Novel mucosal vaccines (LL-M2e, LL-HAe, SG-HAe) were constructed from live, non-pathogenic Lactococcus lactis or Streptococcus gordonii that express conserved regions of HA or M2 antigens from avian influenza virus (AIV) A. All three vaccines evoked antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in vaccinated chickens. The addition of the adjuvant cholera...
The lagoons spanning Alaska’s Beaufort Sea coast provide a unique habitat for arctic wildlife. These lagoons and the food webs they support face extreme seasonality with nine months of ice cover followed by a spring thaw that pulses a large amount of freshwater and nutrients into the lagoons. Bacteria link...
The purpose of this study was to compare and test the efficiency of the leading kinds of media being used for the isolation and identification
of Clostridium botulinum type E strains, and to develop a
more reliable method and media for the differentiation of this organism
based on the "pearly...
Proper immune function is indispensable, as failure to mount an immune response against a pathogen can lead to serious complications or even death. T cells act by enhancing the activation of phagocytic cells as well as the activation of B cells. Their widespread influence on an immune response makes optimal...
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) a major grass seed crop
in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, is presently burned in the fields
after harvest, causing considerable air pollution and general wastage
of a material which could be used in the manufacture of economically
important products. The cellulosic component of straw is relatively...
A chitinase producing bacterium was isolated from soil and identified
as a species of Arthrobacter. The organism grew well at temperatures
between 27 and 33.5 C, and the chitinase production was highest
at 25.5 C. As the temperature increased above the optimum point, the
level of enzyme production rapidly decreased,...
Comparatively little work has been done on bacterial lipids.
There are profound differences between bacterial lipids in general
and lipids of the higher forms of life in such respects as the absence
of sterols, phospholipids low in nitrogen but high in inositol
and carbohydrate, the presence of large proportions of...
The anaerobic and highly reductive conditions found in the ovine rumen are considered favorable for the degradation of the nitroaromatic explosives such as hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). In this study, we used stable-isotope-probing to determine the bacteria responsible for the degradation of RDX in the rumen. Results indicate 10 μg mL⁻¹ (45...
There have been many studies that describe the protective degradation or metabolism of potentially harmful plant toxins, such as, mimosine from Leucaena leuconcephala, pyrrolizidine alkaloids from tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), oxalate and some mycotoxins by rumen microbes. There are many cases of plant-related toxicoses suffered by ruminant animals where there...