Wetland‐estuarine‐shelf interaction processes in the Plum Island Sound and Merrimack River system in the Massachusetts coast are examined using the high‐resolution
unstructured grid, finite volume, primitive equations, coastal ocean model. The
computational domain covers the estuarine and entire intertidal area with a horizontal
resolution of 10–200 m. Driven by five...
Comprehensive observations of velocity, density, and
turbulent dissipation permit quantification of the nonlinear
internal wave (NLIW) contribution to vertical heat flux and
lateral mass transport over New Jersey’s shelf. The effect of
NLIWs on the shelf heat budget was significant. On
average, heat flux in NLIWs was 10 times larger...
We examine the relation between δ¹⁸O in rainwater collected in southwestern Oregon
and climate variables including temperature, parcel trajectory, precipitation amount, and
specific humidity. Local surface air temperature at the time of sample collection explains a
large proportion of δ¹⁸O variability, suggesting that paleoclimatic archives that are related
to rainfall...
Intraexciton transitions in semiconductor quantum wells are modulated by strong and tunable few-cycle terahertz pulses. Time-resolved terahertz-pump and optical-probe measurements demonstrate that the 1s heavy-hole and light-hole exciton resonances undergo large-amplitude spectral modulations when the terahertz radiation is tuned near the 1s–2p intraexciton transition. The strong nonlinear optical transients exhibit...
Of 14 transgenic poplar genotypes (Populus tremula × Populus alba) with antisense 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase that were grown in the field for 2 years, five that had substantial lignin reductions also had greatly reduced xylem-specific conductivity compared with that of control trees and those transgenic events with small reductions in...
Turbulent mixing of salt is examined in a shallow salt wedge estuary with strong fluvial and tidal forcing. A numerical model of the Merrimack River estuary is used to quantify turbulent stress, shear production, and buoyancy flux. Little mixing occurs during flood tides despite strong velocities because bottom boundary layer...
A retrovirus homologue gene of cellular cyclin D₁, walleye dermal sarcoma virus rv-cyclin
gene (orf A or rv-cyclin), was expressed in the livers of zebrafish under the control
of liver fatty-acid binding protein (lfabp) promoter. To prevent possible fatality caused
by over-expression of the oncogene, the GAL4/UAS system was used...
Questions: Are traits related to the performance of plant species in restoration? Are the relationships between traits and performance consistent across the functional groups of annual forbs, perennial forbs, and grasses? Do the relationships between traits and performance depend on neighboring functional groups? Location: A former agricultural field, being restored...
At the Costa Rica margin along the Middle America Trench along‐strike variations in heat flow are well
mapped. These variations can be understood in terms of either ventilated fluid flow, where exposed basement
allows fluids to freely advect heat between the crustal aquifer and ocean, or insulated fluid flow where...
The thermal structure of convergent margins provides information related to the tectonics, geodynamics,
metamorphism, and fluid flow of active plate boundaries. We report 176 heat flow measurements
made with a violin bow style probe across the Costa Rican margin at the Middle America Trench. The
probe measurements are collocated with...
It is well known that numerical simulations of freshwater discharges produce plumes that spread in the
direction opposite to that of the propagation of coastally trapped waves (the upstream direction). The lack of
a theory explaining these motions in unforced environments deemed the numerical results suspect. Thus, it
became a...
Faculty and librarians agree on the qualities of a good research question. However, in an exploratory study, they differed on when students should develop their research question. While librarians stated that students should develop their question early, first-year writing faculty advocated for delaying the development of the research question. The...
This note considers the decay of a bottom-trapped freshwater plume after the causative freshwater inflow
has ceased. It is shown that shortly after the low-density inflow stops, the barotropic pressure field that it
created radiates away and the ocean circulation becomes controlled by baroclinic pressure gradients generated
by the remnants...
The effects of surface wind speed and direction gradients on midlatitude surface vorticity and divergence fields associated with mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) variability having spatial scales of 100–1000 km are investigated using vector wind observations from the SeaWinds scatterometer on the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite and SST from the...
Given the fundamental importance of xylem safety and efficiency for plant survival and fitness, it is not surprising that these are among the most commonly studied features of hydraulic architecture. However, much remains to be learned about the nature and universality of conflicts between hydraulic safety and efficiency. Although selection...
Sweet cherry scion cultivars have been selected over millennia for many reasons, but over the past century, breeding programs have concentrated mainly on achieving improved characteristics such as yield, taste, fruit size, fruit firmness, fruit color, precocity, and resistance to fruit cracking and disease. In contrast, rootstock cultivars have only...
The range of verification problems that can be solved with logic model checking tools has increased significantly in the last few decades. This increase in capability is based on algorithmic advances and new theoretical insights, but it has also benefitted from the steady increase in processing speeds and main memory...
The typically sparse distribution of weather stations in mountainous terrain inadequately resolves temperature variability. Accordingly, high‐resolution gridding of climate data (for applications such as hydrological modeling) often relies on assumptions such as a constant surface temperature lapse rate (i.e., decrease of surface temperature with altitude) of 6.5°C km⁻¹. Using an...