The author presents a "state of the art" of the use of polymers
for better settling in domestic waste treatment and evaluates the
published research in the field.
Polymers have only recently been used to obtain better settling
in domestic waste treatment. Due to the number of polymer types
available...
A computer program was developed for estimating construction
pore pressures in embankments without drainage at any location in
the embankment at any time during construction. This program incorporated
a modification of the Hilf-Brantz method of pore pressure
calculation and a finite element method of stress computation.
Previous methods of calculating...
Computer oriented techniques and procedures are presented for the analysis of single and multiple cable systems. Application is made to a two-point mooring system influenced by surface and subsurface hydrodynamic loading. The effects of the various parameters are presented and the numerical method is compared to exact solutions obtained from...
A method of analysis of arbitrarily shaped prestressed concrete
members for biaxial bending is given. The stress-strain curve of
the concrete is represented by two parabolic segments, and the
effects of strain hardening of the steel are included in the analysis.
An iterative numerical procedure is used to solve for...
A digital computer model was developed to simulate the time
and space distribution of a dissolved pollutant in an estuary. The program
is basically a one-dimensional finite-difference model, but two
dimensions can be represented by attaching together several one-dimensional
channels. The influence of convection, dispersion and
decay are included in...
Currently, the Port of Portland is developing a 9, 410 acre area
at the confluence of the Columbia and Willamette Rivers in Multnomah
County, Oregon. This area will be developed for industrial, commercial,
and recreational use. The recreational development in the
North Portland Peninsula area, including the Rivergate Industrial
District,...
A need has existed for an in-depth structural analysis of penstock
bifurcations because they form an integral part of hydroelectric
power plants. Their geometrical complexity has prevented classical
structural analysis from providing an accurate and overall picture of
the stresses in the structure.
Digital computers and the development of finite...
Dungeness crab is an important fishery on the Pacific Coast.
The processing subsystem of the fishery is hampered by a variety of
problems that have acted to impede technological innovations that
could improve efficiency and sanitation in seafood plants. This paper
provides background for problems encountered by the processors, discusses...
Perforated pipes were buried in the gravel bed of a laboratory stream, extending upstream from a simulated riffle in order to study their effect upon mixing and interchange of stream water and intragravel water. In the absence of such pipes the drop of energy gradient of the stream was concentrated...
A series of log storage experiments were conducted to determine
whether leachates derived from water storage of logs are acutely
toxic to fish. Log segments approximately 18 inches long and 16 inches
in diameter were stored in tanks and held submerged for a period of
7 days. The holding water...
The causes of turbidity in impounded and released reservoir
water are studied. Seven Willamette Basin reservoirs are compared
to isolate watershed and reservoir characteristics which produce variations
in turbidity. Of the seven, Hills Creek Reservoir is examined
in detail. Particular features of the basin and impoundment are
studied to isolate...
Two built-up wide-flange beams with several large holes in each
beam were tested to failure. Strains were measured by strain gages
at various levels, located at the ends and center of typical holes, and
deflections were measured optically at two points on each beam.
Lateral bracing was provided to prevent...
Twenty-five gabion-type structures across the main stem and
tributaries of the Siuslaw River in the Oregon Coastal Range, installed
to expand the available spawning area for fish, were investigated for
their ability to perform gravel control functions such as trapping bedload
carried by the stream or holding gravel placed behind...
Mathematical modeling of phytoplankton populations based on laboratory observations provides increased understanding of the interaction among the environmental and biological mechanisms. influencing growth dynamics. Such fundamental understanding is necessary to estimate the impact of man-made perturbations on natural population.
A three-compartment mathematical model was developed to represent a phytoplankton population...
This is a fundamental study of the mechanism of protein particle
removal during flow through sandy soil. Mathematical models for
diffusion-adsorption and diffusion-convection-adsorption processes
were developed and compared with experimental data. An attempt was
made to calculate the distance over which the adsorption forces act.
The differential equation for the...
Spatial, diel and seasonal variations in dissolved oxygen and
temperature were measured in Triangle Lake, Oregon. Spatial dissolved
oxygen and temperature variations measured in the stratified
lake are presented to illustrate the horizontal uniformity of the lake
and to demonstrate the applicability of the one dimensional assumption
for sampling and...
The behavior of a stream upon entering a field reservoir was
studied at various stages of stratification. The principal field techniques
included fluorometric and temperature surveys. General
relationships were obtained, between dimensional and locational characteristics
of the inflow current and the thermal structure of the
impoundment. As predicted by analytical...
The conventional method for structural design of wood-joist
floors is over-simplified and often results in stronger and stiffer
floors than necessary. There is also a need to include in the floor
design additional criteria dealing with human response to floor vibration
such as that due to walking.
This study develops...
Accuracy requirements for positioning a vessel in the near shore
area have increased in recent years. To meet these requirements
several electronic positioning systems have been developed. One
such system is the Cubic Autotape Model DM-40. The Autotape is a
circular positioning system which utilizes the phase comparison
between transmitted...
The failure of cutbanks is a major problem encountered by those
who construct low-cost roads in naturally forested residual soils.
Attempts have been made to lessen the severity of failures by classifying
certain soil areas as to their susceptibility to failure, in
addition to bringing past design experience into play...
Waters of various salinities were secured from the Umpqua
estuary, the Umpqua River, and the open ocean near the mouth of the
estuary. The rate of oxidation of sulfides in these various waters
was investigated to assess the potential longevity of free sulfides in
estuarine waters.
The rate of disappearance...
A study was conducted to determine the oxygen uptake rate of
resuspended estuarine bottom sediments and the biodegradability of
the organic matter released during resuspension.
Oxygen uptake was measured on a Gilson Differential Respirometer
and the percent biodegradability was calculated by determining
the soluble organic carbon on a Beckman Carbonaceous...
A computer program was developed for analyzing culverts
under earth embankments constructed of compacted cohesive soil
using the finite element method. The culvert-embankment system
is represented as a two-dimensional plane strain problem. The
plane of investigation is taken normal to the culvert axis. The soil-culvert
interface is assumed to be...
The dynamic philosophy of education as applied to the undergraduate Civil Engineering program has been influenced by such factors
as the introduction of new theories, the demands
and needs of our society and the personnel responsible for teaching.
These changes
are reflected in the curriculum as witnessed
by a historical...
Major emphasis of this research study involved the evaluation
of nutrient transport by overland flow. Samples gathered at various
distances relative to a swine-waste spray irrigation system were
used for the nutrient evaluation.
As a result of this study, the following conclusions are made:
1. It is improbable that the...
Sediment transport in a gravel-bottomed stream located in the Oregon Coast Range was studied to determine the effects of a single
layer of large particles (the armour layer) located at the surface of the bed material. The bed load transport system was studied jointly with suspended sediment transport to understand...
Calcareous sediments containing a large percentage of foraminiferal
microskeletal tests were taken from sites in the Panama Basin
and subjected to an investigation to determine the consolidation characteristics
of this type of soil. The consolidation-stress curves and
the time rate of consolidation curves in particular were investigated
in this study....
Plate loading tests in rock are deceptively simple tests to perform.
Consequently, many varieties have been developed in the past
60 years. From each of the varieties various investigators have added
their own developments and modifications, some good, and some not so
good. The result has been a confusion of...
Aerial photography has become a valuable method of acquiring
information on estuarine current circulation patterns. The method
provides a comprehensive picture of nearly simultaneous surface
water movements. It represents a significant improvement over
conventional surface float and current meter methods because large
areas may be covered in great detail with...
Prediction equations were developed for estimating the flow
regime at ungaged stream locations in the Oregon coastal range.
Principal components analysis was used to screen the initial data set
of physiographic and meteorological parameters. The final regression
equations for predicting mean monthly flow had standard errors of
estimate ranging from...
A one-dimensional, implicit, finite-difference model is
developed, calibrated and verified for three estuaries along
the central Oregon coast. The model is used to generate controlled
data for a large number of hypothetical estuaries.
Two non-dimensional coefficients, K[subscript F], and. K[subscript I], are developed
incorporating physical characteristics of the estuary which...
This paper presents an application of the wave equation to the
problem of selecting a driving hammer for prestressed concrete piles.
The potentially damaging effects of these types of hammers on various
prestressed concrete piles were analyzed by means of parametric
studies carried out on a hypothetical group of problems...
Hydraulic dredging is and most certainly will remain a primary
means of maintaining and improving ship channels and for land
reclamation in near-shore water. The study of which this thesis
describes a part is intended to develop a method of predetermining the
immediate disposition of sand spoils from hydraulic dredging...
Seasonal data on tides, water quality and sediments in the
Siuslaw Estuary were collected. Tide and velocity data were analyzed
to evaluate damping conditions in the estuary. The system was found
to approximate a weakly damped standing wave. A strong relationship
of damping conditions to river flow was observed. The...
Full scale test roads combined with a theoretical analysis were
used to evaluate the benefits of incorporating a fabric as a base course
support material for gravel paved roads.
One material, a synthetic, nonwoven, polypropylene fabric was
used in this investigation. This fabric was used on top of the subgrade...
The usual approach to calculation of the ultimate bearing
capacity of plastic silt is to assume no porewater drainage occurs
during the loading period. The coefficient of permeability of plastic
silt is generally significantly larger than clay; therefore, partial
drainage of porewater may occur during the loading period. This
study...
The concept of placing high strength linear reinforcements in a
soil backfill to produce a vertical retaining structure is a recent idea
that has been applied with success at a number of locations. Rational
procedures have been developed for the design of these structures
when the reinforcements consist of long...
A problem confronting the Corps of Engineers and other water resources planners in the Pacific Northwest is the prediction of anadromous fish enhancement benefits that would result from a proposed high dam project. These benefits are expected from augmenting natural streamflows with relatively cold reservoir withdrawals. The resulting increased streamflows...
This report describes the hydrodynamic testing and
evaluation of a one-tenth scale model of the FMC Wave
Attenuation Device. The purpose of the test was to quantify
the wave attenuation characteristics and structural loading
induced by a test program of monochromatic incident waves
on the submerged structure. The device was...
Land use planning, zoning, and subdivisions are integrally tied
to the land resource. The need for a land surveyor and for statutes
which govern his operation when working in these areas is stressed.
A brief history of Vermont and Oregon, illustrating the role of land
surveys on settlement, is given....
During 1973 data was collected to analyze the seasonal variations of the tidal dynamics, water quality and sediments of the Alsea
Estuary. A summary of historical information with a list of all
known alterations to the estuary was made. A complete physical
description, including the geographical setting and mixing classification...
This paper examines the response of submerged model sand
slopes to vibration and the beneficial effects of placing rock revetments
on the face of the slope to prevent flaw slides.
Pore water pressure response and deflection were used as a
criteria for stability in an attempt to relate stability with...
A single cell in a 12 cell bulkhead was instrumented to observe
its behavior and confirm design assumptions during construction.
Vibrating wire strain gages were employed to measure horizontal
strains in sheetpiling webs. These were converted to interlock
force at eight locations and three elevations around the cell. The
deformed...
The mean square displacement response of a point on a transmission
line conductor that is subjected to wind gust generated lift forces is
computed. The wind gust velocity and wind gust generated lift forces
are treated as random processes in both time and space. A lift force,
that is velocity...
Channel maintenance operations in the rivers and harbors of the
United States annually require the disposal of over 320 million cubic
meters of dredge spoils. As the availability of suitable land sites
diminishes, open water disposal presents an attractive yet controversial
alternative method. For open water disposal to be acceptable,...
This paper presents a method of predicting penetration
resistance for driven piles, using known driving records for driving
the same type piling in similar subsurface conditions. As known
driving records are not always available to the analyst, a method was
also investigated using soil data only. The analytical tools employed...
Settlement of structures built on geologically recent compressible alluvium is a common cause of concern during design. Total settlement results from a combination of: 1) initial elastic settlement, 2) primary consolidation, and 3) secondary compression. The reliability of prediction of total settlement is affected by an understanding of these components...
Short non-flexible elements of cable were driven harmonically
in water while constrained by springs. The cable elements were observed
to oscillate at approximately the Strouhal vortex shedding
frequency. Damped resonance occurred near the point where the natural
frequency and the Strouhal vertex shedding frequency were equal.
Transverse oscillation amplitudes greater...