In fisheries, as well as in other natural resource based industries, there is a difference between the concepts of profit and rent. The former is a basic indicator for gauging the business performance of firms and industries, and the latter is for the evaluation of the economic welfare contribution of...
In order for the fisheries to recover from the Fukushima Disaster, we investigated that how much the Japanese consumers are willing to pay (WTP) for seafood caught in Fukushima and the adjacent regions. Since market data of Fukushima seafood are not available, we conducted hypothetical survey (conjoint analysis) to measure...
Fisheries are recognised to provide important contributions to the economy, through the creation of jobs, growth and GVA from both the catching sector and associated supply chain activities. They also provide social benefits, through individual well-being, contributions to strong communities, and knock-on benefits through supply chains. However, in national terms...
The fisheries supply chains integrate multiple and heterogeneous agents linked through commercial (buyer/seller) relationships. In a large and competitive trade market, every agent can choose his/her partners, but the functioning of the supply chain depends on the aggregation of every agent's decisions that configures the global network of relationships. In...
We describe the dynamics by which competing harvesters selectively target prime market-sized fish, without internalizing the externality of increasing targeting costs, as the abundance of prime fish decreases. Due to the increasing targeting costs for prime size, harvesters continually target the next-most-desirable size fish, gradually fishing down the size structure...
The over 7,000 islands that make up the Philippines are often referred to as "the center of the center" in terms of global marine biodiversity, but this abundant marine life is also a key source of livelihoods. In 2009, the reported Philippines fish ‘production' was 4.1 million tonnes, valued at...
Based on financial risk analysis and portfolio theory, this paper aims to estimate the underlying risk of the European fish quota distribution among European member States along the time. Firstly, we have assigned a fishing portfolio to each member state (FP(jt)) and its related value based financial portfolio (FPV(ijt)), where...
The study examined the determinants of profit margins earned by artisanal fishermen in Ghana using the concept of percentage contribution margin. The effects of selected variables on margins were examined for two marketing agents - spouse and other agents. A system of equations were estimated separately for the major and...
Excess capacity and overfishing have constituted major threats to sustainable management of fish stocks. Moreover, if capital is locked in unproductive capital in fishing vessels it also constitute a threat to social welfare if fish abundancy and prices are too low to support the livelihood of fish dependent communities and...
The vulnerability approach is an analytical framework used to assess the impacts caused by changes in socio-ecosystems that are often linked to large external natural events. The vulnerability approach is mobilized by the sciences that deal with the management of environmental risks with the aim to determine the conditions allowing...
The Norwegian seafood industry is often described as a commodity supplier, sometimes struggling to exploit the full value potential of the resource. Being market oriented has been emphasized as an important factor for achieving higher performance and competitive advantage in business. The literature often addresses the importance of firms' market...
What is the best use of fishery performance? How can we assess progress in managing aquaculture and wild catch fisheries when a wide range of criteria is appropriate? The Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation funded a project in 2009 to estimate the benefits arising from managing fisheries and aquaculture...
The most known Lake Victoria dagaa fishery (Rastrioneobola argentae) in Eastern and Southern countries of Sub-Saharan African region consists characterized by physical, quality and economical (PQE) losses along the supply chain. The survey was done on the PQE losses on Sun dried dagaa along the supply chain. Losses are at...
While studies have long examined the economic viability of oyster industries along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the mainland United States, Hawai`i has had no industry to speak of in decades. The Pacific oyster, <i>Crassostrea gigas</i>, is being cultivated in a traditional Hawaiian fishpond for the first time, providing...
We suggest freshness as a critical factor in determining fishing trip duration. Using daily logbook data from a Japanese-based longline fishery, we find that prices are highly elastic with respect to the freshness of the product, with a 1% decrease in our freshness measure corresponding with a 3.85% decrease in...
This paper measures the impact that the sanitary treatments aiming to reduce the abundance of sea lice Caligus rogercresseyi have on the unit production costs of Atlantic salmon fattening centers in Southern Chile. We make use of unique data that allows us to follow complete production cycles for a sample...
This research examines the gendered livelihood implications of fisheries management decisions through an exploration of a seasonal ban on fishing. The 45 day closed fishing season on the Eastern coast of India began in 2001 and applies to mechanized boats. While there is existing research on the impact of the...
This study explored how micro-credit benefits women processing cultured catfish into smoked form by obtaining and analyzing their perceptions. The specific objectives included identifying micro-credit sources used, sources preferred and ranking factors considered when deciding on a micro-credit choice. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting 120 processors analyzed. Analytical...
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is a pervasive practice in small scale fisheries. It affects the ecosystem and the livelihoods of people depended on the fisheries resources. Many times management technical measures from development partners and government have been implemented without success. In this study, we apply governability framework...
Strategy of livelihood recovery should be promoted by community participation and their shelf-lesson learnt. This research assess the integration of sustainable livelihood strategies into fisheries livelihood recovery using indicators (poverty and income), external aid role, and fishing community engagement in arranging fisheries livelihood recovery. It was conducted in Krueng Raya...
The presentation discusses cost data collection methods and use in support of commercial fisheries management in the Pacific Islands Region, United States. Traditionally, economic information on Pacific Island fisheries was limited primarily to the dockside value of landed fish. Data on fishing expenses were obtained intermittently, through episodic surveys conducted...
Pangas is a relatively new and fast growing fish species, which has shown great potential in the Bangladesh aquaculture sector. However, large output variability is observed from farm to farm and from different locations, which may indicate that production risk and inefficiency is a problem in pangas farming. This study...
Women's contributions to fisheries are often overlooked in fisheries management, economic analyses, and consequently, in policy decisions. Fortunately, women's contributions are gaining recognition despite a lack of quantitative data describing the scope and scale of their participation in the sector. While there are numerous studies describing the role of women...
The U.S. Mid-Atlantic Golden Tilefish (Lopholatilus Chamaeleonticeps) fishery, under IFQ management, is required to undergo a review every 5 to 7 years to describe and analyze the changes that have taken place in the fishery since the IFQ implementation in 2009. Standardized performance metrics are used to evaluate performance, productivity...
This presentation provides an overview of a presentation held during the Industry and Policy Day held at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The presentation was part of Session B3: Adapt, Improvise and Overcome - fishermen's responses to the LO. The session was chaired by Dr. Erik Lindebo...
The paper seeks to identify bioeconomic patterns and processes with respect to the Red King Crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in the Barents Sea. Its dual role (as invasion and market commodity) together with the dynamically evolving Arctic marine environment requires pro-active and multi-faceted approaches. Challenges and uncertainties include data limitations, scientific...
Farmed fish products in Europe are mainly addressed to the market of live and fresh whole fishes. Only for the trout sector, due to their vertical integration, is it common to process/transform the fish, offering a wider range of products to final consumers. One key factor that makes the supply...
Fisheries and coastal communities in the northern Tohoku , Japan were severely affected by the Great Tohoku Earthquake and subsequent mega-tsunamis on March 11, 2011. This study aims at exploring the macroeconomic strategies for the recovery of the fishing community with a case of the impacts of this disaster on...
Worldwide there is a recognition that fishing communities face challenges in changing environments, changing markets, and under different types of stressors. In this context, it is important to identify the causal factors of vulnerability and to understand how people deal with them, in order to find ways to reduce the...
This document provides an overview of a presentation held during the Industry and Policy Day at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The presentation was part of Session B2: Implementing the Landing Obligation in the Reformed CFP - Practical Challenges and Effects on Fishing Businesses - 2016 Story...
The spatio-temporal overlap of morphologically undistinguishable weak and healthy stocks is a major concern for the Pacific Northwest troll Chinook salmon fishery. Regular fishery closures have led to major financial losses calling for alternative regulatory measures. One approach for such complex and pressing socio-ecological challenges is the transition towards transdisciplinary...
Optimal management of herring, mackerel, and blue whiting in the North East Atlantic is analyzed. The main motivation is to quantify the potential gain from implementing multi-species management compared to traditional single-species management. The objective is to maximize discounted net revenue; in other words a sole-owner perspective. The results are...
The Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) encompasses coastal waters from North Carolina to Massachusetts and is home to many important fisheries. Two features make this region uniquely suited to study how institutions and climate change may interact to affect fishery outcomes. First, since the 1960s, the MAB has been warming at approximately...
When climate change alters the distribution of fish stocks, stocks that were previously owned by a single country can suddenly become shared between countries. Current models predict that in such cases, if no agreement on management is formed, stocks may be severely depleted. A similar problem arises when a new...
The aim of this work is to analyse the evolution of profit margins of those firms that have decided to use a PDO label (Mejillón de Galicia in the case of this research) to improve their economic performance and to evaluate the success of this product differentiation strategy. A sample of...
Economic impact assessment methodology was applied to UK fisheries data to better understand the implications of European Commission proposals for fishing for deep-sea stocks in the North-East Atlantic under the CFP. The aim was to assist the UK fishing industry and Government in evaluating the most effective options to manage...
Bigeye tunas are bycatch to skipjack tunas when tuna purse seine vessels set their nets on floating aggregator devices (FADs). Current approaches to managing bigeye in both the Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) and the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) entail permanently closed areas, such as the “correlito” in the...
Many recreational fisheries are managed under regulated open access governed by seasonal closures and bag limits. This approach has often promoted a “race to the fish” with cascades of shorter seasons and shrinking bag limits. These restrictions may have significant effects on angler welfare by inefficiently allocating fish across anglers,...
Many fishermen diversify their income by fishing in more than one fishery which can significantly reduce year-to-year variation in income. However, opportunities to diversify have become more limited as access to fisheries has become more restricted. The implementation of catch share systems could further reduce diversification if those who remain...
The conflict between hydropower production and the free movement of migratory fish in river basins is longstanding. Currently, hydropower is a notable source of renewable energy, and its importance in regulating the seasonal supply of energy, as well as in substituting fossil fuel energy, is considerable. However, once hydropower plants...
The state of habitats is important for their productivity, including for stocks of commercial fish. Some fishing methods can damage habitat or give bycatch of species. Destructive fishing gear has sometimes been introduced without awareness of the direct negative impacts on habitat, and without realising the possible negative indirect impacts...
An international conflict between pro- and anti-whaling countries has been a concern. While many Western countries condemn whaling, Japan conducts ‘research whaling’ under the special permission of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) along with Norway and Iceland, who also engage in commercial whaling. Especially Japan and Australia have been divided...
This document provides an overview of a presentation held during the Industry and Policy Day at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The presentation was part of Session A3: Reformed CFP - Implications for Routes to Market. The session was chaired by Marcus Coleman, and the presentation was...
Species diversification in aquaculture has been driven and influenced by various factors including consumer preference, technical innovations such as advances in artificial propagation, economies of scale, risk diversification, policy orientation, among others. Global aquaculture development in general has been associated with species diversification in terms of both increasing number of...
The complexity of the ocean ecosystem, including the human component, is such that a single fishery may require multiple policy instruments to achieve goals related to fisheries management and biodiversity conservation. The need for retrospective analysis and evaluation grows and the key is to link policy instrument objectives to realized...
Commercial fisheries rationalization has promoted economic benefits and accountability to annual catch limits, but most recreational fisheries are managed under regulated open access with relatively poor catch accounting, short and unpredictable seasons, and persistent overharvests. For many mixed-used fish species, recreational fishing represents over half of total fishing mortality. Yet...
We develop a theoretical model to address the effects of different market structures on the ex-vessel prices and consequently how this would impact the risk-sharing mechanism for harvesters and processors in fisheries. We focus our research on two market structures, price-at-landing (PL) and post-season pricing (PS). PL market structure is...
One of the key outcomes of the Horizon 2020 PrimeFish project is the development and delivery of an innovative decision support framework (PrimeDSF) designed for public use. PrimeDSF collects and makes accessible to the scientific and other communities, economic methods, models, studies and other resources, but first and foremost a...
Price formation of fish in landing market was studied in Japan to examine price discounts of fish species regularly landed in small quantity. It is often told that buyers tend to offer low bidding prices for fish which have small landing amount in a day because handling and shipping costs...
The world’s fisheries are widely considered to be in ecological crisis. One governance solution is private standards, including ecolabelling. The conventional logic is that ecolabels meet consumer demand for ‘sustainable’ seafood, with good players rewarded with price premiums or market share and bad players punished by reduced sales. Empirically, however,...
The industry owned trawlers land-lock obligation, originally intended to ensure both greater seasonal distribution of raw material as well as settlement in coastal communities, functions poorly and is being put under pressure. This is due to national and global trends in economics and politics, technological change and changing market conditions....
Marine protected areas (MPAs) have become a widely used tool for marine conservation and fisheries management. In coastal areas, it has become clear that the success of MPAs, and the achievement of sustainable fishery production, requires a combination of effective management and conservation frameworks, maintenance of decent fisheries livelihoods, and...
The study focused on the production of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings produced from Clarias gariepinus broodstock fed inclusion levels of Azanza garckeana. Clarias gariepinus broodstock fed different inclusion levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) of Azanza garckeana pulp meal, representing diet 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in a randomised...
Salmon aquaculture is constrained by the proliferation of salmon lice, a natural seawater parasite that benefits from the agglomeration of production. The lice challenge currently costs the Norwegian salmon farming industry above 450 million USD per year (0.5 USD/kilo). Adjacent farms impose a contamination externality on each other, which they...
The food security situation in Latin American and Caribbean countries is very diverse, and even more when special attention is given to the seafood sector. The latter contributes both directly and indirectly to household and national food security, providing food, employment and income generation, among other benefits. This survey aims...
Eco-certification of seafood has been suggested to be a key market based mechanism for reducing the pressure on the world’s aquatic ecosystems. In the study presented here we investigate to what extent consumers’ stated purchasing of eco-labelled seafood was correlated with seven internal variables: environmental knowledge, familiarity with eco-labels, subjective...
For decades, fishing was considered an area warranting public support policies, particularly its industrial segment. The sector continues to enjoy the support of international donors in addition to significant private overinvestment. Globally, catches of artisanal fisheries continue to grow while industrial fisheries decline since the mid 1990s. The latter are...
The study examined Fish Value Chain (FVC) in Yola area of Adamawa state, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using questionnaire and were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that female dominate the fish marketing and processing nodes with 79% and 62% respectively while male (77%) dominate the...
Poverty issues cannot be underestimated in fish farmers' production as they influence farmers' attitudes towards risk. Despite the fact that there are studies on fish production risks, there is little or no study on fish farmers' poverty status and risk attitudes nexus in Nigeria. Hence, this study examined risk attitudes...
As the Scottish enlightenment has taught us, it is vitally important to think for ourselves rather than believing what we are told. Here, we question the basic principles of fisheries managements. We ask if the hypothesis of capacity maximization - a race to boats - could be considered instead of...
The Alaska non-pollock multi-species catcher processor trawl fishery, referred to as the Amendment 80 fishery since 2008, is an endlessly fascinating subject from the perspective of an economist. A diverse group of companies and vessels, emphasizing different species mixes from a multi-species ecosystem, targets fish across the Eastern Bering Sea,...
Assessment studies have summarized the literature on global food security and projected impacts of climate and other major drivers of regional and global change in the 21st Century (IPCC, USDA). Additionally, the Agricultural Model Inter-comparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) is working to develop new coordinated global and regional assessments of...
The Northwest Fisheries Science Center has been collecting cost earnings data since 2003. The Center economists survey all commercial fishing vessels on the West Coast of the United States from San Diego, CA to Blaine, WA. These vessels range in size from less than 40 feet to more than 300...
Trust is a key aspect in managing fisheries. Individuals with low levels of political trust are more likely to accept illegal behavior. Institutional trust depends on beliefs about institutional behavior and on how competent an institution appears to be. The success of fisheries management depends on how fishermen perceive it....
Traditional approaches to halt decline of fisheries resources focus on regulating against destructive practices, but to little effect. A more effective strategy could be to establish a direct economic incentive mechanism such as payments or compensation schemes, or to incorporate such payments into existing regulatory mechanisms. Examples from terrestrial environments,...
Bargaining power has in many fisheries shifted considerably from fish processors to fishermen with modern communications, higher fleet mobility and increased scarcity of the resources. In Norway, fishermen were to a large degree exploited by processors up until the early 20th century. A strong collaborative effort from the fishermens' union...
The presentation summarizes preliminary results of the first part in the PhD project “Economic valuation of the wild salmon stock in Norway”. The externalities from the salmon farming industry, such as spread of parasites and genetic pollution, affect wild salmon populations. The aquaculture management in Norway faces a trade-off between...
The concept of shared value has been defined by Porter and Cramer as those policies and operating practices that enhance the competitiveness of a company while simultaneously advancing the economic and social conditions in the communities in which it operates. This concept guides a coordinated process of stakeholders' engagement to...
This presentation provides an overview of a Special Session presentation held at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The registration number and title of the special session were 5024: Game Theory and Fisheries. The session was organized by Marko Lindroos.
The introduction of private property rights in common pool resource systems is not occurring at random, but depends on various factors, including the state of the resource itself. This inherent endogeneity problem of policy implementation makes it difficult to make any causal inference between the regulatory regime and the state...
This presentation provides an overview of a Special Session presentation held at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016, as well as details of the proceedings of the session.
Tilapia is the world's most popular aquaculture species farmed mostly in earthen ponds. Experience in China (the largest tilapia farming country) is used to develop and calibrate a bio-economic model on intensive tilapia pond culture. The model is used to simulate the impacts of climate, technical and/or financial factors on...
Different user groups have different stakes in fisheries. The societal challenge is that, exploiting the same fish stock, or ecologically interacting stocks, recreational and customary fishermen interact with a continuum of commercial fishermen, ranging from very small-scale and part-time artisanal fishermen to large-scale fishing firms. In this paper we develop...
Pole-and-line and hand-line tuna fisheries, hereafter referred to as one-by-one fisheries are believed to provide large social benefits to fishing communities. Unlike industrial high seas fishing, large numbers of fishing vessels are involved - engaging many people from coastal communities. In the unique case of the Maldives, where fishing communities...
Irregular consumption of animal protein has been a problem confronting resource poor rural households in Oyo State. This study therefore investigated determinants of rural household demand for fish in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used. Ten Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposively selected. Five LGAs were selected adjacent...
This document provides an overview of a presentation held during the Industry and Policy Day at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The presentation was part of Session A3: Reformed CFP - Implications for Routes to Market. The session was chaired by Marcus Coleman, and the presentation was...
Lake Nasser extends for more than 300 km inside Egypt`s border and has an extensive shoreline of around 7000 km. It is an important source of fish for residents of Aswan and adjacent governorates in Upper Egypt, representing 55% of the total production from inland lakes in Egypt in 2013....
As part of the project ‘Building Food Security and Managing Risks: A Focus on Southeast Asia”, the OECD is examining how the fisheries and aquaculture sectors in Indonesia can better contribute to food security through improved policies. This paper examines the nature of the food security problem in the two...
Using stock assessments to inform management and decision makers about the impacts of fishing is increasing worldwide. Stock assessments are costly to conduct well, and there is often a data management lag in terms of when data used to inform stock assessment predictions are available for inclusion in the model....
The purpose of this paper is not to present new game theoretic results, but is rather to discuss a new and much needed research program, which is at an early stage. Progress to date will be reported upon. It is the contention of the authors that, in stark contrast to...
In June 2015, the UN General Assembly mandated the negotiation of a legally binding instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). The proposed ABNJ Implementation Agreement (ABNJ IA) will have implications for the conduct and regulation of high seas fisheries and...
Despite an extensive literature on food-sharing, little attention has been given to the practice in the context of fish harvesting and consumption. We examine it as a possible, almost inadvertent, source of fishery management and we examine its role in trade. Our model is a simple general-equilibrium model of a small costal economy...
After half a century of fisheries development focused on large-scale fisheries the policy arena is finally becoming more conductive to sustaining small-scale fisheries (SSF) in economically developing countries, with a particular focus on international trade opportunities. Debates for and against increased integration of SSF into globalized trade have been presented,...
Infectious diseases continue to affect the productivity, efficiency, and consumer confidence of the aquaculture industry. This suggests that disease control remains an important area for further policy development. At the same time and contrary to terrestrial livestock enterprises, where economic incentive mechanisms have been proposed to influence behaviour change in...
This case study examines the Upper Klamath Basin of Oregon, which is experiencing a water crisis due to over-allocation. The purpose of this case study is to identify land cover / land use change looking specifically at wetland conversion and to discussion the effects of wetland loss on ecosystem services....
From the 1860s into the 1920s Edward Sylvester Morse (1838-1925) was a staunch advocate of Darwinian evolution and of science education in the U. S. and likewise for several years in Japan. He had a major impact on the American public’s understanding of evolution, both before and after he became...
GROW Healthy Kids & Communities aims to prevent obesity in rural children. The project targets changing family home, school, and community environments to support children’s weight healthy behaviors by “default.” My URAP apprenticeship is at the community level studying residents’ perceptions of the healthy eating and activity resources in rural...
Introduction: To study the health status of 200 G6PD enzyme-deficient Sarawak newborns, we compared their birth records to those of non-deficients in terms of low birth weight (LBW). To characterize ethnic groups, we analysed newborns in terms of LBW and G6PD population frequency.
Methods: For this retrospective study, health records...
Isolate and purify a pKN800 plasmid from Escherichia coli. Using restriction mapping determine the orientation of the Luciferase (lux) operon with respect to the plasmid backbone. Then transform the plasmid into E. coli strain DH5α to analyze the expression of the lux operon and the efficiency of transformation.
The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) has persisted in Oregon and Washington coastal estuaries since the late 1990’s. After the arrival of a strong year class in 1998, significant recruitment to the populations occurred only in 2003, 2005, 2006, 2010, 2015 and 2016. Warm winter water temperatures, high Pacific Decadal...