The heterogeneous reactions of ambient particulate matter (PM)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) with NO₃/N₂O₅, OH radicals, and O₃ were studied in a laboratory photochemical chamber. Ambient PM[subscript 2.5] and PM₁₀ samples were collected from Beijing, China and Riverside, California, and exposed under simulated atmospheric long-range transport conditions...
Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus has declined across its range along the West Coast of North America,
and an understanding of all life history phases is needed to address population recovery. Spawning surveys (redd
counts) are common tools currently used to monitor returning adult salmonids, but such methodologies are in their...
Dust deposition on ecosystems with highly weathered soils may provide vital rock-derived nutrients that maintain ecosystem productivity. Because of the difficulties in measuring temporally and spatially heterogeneous dust deposition over ecologically meaningful timescales, evaluations of the spatial variability in dust deposition are extremely rare. In the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto...
Nowadays, needs for wideband and high accuracy analog-to-digital converter are increasing rapidly in manifold applications such as wireless communication, digital video and other consumer electronics. Besides, low power consumption is required to have longer battery life in portable systems. CMOS technology scaling and innovative modulator topology make the implementation much...