the fisher's own quota holdings and individual circumstances regarding fishing effort. Shadow prices reflect the scarcity value of quota to each particular fisher and can be used...
This paper provides a working definition of bioeconometrics and a taxonomy of model types. A bioeconometric model is an empirical model of a bioeconomic system in which quantitative changes in one or more parameters can affect the qualitative behavior of the dynamical system. Bioeconometric model types include equilibrium, dynamically decoupled,...
The paper presents a spreadsheet based benefit-cost framework for assessing the net benefits of domestic
tuna processing to the resource-owning nation. The framework has a number of advantages including
transparency, flexibility, and a check on internal consistency. The case study examines the effects of a
range of tax, access fee...
Salmon is one of the most successful aquaculture species measured in produced quantity and growth. The industry is highly export oriented, and creation of new markets has been instrumental for the industry's success. However, the rapid transformation of the markets due to the increased production has also led to a...
The decision to enter or exit a fishery can be expected to depend on the anticipated profitability of operating in
this fishery, as a function of observed vessel performances in previous years. For a vessel exiting a fishery,
there may be several reasons including decommissioning, selling or operating elsewhere. Entry...
The economic viability of the fishery will be dependant on the ability of the processors to deliver
desired products to their customers, when required. The ultimate goal must therefore be to identify
what the customers want and then to optimise the process that delivers the final product.
Catching fish is...
As part of the Namibian government initiative on sustainable resources development, the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources strongly urges right holders to continuously engage in value addition and market diversification of their products in an effort to realise maximum returns on their products. The importance of being in line...
Community fishery rights are use rights (the right to take part in fishing) and/or management rights (the right to be involved in managing the fishery) implemented at a local, community level. While by no means a new invention, community rights are receiving renewed attention as a mechanism to improve the...
The financial success of the Scottish whitefish fleet is directly affected by the outcome of the December
2005 EU fisheries council where the fisheries management measures are decided.
To assist government, vessel owners and industry bodies at the December council negotiations, the
Seafish economics team has developed a cost and...
This paper analyses the effect of adopting certain policies of internalising environmental costs on the optimal management of farms. In particular, the optimal harvesting time is analysed once these policies have been implemented. Fish growth and contamination diffusion are represented by means of dynamic stochastic models, including the uncertainty inherent...
Economic performance indicators are needed in order to improve fisheries policy in Vietnam. The
research project “Revenues and Costs of Fishing Vessels in the Nha Trang Area” has been established to
meet these needs. A questionnaire about technical characteristics and economic data of vessel and gear
in use in the...
Market chain analysis can provide information on distribution of costs and profits to intermediaries and aid in identifying concentrations of market power. There is a paucity of research and limited empirical data on market chains in developing country fisheries, especially small-scale fisheries. With these fisheries dominated by artisanal and subsistence...
This paper examines the eleven year Department for International Development funded Fisheries Management Science Programme as a model to explore how fisheries management science can contribute to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It describes how the Programme strategy was able to adapt to a changing policy environment and local needs...
Aquaculture worldwide has grown rapidly, and while this has brought socio-economic benefits to particular regions there is persistent concern over its environmental impact and sustainability. Within Europe there are quite marked regional variations in the intensity of marine aquaculture, and the fact that this occurs in areas where there is...
Most aquaculture rotation models deal with growing out a species to market size or to the optimum rotation age. Owners of these technologies often are also interested in investing in the growth parameters of the species, in order to shorten rotations. However, some species like the spotted and the Atlantic...
This paper describes the assumptions, scenarios and calculations underlying best estimates of the current costs of three notifiable fish diseases in the United Kingdom: infectious salmon anaemia (ISA), viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) and infectious haemorrhagic necrosis (IHN). The benefits of avoiding a major disease outbreak are effectively the return on...
Sea lice are natural parasites, and are spread between wild salmon stocks and farmed salmon. Studies indicate that sea lice from salmon farms not only cause economic losses to salmon aquaculture producers, but also affect other marine resources. Currently one of the most controversial debates over sea lice from salmon...
The objective of this study is to investigate the sustainability properties of the stock of the shrimp trawl
fishery in the Tonkin Gulf, Vietnam. Surplus production models of Verhulst-Schaefer and Gompertz-Fox
are applied to the shrimp trawl fishery, which is a typical tropical fishery with the characteristic properties
of small...
The world aquaculture industry is expanding its output but at the same time it is generating concerns about environmental sustainability. It is often heavily concentrated in coastal areas where there is strong competition for space and water resources and where it has been associated with externalities such as habitat destruction...
Marine scientists and policymakers are encouraging ecosystem-based fishery management (EBFM), but there is limited guidance on how to operationalize the concept. We develop a method for EBFM based on financial asset management that uses the joint probability distribution of species in an ecosystem. Illustrating our method with the Chesapeake Bay,...
The objective of this paper is to explore eating and shopping habits related to fish across five European countries. A cross sectional consumer survey was carried out in Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Poland, and Spain. A total sample of 4800 consumers was obtained, and the sample was representative within each country...
A debate about the level of organic contaminants in farmed salmon relative to wild salmon was started with an article published the journal Science in January 2004. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other contaminants were found to be significantly higher in farmed salmon than in wild salmon. Moreover, European-raised...
Fishmeal prices have increased sharply since the mid-2005 and the relationship between the prices of animal and vegetable proteins have become weaker, at least temporarily. This can be explained by a relatively constant fishmeal supply, which have varied around 6-7 million metric tons the last two decades, and an increasing...
The introduction of new frozen processed products such as Marine Stewardship Council certified New Zealand hoki into the UK market is providing consumers with options away from the standard choices of cod and haddock. Resource managers all have a stake in successful product endeavors since new exotic seafood choices could...
Investors in aquaculture are biased against the mangrove areas and prefer to site their farms in the upland parts of Southwest, Nigeria. This study was carried out to compare the yield performance in the two fish farm locations. The tools utilized included descriptive statistics, budgetary and cash flow analyses and...
Central Europe is an emerging market for seafood products, with rapidly developing opportunities for foreign direct investment and export. Although Poland in particular is widely regarded as a land of opportunity in the seafood business, surprisingly little effort has been made until now to gain a deeper understanding of the...
It is now widely recognized that property rights based fisheries management regimes are well
suited for generating efficiency in fisheries. Apart from access licences, which are very low
quality property rights, individual quotas (IQs) and individual transferable quotas (ITQs) are the
most widely applicable and, indeed, the most commonly applied...
This paper presents the findings of a field survey carried out within small scale fishing communities on the island of Zanzibar in 2004. The study was designed to assess the impact of the Menai Bay marine protected area on the livelihoods of fishing households located within its boundaries using the...
The UN MDG of 2000 include poverty eradication, protection of our common environment, and human
rights, democracy, and good governance. Fisheries have been expected to contribute to meet these goals,
especially after the UNCLOS III. As a result, many developing countries have over-invested in fisheries
with environmental degradation by industrial...