The shallow, wave-swept sea floor off the central Oregon coast
is used by 0-age flatfishes as a nursery ground. This dissertation
is based on a series of projects designed to: 1) identify the dominant
meiobenthic nematodes present in a coastal nursery area; 2)
describe the important temporal and spatial scales...
During the GEOSECS cruise of the R/V KNORR, July 1972-April 1973, a very complete and high quality nutrient data set was acquired for the Atlantic Ocean. One hundred and twenty-one hydrographic
stations were occupied throughout the Atlantic providing an
internally consistent picture of the nutrient dynamics for this ocean.
The...
Sediments of a portion of the central Oregon shelf between 17
and 339 m have been examined for modern foraminifera. Eighty-three
samples were collected from 33 stations along three traverses
located between 43° 16'N and 43° 50'N. One hundred fifty-five
benthic and nine planktonic species are recognized. Fifty-six benthic
species...
Sea level and current data collected near Newport, Oregon are
compared to determine an empirical relationship from which the low
frequency (f < .1 cpd) alongshore current field over the continental
shelf is estimated from observed sea level measurements at the coast.
Regression analysis of the near-surface (20-25 m) currents...
Changes in sea level during the past 20,000 years are recorded
in sediments taken from the continental shelf off the Rogue River,
Oregon. Sea level has risen approximately 125 m. during the
Holocene (Curray, 1965) and the general transgression has been
interrupted by several stillstands and minor regressions.
Box core...
Surveyor Deep-Sea Channel extends for approximately 700 km
over the northern Alaskan Abyssal Plain. It originates near the base
of the continental slope opposite Dry Bay and Alsek Strath and terminates
in the Aleutian Trench south of Kodiak Island. East of Giacomini
Seamount, the axial gradient of the channel is...
Many sediments, including the fine-grained pelagic deposits,
possess polymodal grain size distributions. Resolution of individual
modes show them to be related either to compositional fractions or to
depositional processes or both, and sometimes permits the tracing
of dispersal patterns. The Cahn sedimentation balance provides a
means of obtaining continuous cumulative...
Manual and automatic solvent extraction techniques were used
to concentrate organic material from natural waters. Field and
laboratory extractions were compared to determine the most probable
method and best solvents for efficient concentration of organic
material from estuarine and sea waters.
The large scale extraction processes utilizing extractors made
from...
Several series of measurements of the hydrography, currents,
and winds during the past ten years are used as a basis for an overview
of the physical oceanography and meteorology during the
upwelling season near Newport, Oregon. Data are described using
elementary statistics, progressive vector diagrams, coordinate system
independent spectra, and...
This study is an investigation of the endogenous, or internal,
rhythms of activity in the ocean shrimp, Pandalus jordani, Groups
of shrimp were kept in constant light and temperature conditions in
the laboratory, and activity was monitored visually and with infrared
photography. Other groups of animals were exposed to 24-hour...
The Cocos Gap is a deeper portion, or saddle, of the Cocos
Ridge and forms part of the western boundary of the Panama Basing
It is probably typical of saddles within most submarine ridges, In
order to determine the mechanisms controlling sediment dispersal,
the nature and sources of the sediments...
The results of a preliminary experiment suggested that a complexed
form of cobalt was more efficacious in promoting growth of a
marine phytoplankton than ionic cobalt. The phytoplankton used in this
experiment was Coccolithus huxleyi, a vitamin B₁₂ producer, and the
cobalt complex was cobalt (II)- ethylenediaminetetracetic acid [Co(II)-
EDTA]....
The problem of downward continuation of potential fields is
being considered. The basic approach involves computation in real
space using a power series expansion. The computation of the derivatives
required for evaluating the series is carried out on the basis of
two approximation methods, viz. (1) polynomial method, and
(2)...
Holocene hemipelagic deposition of terrigenous silts and clays
dominates sedimentation on most of the Oregon and Washington continental
slope. The sources of these sediments, the mechanisms causing sediment
dispersal, and the relative contributions of the various continental
sources to the marine deposits have been investigated using quantitative
mineral and geochemical...
Dissolved oxygen profiles made with an in situ polarographic
device reveal structure in the form of inversions and gradient
changes in the 100-600 meter depth zone off Oregon. Inversions
10-70 meters thick are traced over distances of 40 miles in some
cases and are bracketed by a distance of 8...
Columbia River sediment was irradiated with ultraviolet light to
determine if organic material could be removed without altering the
sorptive properties of the hydrous oxides of iron and manganese.
A laboratory preparation of Zn-65 spiked hydrous ferric oxide
was subjected to ultraviolet irradiation in order to assess the photochemical
effect...
Wind speed data were taken at a weather station on the coast
and horizontal wind speed energy spectra were computed. The shape
of an average spectrum obtained in marine environment is compared
with an average land spectrum and the presence of a spectral gap is
observed in the shoreline spectrum....
Hydrographic and bathythermograph data taken off the Oregon
coast during a two week period in August of 1969 were analyzed to
determine if heat content and mixed layer depth may be used as
indicators of Columbia River plume water.
Heat content was found to be a poor indicator of plume...
Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen concentration
measured in an estuary were analyzed to determine if the effects of
coastal upwelling could be observed and used to effectively monitor
the degree of upwelling.
Hydrographic data collected weekly at a point four miles from
the entrance of Yaquina Bay (Buoy 15) were...
Levels of ⁶⁵Zn in water, sediments, plants, and animals in
Alder Slough, a small ecosystem in the Columbia River Estuary,
were determined periodically during a one year period. Concentrations
of total Zn in organisms were also measured to permit
computation of specific activities (μCi⁶⁵Zn/g total Zn). Temporal
fluctuations in the...
Fourier techniques have recently become popular for the
description of underwater image transmission. Two properties
necessary for the application of Fourier techniques to any system
are those of linearity and invariance. This work describes a
laboratory investigation of these properties for a variety of
aqueous media. The hypothesis is found...
Quartz is an ubiquitous component of marine sediments. Textural
characteristics of this component reflect the dynamics of its transport
and at the same time are indicative of its source.
Quartz may be extracted from marine sediments by means of a
sodium pyrosulfate fusion and hydrofluosilicic acid dissolution without
significantly modifying...
The motions of a small spar buoy were measured in deep water.
The measured variables were two buoy tilts, three accelerations, two
wave slopes and the wave height. The variables were corrected for
buoy motion and rotated to stationary coordinates, Fast Fourier
Transformed, and analyzed spectrally. Analysis included power
spectra,...
In situ salinity, turbidity and temperature were measured at discrete depths and water samples for radioanalysis were simultaneously collected in the Columbia River Estuary using a specially designed instrument package. Particulate radioactivity was concentrated by filtration and the dissolved radioactivity by evaporation or ferric oxide bulk precipitation. Radioanalysis was by...
Radioactive chromium-51, a waste byproduct from operation
of nuclear reactors at Hanford, Washington, has been followed down
the Columbia River and into the Pacific Ocean. Chemical factors
influencing the partitioning of ⁵¹Cr between solution and sediment
have been considered.
Chromium-5l, in a hexavalent oxyanion when introduced into the
Columbia River,...
During the six-month period of July through December, 1966,
a study of animals inhabiting laminarian holdfasts in Yaquina Bay,
Oregon, was carried out to determine what animals live in this habitat
and to gain some idea of the factors which influence their presence
and distribution. This study deals with yet...
Direct measurements of vertical water motions were made in
the Oregon coastal region during the 1972 summer upwelling season.
The instruments used were the Webb-Voorhis vertical current meters
which are freely drifting neutrally buoyant floats capable of sensing
vertical motion. It was found that in the region studied, water tended...
An inexpensive method for calibrating an infrared analyzer to measure varying ranges of carbon dioxide partial pressures (Pco₂) is described. A discussion is made of the hydrographic (temperature, salinity, and sigma-t) and chemical (dissolved oxygen, AOU, Pco₂ pH, and nutrients) variables that were observed along the Newport hydrographic line in...
The abundance and distribution of biogenic, terrigenous and
volcanic particles in the Panama Basin are markedly dependent on
bottom topography and dissolution of calcite in the deeper parts of the
basin. Of the coarse fraction (>62μ), foraminiferal tests and acidic
volcanic glass shards are concentrated on the Cocos and Carnegie...
The apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid were
determined as functions of temperature and salinity in seawater
at atmospheric pressure.
There is fair agreement between my values of K'₁ and those
of Buch et al. (1932), Lyman (1956), and Hansson (1971). My values,
on the average, are 6.7% lower than...
The distribution of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the South
Pacific has been examined using a model of horizontal advection,
along the Sigma-t surface 27.10, with three point vertical mixing.
The core of the Antarctic Intermediate Water mass was traced
from the Antarctic Convergence northward. The charts used to
describe the...
Seismic refraction measurements along two unreversed lines
indicate that the earth's crust is 26 km thick in southeastern Alaska
and 30 km thick along the Inside Passage of British Columbia. The
crust in southeastern Alaska, north of Dixon Entrance, consists of
a layer 9 km thick with a seismic velocity...
Holocene bulk sediment and component accumulation rates were
measured in twenty-eight piston and gravity cores taken from the
floor of the western Panama Basin and on the surrounding ridges.
Radiocarbon ages and oxygen isotope curves provided Holocene age
control in nine cores. Time datums in nineteen other cores were
inferred...
To provide further information on the occurrence and geographical
variations of bioluminescent capabilities of marine dinoflagellates,
forty species, representing twelve genera, of dinoflagellates
from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, were examined for bioluminescence as
single cell isolates. Seventeen species from the genera Ceratium
(1 sp.), Gonyaulax (3 sp.), and Peridinium (13 sp.)...
Two thermal convection problems of geophysical interest are
examined, theoretically. First, convection in the earth's mantle is
treated on the basis of a one-dimensional 'strip model'. This model
results from further simplification of the well known 'Rayleigh model'.
For homogeneous, Newtonian fluids, the strip model yields results
similar to those...
Extensive new trackline coverage of the Chile Trench between 23°S and 34°S, including more than 60 bathymetric and seismic reflection profiles across the trench axis, allows a much more detailed study of the tectonics and sedimentation of this feature than previously possible. Sediment distribution along the axis shows a remarkable...
The wind field measured during Project JASIN 1972, a joint
British-American venture during September 1972, was analyzed.
These measurements were done, with equipment manufactured by
Ivar Aanderaa of Bergen, Norway, on large, anchored toroid buoys.
The results of the analysis of the wind field, which included
divergence and vorticity estimates...
Reliable data for tropical storm occurrences in the northern
portion of the eastern Tropical Pacific did not become available until
1966. Considering the years 1966-75, sizeable interannual variations
in storm frequency are evident. Six climatological factors are
investigated in an attempt to explain this interannual variation. These
are: (1) the...
A proposed modeling technique that yields a best fit to observed wide-angle reflection profiles incorporates (1) the use of migrated vertical reflection profiles to provide topographic control, (2) ray tracing to produce theoretical wide-angle reflection profiles for hypothetical crustal sections, and (3) the iterative adjustment of crustal layer dip, thickness...