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Filtering by: Creator Coblentz, Kyle E. Remove constraint Creator: Coblentz, Kyle E. Degree Field Computer Science Remove constraint Degree Field: Computer Science

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  • Comparing Chemical Kinetic Model Reduction Techniques Using pyMARS

    Creator:
    Mestas, Phillip O., III
    Abstract:
    Accurately modeling the chemistry of conventional and alternative liquid transportation fuels in combustion technology is vital to predicting important quantities such as the burning rate, heat release, and pollutant emissions. However, incorporating detailed chemical kinetic models into reactive-flow simulations poses a significant challenge due to the associated high computational expense...
    Resource Type:
    Honors College Thesis
    Full Text:
    Using pyMARS Abstract approved: Kyle Niemeyer Accurately modeling the chemistry of conventional and

  • General purpose, client configurable fuzzy logic expert control system

    Creator:
    Huntley, Kyle
    Abstract:
    In this paper we describe a fuzzy logic based control system implemented on a PC architecture. The rule based inference engine of this expert system is easily configured through an ascii text file and is demonstrated to be capable of controlling various simulations, including an inverted pendulum. The controller is...
    Resource Type:
    Capstone Project
    Full Text:
    Control System Kyle Huntley Department of Computer Science Oregon State University Corvallis, OR

  • Exploitation and Mitigation of CPU Vulnerabilities

    Creator:
    Mestas, Phillip O., III
    Abstract:
    AMD SEV allows for the creation of fully encrypted virtual machines. This allows cloud computing tenants’ data to be secret to the cloud computing provider. However, it has been shown that the encryption scheme used by AMD can easily be broken. The attacker can create a copy of the virtual...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis

  • Leveraging Compressive Sampling and Machine Learning for Adaptive and Cooperative Wideband Spectrum Sensing

    Creator:
    Zaid, Adem
    Abstract:
    This thesis proposes a novel technique that exploits spectrum occupancy behaviors inherent to wideband spectrum access to enable efficient cooperative spectrum sensing. The proposed technique reduces the number of required sensing measurements while accurately recovering spectrum occupancy information. It does so by leveraging compressive sampling theory to exploit the block-like...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    0 0.02 0.04 0.06 M is s -d e t e c t io n Conventional Linear SVR Nonlinear SVR Batch

  • Implementation Techniques for Variational Data Structures

    Creator:
    Meng, Meng
    Abstract:
    Many applications require not only representing variability in software and data, butalso computing with it. To do so efficiently requires variational data structures thatmake variability explicit in the underlying data and the operations used to manipulate it.Variational data structures have been developed ad hoc for many applications, but thereis little...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    Martin Erwig, Amir Nayyeri, and Kyle Niemeyer for their interest in my work. Second, I would like to

  • Bitmap Indexing : Energy Applications and Improvements

    Creator:
    McCamish, Benjamin
    Abstract:
    Large databases and data warehouses are becoming prevalent for the storage and management of energy data. Accelerating the rates at which data can be retrieved is beneficial not only to allow for more efficient search of the data, but also to be integrated with other energy system tools. In this...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    not only to allow for more e�cient search of the data, but also to be integrated with other energy

  • Rendering and Simulation for Tires Rolling on Snow

    Creator:
    Clucas, Alexander
    Abstract:
    Modeling tire-snow interaction is important in designing effective snow tires, which directly affects road safety during wintry weather. Unfortunately, tires have complex tread designs and the physical properties of snow have not been characterized. We employ the Material Point Method (MPM) for simulating a material that mimics the fracturing and...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    Bailey and Dr. Kyle Niemeyer. I would also like to thank the other students who helped me during this

  • Enabling Virtual Globes for A Visual-Auditory User Experience of Spatial Data

    Creator:
    Gune, Aditya N.
    Abstract:
    Geographical datasets are large, complex, and can be difficult for users to navigate and derive meaning from. These datasets, as well as the unique insights derived from them, provide tremendous opportunity for social change -- many of the global challenges humankind is currently facing can benefit from analytics or visualization...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    grateful to my graduate committee: Dr. Margaret Burnett, Dr. Christopher Sanchez, and Dr. Kyle Niemeyer

  • Enhancing Instructors’ Teaching Experience through Virtualization

    Creator:
    Patil, Ajinkya
    Abstract:
    In the current education environment, many instructors make use of some type of software, such as Visual Studio or a software library like OpenGL, in the classroom. Incorrect setup and configuration on an individual’s own system is a common problem when using these software tools. This thesis explores the difficulty...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    additionally it pointed to a maturing of e-learners where once they realized the affordances and

  • On Avoiding Power-Seeking by Artificial Intelligence

    Creator:
    Turner, Alexander M.
    Abstract:
    We do not know how to align a very intelligent AI agent's behavior with human interests. I investigate whether—absent a full solution to this AI alignment problem—we can build smart {\ai} agents which have limited impact on the world, and which do not autonomously seek power. In this thesis, I...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation
    Full Text:
    .4.4 Seeking Power is often more probable under optimality . . . . . 166 E Parametrically Retargetable

  • Usable and Scalable Querying of Scientific Datasets

    Creator:
    McCamish, Benjamin J.
    Abstract:
    Scientists and engineers have to analyze and query multiple large databases. Analysis over databases created by phasor measurement units can provide insight into the health of the grid, thereby improving control over operations. Realizing this data-driven control, however, requires validating, processing and storing massive amounts of PMU data efficiently, which...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation
    Full Text:
    committee: Alan Fern, David Maier, and Kyle Niemeyer. I would also like to thank my peers for their

  • Meeting End-to-End Deadlines in Real-Time Networks Using Software Defined Networking (SDN)

    Creator:
    Almahdi, Rafid M.
    Abstract:
    Network flows in Real-Time (RT) systems need to meet stringent end-to-end deadlines in order for such systems to operate safely and reliably. Today, such systems use custom or domain specific network system designs to meet end-to-end deadlines and other constraints of real-time flows. In this work we explore the design...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation
    Full Text:
    Council Representative (GCR) Prof. Kyle Niemeyer. I express my appreciation to the Ministry of Higher

  • Object Tracking-by-Segmentation in Videos

    Creator:
    Chen, Sheng
    Abstract:
    This thesis focuses on the problem of object tracking. Given a video, the general objective of tracking is to track the location over time of one or more targets in the image sequence. This is a very challenging task as algorithms need to deal with problems such as appearance variations,...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation

  • Towards Automating Type Changes

    Creator:
    Ketkar, Ameya S.
    Abstract:
    Developers frequently change the type of a program element and update all its references for performance, security, concurrency, library migration, or better maintainability. Despite type changes being a common program transformation, it is the least automated and the least studied. Manually performing type changes is tedious since the programmers have...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation

  • Supporting merge comprehension when resolving merge conflicts

    Creator:
    Nelson, Nicholas
    Abstract:
    Distributed version control allows developers to manage software evolution among distributed development teams. But it does not eliminate all consistency and concurrency issues, and instead introduces additional complexity when merging code. And resolving merge conflicts is nontrivial when automated merging fails. In such cases, developers are forced to inspect the...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation
    Full Text:
    Processes Survey Codebook 157 E Encoding Decentralized Version Control History in Metagraphs 161 F Tool

  • Applying 2D Tensor Field Topology to Symmetric Stress Tensors

    Creator:
    Gao, Xiaofei
    Abstract:
    Tensor mathematics provides a powerful language to visualize and analyze physical phenomena. In the last three decades, tensors have been used in various application areas. The visualization and analysis of tensors fields have seen much advance, both in 2D and 3D. However, the physical interpretations of the topological analysis are...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis

  • How do Programmers Forage through Variants? Modeling Hierarchical Foraging and Changelogs

    Creator:
    Pandya, Bhargav Chandravadan
    Abstract:
    Complex information environments are often organized as hierarchies. However, computational models of Information Foraging Theory (IFT) have almost entirely ignored this fact. Models and tools for predicting programmer navigations have ignored people’s foraging behavior across hierarchies —called hierarchical foraging. Without modeling hierarchical foraging, our ability to build tools to support...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis

  • Facilitating Code Comprehension by Annotations in Canvas-Based IDE

    Creator:
    Adeli, Marjan
    Abstract:
    Developers spend a considerable amount of time comprehending code and building accurate mental models of the code. Understanding the relationships between software features within IDEs is difficult, with information split across different visual hierarchies making navigation cumbersome. Canvas-based IDEs mitigate some of the navigation costs by allowing relevant information to...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    , including a (f) bubble stack of references; (e) an overview is shown in the panning bar; (g) hover preview

  • Gender differences in robot teleoperation

    Creator:
    Showkat, Dilruba
    Abstract:
    Gender issues have recently received increased attention in human robot interaction (HRI). Because robots are becoming part of our homes and daily lives, it is important to understand how different groups of people use them. To the best of our knowledge, almost no research has been done that investigates gender...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    sequence is provided in Table 3.2. 15 (e) The participant stand behind the reference point (shown in

  • Version Control Systems: An Information Foraging Perspective

    Creator:
    Srinivasa Ragavan, Sruti
    Abstract:
    Software history and version control systems (VCS) are an important source of information for developers. This entails the need for a principled understanding of developers’ information seeking in VCS, both for improving existing tools as well as understanding requirements for new tools. However, it is only recently that researchers have...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    fo rm at io n En vi ro nm en t. Th e en vi ro nm en t i s o rg an iz ed a s p at ch

  • Playing by the Rules: A Formal Specification of BoGL’s Loops and Type System

    Creator:
    Grejuc, Alex
    Abstract:
    BoGL is a programming language created for the purpose of computer science education that is specific to the domain of board games. Although there is a language grammar and an existing implementation that is currently used by students, a complete and formal language standard does not yet exist. In the...
    Resource Type:
    Honors College Thesis
    Full Text:
    Programming, Domain Specific Languages, Educational Programming Languages Corresponding e-mail address

  • Explaining debugging strategies to end-user programmers

    Creator:
    Subrahmaniyan, Neeraja
    Abstract:
    There has been little research into how end-user programming environments can provide explanations that could fill a critical information gap for end-user debuggers – help with debugging strategy. To address this need, we designed and prototyped a video-based approach for explaining debugging strategy, and accompanied it with a text-only approach....
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    VLHCC’07 paper1. I thank all my coauthors—Cory Kissinger, Kyle Rector, Derek Inman, Jared Kaplan

  • Time-dependent shortest paths in treelike graphs

    Creator:
    Shirley, Morgan
    Abstract:
    We present a proof that the number of breakpoints in the arrival function between two terminals in graphs of treewidth ω is n^(O(log²ω) when the edge arrival functions are piecewise linear. This is an improvement on the bound of n^(Θ(log n))by Foschini, Hershberger, and Suri for graphs without any bound...
    Resource Type:
    Honors College Thesis
    Full Text:
    shortest paths, star-mesh transformations Corresponding e-mail address: shirlemo@oregonstate.edu

  • The sum of its parts : investigating the component pieces of GenderMag

    Creator:
    Hill, Charles
    Abstract:
    Previous work introduced the GenderMag method, a software inspection method used to help software creators identify features within their software that are not gender-inclusive. Inclusiveness of software (gender or otherwise) matters because supporting diversity matters—it is well-known that the more diverse a group of problem-solvers, the higher the quality of...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    % 56% 33% 29% 25% 0% 50% 100% Team GB Team GS Company E Company W Average Agency G

  • Exploring security metrics for electric grid infrastructure leveraging attack graphs

    Creator:
    Patapanchala, Panini Sai
    Abstract:
    Electric grid is a critical cyber-physical infrastructure that serves as lifeline for modern society. With the increasing trend of cyber-attacks, electric grid security has become a significant concern. Electric grid operators are working hard to reduce the risk of these attacks towards the system. Having security metrics for monitoring the...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis

  • Shape Modeling and GPU Based Image Warping

    Creator:
    Burri, David
    Abstract:
    This project addresses the problems of manually placing facial landmarks on a portrait and finding a fast way to warp the annotated image of a face. While there are many approaches to automatically find facial landmarks, most of them provide insufficient results in uncontrolled environments. Thus I introduce a method...
    Resource Type:
    Capstone Project
    Full Text:
    image. Other related work done by Kyle McDonald and Arturo Castro [21] is Dynamic Face Substitution

  • Toward end-user debugging of machine-learned programs

    Creator:
    Kulesza, Todd
    Abstract:
    The results of a machine learning from user behavior can be thought of as a program, and like all programs, it may need to be debugged. Providing ways for the user to debug it matters because without the ability to fix errors, users may find that the learned program’s errors...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    , Akshay Subramanian, and Rachel White. Kyle Rector and Joe Markgraf assisted with many of the less

  • Newcomers’ Barriers. . . Is That All? An Analysis of Mentors’ and Newcomers’ Barriers in OSS Projects

    Creator:
    Balali, Sogol
    Abstract:
    Newcomers’ seamless onboarding is important for open collaboration communi- ties, particularly those that leverage outsiders’ contributions to remain sustainable. Nevertheless, previous work shows that OSS newcomers often face several barriers to contribute, which lead them to lose motivation and even give up on contributing. A well-known way to help newcomers...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis

  • Knowledge Base Completion Leveraging Natural Language Data

    Creator:
    Shahbazi, Hamed
    Abstract:
    Information about named entities (real-world objects) is usually harvested from different sources and organized as a multiple relational directed graph in Knowledge Bases (KBs). KBs play essential roles in many NLP modules including question answering, fact-checking, search engines, etc. KBs are big but still incomplete: relational information among entities is...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation
    Full Text:
    Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.3 Entity-ELMo (E-ELMo

  • Variations Foraging

    Creator:
    Srinivasa Ragavan, Sruti
    Abstract:
    Information Foraging Theory (IFT) has successfully explained how people seek information in various domains, in turn, informing the design of several tools and information-intensive environments. However, prior research has not explored foraging in the presence of several, very similar variants of the same artifact. Such variants are commonplace in several...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation

  • Practices for Engineering Gender-Inclusivity into Software

    Creator:
    Hilderbrand, Claudia
    Abstract:
    Although the need for gender-inclusivity in software itself is gaining attention among both SE researchers and SE practitioners, and methods have been published to help, little has been reported on how to make such methods work in real-world settings. For example, how do busy software practitioners use such methods in...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis

  • Elucidating Computational Narratives to Facilitate Code Comprehension

    Creator:
    Chattopadhyay, Souti
    Abstract:
    Programming is integrated across the workflow of multiple domains where end-user programmers, those who need to program as a means to an end, regularly need to code. In the modern setting of collaborative development, end-user programmers have to interpret the intentions behind existing code to contribute and build solutions to...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation
    Full Text:
    participants by e-mail through internal address book contacts across multiple organizations, through social

  • Mapping Software Development Tool Design to Information Foraging Theory

    Creator:
    Nabi, Md Tahmid-un
    Abstract:
    The design of programming tools is slow and costly. To ease this process, we have developed a design pattern catalog aimed at providing guidance about how to design tools for developers. This guidance is grounded in Information Foraging Theory (IFT), which empirical studies have shown to be useful for understanding...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    include in no particular order: Dr. Margaret Burnett, Dr. Scott Fleming, David Piorkowski, Kyle M.D

  • Exploration of regression models for cancer noncoding mutation recurrence

    Creator:
    Xu, Tanjin
    Abstract:
    An important impact of the genome technology revolution will be the elucidation of mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis, leading to improvements in the diagnosis of cancer and the selection of cancer treatment. Integrated with current well-studied massive knowledge and findings about the role of protein-coding mutations in cancer, demystifying the functional...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    ) = e−λiλyii yi! , λi > 0, yi ∈ {0, 1, 2, . . . }. (2.4) The most common formulation for λi is the log

  • Studying electricity feedback for the home with an emphasis on the user

    Creator:
    Hunter, Josie Elizabeth
    Abstract:
    As non-renewable resources dwindle and costs increase, it becomes ever more important for people to understand and control their electricity usage. Eco-feedback devices are being developed to increase user awareness and reduce consumption. In order for feedback devices to be successfully adopted into the home, however, they must be appealing...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    to my partner, Kyle Stevenson, for the constant emotional support, for always listening, and for

  • Investigating the Impact of Teaching Inclusive Design Concepts on Ecampus Students’ Mindsets

    Creator:
    Garcia, Rosalinda
    Abstract:
    Although computer science (CS) education researchers and practitioners have found ways to improve CS classroom inclusivity, few researchers have considered inclusivity of online CS education. We have begun developing a new approach that we term “embedded inclusive design” to address inclusive CS. The essence of the approach is to integrate...
    Resource Type:
    Honors College Thesis
    Full Text:
    -centered computing, gender, computer science education, online learning Corresponding e-mail address

  • Computing Resource Usage as a Factor of Student Success

    Creator:
    Moissinac, Béatrice
    Abstract:
    Learning Analytics and other branches of Educational Research such as Computing Education Research (CER) implicitly assume that students, especially college students, have no barriers to access learning platforms or software packages. This assumption may be attributed to such pervasive beliefs such as "everyone has a device", or "everyone can access...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation
    Full Text:
    provided data and patient explanation of it: Josh Crowley, Mike Akey, Todd Shechter, Kyle Ribacchi, Keith

  • Computational Elucidation of the Regulatory SNPs in the Non-Coding Regions of the Human Genome

    Creator:
    Yao, Yao
    Abstract:
    We describe a series of novel computational models, CERENKOV (Computational Elucidation of the REgulatory NonKOding Variome) and its successors CERENKOV2, CERENKOV3, and Convolutional CERENKOV3, for discriminating regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (rSNPs) from non-regulatory SNPs within non-coding genetic loci. The CERENKOV models are designed for recognizing rSNPs in the context of...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation

  • Leveraging Generated Tests

    Creator:
    Alipour, Mohammad Amin
    Abstract:
    The main goal of automated test generation is to improve the reliability of a program by exposing faults to developers. To this end, testing should cover the largest possible portion of the program given a test budget (i.e., time and resources) as frequently as possible. Coverage of a program entity...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation

  • Interpretable Machine Learning: Applications in Biology and Genomics

    Creator:
    Danaee, Padideh
    Abstract:
    Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models impact our daily lives with applications in natural language modeling, image analysis, healthcare, genomics, and bioinformatics. The exponential growth of biological sequence data necessitates accompanying advances in computational methods. Although deep learning is highly effective for detecting and classifying biological sequences, challenges...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation
    Full Text:
    highly e↵ective for de- tecting and classifying biological sequences, challenges remain in extracting

  • Action Segmentation with Limited Supervision

    Creator:
    Li, Jun
    Abstract:
    In this dissertation, we address action segmentation in videos under limited supervision. The goal of action segmentation is to predict an action class for each frame of a video. The limited supervision means ground truth labels of video frames are not available in training. We focus on three types of...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation
    Full Text:
    -dependent Poisson distribution: p(l|c) = λ l c l! e−λc , (3.3) where λlc is estimated action mean

  • How does AAR/AI Support Problem Solvers with Diverse Behaviors and Cognitive Styles?

    Creator:
    Dikkala, Rupika
    Abstract:
    "What’s wrong with this AI?" Explainable AI (XAI) researchers are moving beyond explaining an AI’s actions, to helping users detect an AI’s failures. However this detection may not be enough—for actionability, we often need to pinpoint which part failed. We investigate how AAR/AI, a structured assessment process, supports users with...
    Resource Type:
    Masters Thesis
    Full Text:
    the 6 women and 11 men partici- pants, whom we compensated with a $20 Amazon e-gift card. PID Gender

  • Understanding and supporting end-user debugging strategies

    Creator:
    Grigoreanu, Valentina I.
    Abstract:
    End users' programs are fraught with errors, costing companies millions of dollars. One reason may be that researchers and tool designers have not yet focused on end-user debugging strategies. To investigate this possibility, this dissertation presents eight empirical studies and a new strategy-based end-user debugging tool for Excel, called StratCel....
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation
    Full Text:
    together. Kyle Rector also helped collect data during daily participant sessions for the study

  • Algorithmic Problems on Simplicial Complexes

    Creator:
    Maxwell, William
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation

  • Interactive visualization of diversity in multivariate data sets unified across fields of study

    Creator:
    Pham, Tuan N. T.
    Abstract:
    The study of the diversity of multivariate objects shares common characteristics across disciplines, including ecology and organizational management. Nevertheless, experts in these two disciplines have adopted somewhat separate diversity concepts and analysis techniques, limiting the ability of potentially sharing and cross comparing these concerns. Moreover, while complex diversity data may...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation

  • Information foraging in debugging

    Creator:
    Lawrance, Joseph A.
    Abstract:
    Programmers spend a substantial fraction of their debugging time by navigating through source code, yet little is known about how programmers navigate. With the continuing growth in size and complexity of software, this fraction of time is likely to increase, which presents challenges to those seeking both to understand and...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation
    Full Text:
    (Margaret Burnett), my coauthors (Rachel Bellamy, Chris Bogart, Kyle Rector, Steven Clarke, Laura Beckwith

  • Machine Learning for Precision Medicine: Application to Cancer Chemotherapy Response Prediction and Wound Healing Status Assessment

    Creator:
    Wei, Qi
    Abstract:
    Ph.D. candidate Qi Wei's thesis consists of two projects: Chemotherapy Project: a study based on the research paper "Predicting chemotherapy response of various cancer types using a variational auto-encoder approach" submitted to the bioRxiv preprint archive and accepted by the BMC bioinformatics; and Wound Monitor Project: implementing and assessing analytics...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation
    Full Text:
    . Elain Fu, and Dr. Arun Natarajan for their collaborative e↵ort on the wearable wound monitor project

  • An Investigation of the Effects of Merge Conflicts on Collaborative Software Development

    Creator:
    Brindescu, Caius
    Abstract:
    Merge conflicts have long plagued software development. With larger and more dispersed teams comes greater risk of developers working on the same code at the same time. While merge conflicts are known to be painful, their exact impact on software is still largely unknown. Are merge conflicts an isolated problem,...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation

  • Eliciting informal specifications from scientific modelers for evaluation and debugging

    Creator:
    Bogart, Christopher
    Abstract:
    Professional software engineers have an arsenal of techniques such as unit testing and assertions to check their specifications, but these techniques require tools, motivation, experience and training that programmers without professional software engineering training may not have. As a result, professionals in other fields, such as scientific modelers, face greater...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation
    Full Text:
    Bahmani, Joey Lawrance, Laura Beckwith, Kyle Rector, Chris Chambers, Eric Walkingshaw, Chris Scaffidi

  • Designing Diversity and Inclusion Processes and Tools for Sustainable Open Source

    Creator:
    Guizani, Mariam
    Abstract:
    Over time, Open Source Software (OSS) has become indispensable in the creation and upkeep of software products, serving as the fundamental building block for widely used solutions in our daily lives, including applications that enable communication, entertainment, and productivity. A sustainable OSS ecosystem is one that attracts and retains a...
    Resource Type:
    Dissertation
    Full Text:
    ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 E CommunityTapestry: A Dynamic Real-Time Dashboard to Signal Diversity and Turnover in Open