Patterns of settlement of larvae and population dynamics
of juveniles are poorly known for coral reef fishes. During
1987 to 1989, I studied these phenomena in the domino
damselfish (Dascyllus albisella), a species endemic to the
Hawaiian Islands. Larvae settle onto branching coral heads
as new recruits (10-15 mm in...
Ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB) is an abiotic stressor in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. The stratospheric ozone layer, depleted due to anthropogenic activities and the cause of elevated UVB at earth's surface over the last four decades, is predicted to recover by 2065. However, UVB levels in aquatic systems may continue...
Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) has been suggested as a factor contributing to global amphibian population declines. While ambient UV-B levels damage the eggs and embryos of some amphibian species, few studies have addressed how UV-B affects other life history stages or sublethal responses. My dissertation focuses on (1) investigations of sublethal...
Careful analysis and thoughtful synthesis will be necessary for expanding the envelope of
ecological understanding. This work is my attempt at communicating both of these, in relation
to three questions about our understanding of the structure and dynamics of biological diversity.
These questions focus on a) advancing our understanding of...
The multifaceted role of the environment in regulating the structure and dynamics of biological communities has long fascinated ecologists and motivated much debate and research. Now, in a time of accelerated global changes due to human impacts, the need to understand how the environment shapes communities has gained new urgency....
Early theoretical models for the evolution of male-female
pairing were based largely on studies of birds. These models
assumed that biparental care of eggs and young was an
essential component of pairing. However, male-female pairing
is also a relatively common social system in coral-reef
fishes, and biparental care of young...
Understanding the dynamics of open marine populations is difficult. Ecological processes may vary with the spatial structure of the habitat, and this variation may subsequently affect demographic rates. In a series of observational and experimental studies in the Bahamas, I examined the roles of emigration, mortality, and predation in the...
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2.2 Per capita rates (1 + 1 SE) of (A) mortality and (B) emigration for
yellowhead and bluehead
I examined two amphibian communities to assess factors
that may impact amphibian biodiversity. The results suggest
that the potential factors which influence the maintenance
of amphibian biodiversity are multi-faceted and thus,
attempts to understand these factors must reflect these
complexities.
I investigated factors that influenced the susceptibility
of western toad...
Contemporary environmental change encompasses massive biodiversity loss and
increasing numbers of emerging diseases worldwide. As part of a global biodiversity
crisis, amphibians are disappearing at unprecedented rates. Batrachochytrium
dendrobatidis is an emerging infectious pathogen prominently associated with many
declines. Chapter 1 reviews the past decade of research on this system...
Dinosaurs represent one of the most successful evolutionary radiations of terrestrial vertebrates, with a myriad of forms that dominated the terrestrial environment for over 180 million years. Despite the fact that dinosaurs are the focus of extensive popular and scholarly investigation, relatively little is actually known of their biology. The...
Ocean Acidification (OA) has emerged as a major threat to marine ecosystems, particularly regarding calcifying organisms. A growing body of literature describing laboratory investigations into pH stress indicates broadly deleterious effects for calcifiers, but responses vary greatly across taxa and can be influenced by variations in other environmental characteristics. Scaling...
Dipterans of the family Ephydridae (shore and brine flies) are well
known for their ability to tolerate and thrive in a wide variety of
physically harsh circumstances. The immature stages of one such species
of this family, Ephydra hians, are characteristically limited in
distribution as benthic inhabitants of highly alkaline...
Most vertebrates exhibit seasonality in many life history traits. Such seasonal rhythms are temporally organized via the transduction of environmental cues (e.g., photoperiod, temperature) into appropriate endocrine signals. However, among ectothermic vertebrates that undergo continuous winter dormancy, temperature is the only environmental cue available for synchronizing seasonal rhythms. Most intriguing...
The tadpoles of several anuran species with groupforming
larvae are relatively unpalatable to many of
their potential predators. To more fully understand the
role of palatability and its relationship to group
formation as an antipredator defense in anuran amphibian
larvae, I investigated the palatabilities of the larvae
of three species...
Using techniques that permit the direct observation of
fetuses in vivo, prenatal behavioral development was
compared among four species in the rodent family Muridae:
the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), Mongolian gerbil
(Meriones unguiculatus), cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), and
spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus). Rattus and Meriones bear
altricial offspring, as do...
I experimentally examined the adaptive significance of the
anatomical and behavioral convergence between the harrier (Circus
cyaneus, also refered to as the marsh hawk) and certain owls that are
capable of capturing prey in total darkness. Anatomically, both the
harrier and owls have evolved a sound collecting facial ruff (a...
Recruitment of larvae from the plankton is an important determinant of
community structure in marine systems. In populations of many marine species,
recruitment determines the basic demographic parameters of immigration, emigration,
and reproduction. Moreover, the effect of recruitment as an "ecological subsidy" can
determine the strength of interactions among species...
Predators are fundamentally important for regulating and driving prey population dynamics as well as structuring ecological communities. Over-exploitation of marine resources has caused dramatic depletions of predatory fish species and shifts in marine community composition, with attendant declines in productivity and diversity of marine ecosystems. Despite the important ramifications of...
Although only a minority of introduced species become established and have noticeable consequences in their new communities, some can displace native species, alter food webs, and cause local extinctions. Studying these invasive species can provide new insights into basic ecological questions as well as inform management strategies. Pacific lionfish (Pterois...
Human actions are pushing natural systems into states that have no historical precedent. In response, empirical and theoretical researchers are increasingly focused on developing ways to predict the responses of ecological systems to change. However, significant knowledge gaps remain, often leading to “ecological surprises” where observed impacts of global change...
Many species have complex life cycles in which a dispersive larval stage is
followed by a relatively sedentary adult stage. For such species, reproductive output
is often high and large variation in survivorship throughout early life-history phases
(eggs and larvae) can lead to dramatic fluctuations in recruitment which may in...
Oceanic uptake of rising anthropogenic CO₂ emissions has caused the emergence of ocean acidification as a major threat to marine ecosystems worldwide. Along eastern boundary current systems, seawater is naturally acidified due to coastal upwelling of low pH seawater from depth. Compounded by ocean acidification, upwelling regions are expected to...
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Bruce A. Menge
Oceanic uptake of rising anthropogenic CO2 emissions has caused the
I studied the feeding behavior of marked individuals of the
carnivorous marine snail Thais melones in a rocky shore habitat of
Pacific Panama. The population of snails consume a variety of
invertebrate species such as bivalves, limpets, and polychaetes.
Individuals exhibited a range of diet breadth, with some
specialized, but...
This study investigated whether a device commonly used to measure settlement of mussel larvae for ecological studies, the Tuffy™, functions uniformly whether placed in a bed of filamentous algae or on bare rock. During the summers of 2004 and 2005, the number of mussel larvae settling on Tuffys in patches...
Biological invasions have been identified as one of the prominent drivers of global environmental change. In particular, invasive predators typically have substantial negative effects on populations of native prey, even driving species to extinction in extreme cases. However, beyond direct predatory effects, little is understood regarding the specific mechanisms by...
Many marine fish populations are severely declining due to over-fishing, loss of both juvenile and adult habitats, and accelerating environmental degradation. Fisheries management and the implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs) and other conservation tools are currently hindered by large gaps in knowledge about larval dispersal and its subsequent effects...
Invasive species are a growing global economic and ecological problem. Invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois spp.) are known to have extreme negative effects on coral-reef communities in the Bahamas, so understating their distribution within and among reefs, what limits their local movements, and the effects they have on native prey species...
My thesis explored the effects of environmental variability on population
dynamics and community composition of aquatic insects. Environmental variability in
the form of flow regime in streams can limit the distribution and life-history traits of
aquatic insects. I used tributaries to the McKenzie River in Oregon with dramatically
different flow...
Little, if any, quantifications have been made on the contribution of the vertebral column during jumping in quadrupedal mammals. Previous studies of jumpers have focused on the morphological and physiological specializations of the hindlimbs. In this study, such specialization was measured during the supramaximal jumps of the Pacific jumping mouse...
Although it is generally assumed that the intensifying abiotic environment is the primary effect of drought on aquatic organisms, drought-induced top predator extinctions may be an important underlying mechanism. I used manipulative experiments to disentangle the impacts of drying and top predator extinctions on arid-land aquatic invertebrate communities. I then...
The influence of the physical environment on organisms has long been a subject of ecological research. But, the complex drivers of environmental variation, and the multiple scales at which this can occur, make studying this topic a difficult challenge. In rocky intertidal habitats, oceanographic- and climate-scale variability influence benthic communities...
Over 150 years ago, C. Bergmann observed a within-species pattern of increasing body size as elevation and latitude increased. Bergmann’s data came from numerous endothermic taxa, but the pattern has since been documented among numerous poikilotherms and invertebrates. The ferocious waterbug Abedus herberti Hidalgo (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) lives in isolated populations...
Most climate change predictions focus on the response of individual species to changing local conditions and ignore species interactions, largely due to the lack of a sound theoretical foundation for how interactions are expected to change with climate and how to incorporate them into climate change models. Much of the...
Understanding the processes that influence the composition of animal communities is a central goal in ecology. Interactions between established residents and colonizing juveniles that affect the subsequent survival of juveniles may influence community composition. In a series of experiments on coral reef fish communities in the Bahamas and Australia, I...
The high productivity of Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems (EBUE), some of the most productive ecosystems in the globe, is attributed to the nutrient rich waters brought up through upwelling. Climate change scenarios for coastal upwelling systems, predict an intensification of coastal upwelling winds. Associated with intensification in upwelling are biogeochemical...
Ecologists have long questioned why fluctuating populations tend to persist rather than go extinct. Populations that persist indefinitely are regulated by mechanisms that cause demographic density dependence, which works to bound fluctuation above zero. In a series of studies, I have sought to determine the processes and mechanisms that regulate...
Inferences regarding the biology of extinct taxa are often founded primarily
on cladistically-based phylogenetic hypotheses. However, these inferences are
frequently inconsistent with the morphology and physiology of modern animals. I
suggest that reference to the biology of modern animals might be a more
appropriate tool to aid in the reconstruction...
The avifaunal composition of ten western Oregon forest stands located at the eastern base of the Coast Range was examined on a seasonal basis. The stands were dominated by Oregon white oak, Douglas fir or western hemlock, Avian populations were sampled monthly from January 1968 to January 1970, using permanent...
Oxygen binding behavior and subunit association-dissociation of
the hemocyanin from Callianassa are sensitive to several environmental
variables. Callianassa californiensis is a burrowing estuarine which
must survive changes in salinity, temperature and oxygen availability.
Previous work on the structure and function of the hemocyanin was
done under conditions which did not...
Succession and organization of rocky intertidal zone surfgrass beds
(Phyllospadix scouleri Hook) were examined experimentally at two sites
on the Oregon coast. The interaction of three attributes of the plant
-- high persistence, high preemption, and slow recovery -- strongly
influences the organization of surfgrass beds. Permanent plots indicate
that...
The threespot damselfish, Stegastes planifrons,
maintains individual territories that are clustered on
coral patch reefs. My objective was to understand the
effects of territory clustering on behavior and fitness.
Fish with territories in the center of a cluster had
(relative to edge fish): higher mating success (number of
eggs), higher...
Although endothermy is one of the most significant evolutionary developments in the vertebrates, its origins among extinct taxa have traditionally been difficult to determine. Endothermy is primarily an attribute of the "soft anatomy," and its key features, such as complex lungs, elevated blood oxygen carrying capacity and mitochondrial density, do...
Understanding the mechanisms that regulate local species diversity and community structure is a perennial goal of ecology. Local community structure can be viewed as the result of numerous local and regional processes; these processes act as filters that reduce the regional species pool down to the observed local community. In...
I examined two aspects of the reproductive behavior of the garibaldi, Hypsypops rubicundus, a temperate marine damselfish with male parental care. My primary objective was to determine the relationship between female choice and male parental investment in the care of offspring. In particular, I sought to determine: (1) how the...
The songs of the Bewick's Wren are discrete units of one to three
seconds duration with intersong intervals several times the length of
the song. Individual song repertoires at the William Finley National
Wildlife Refuge, Oregon, range from 13 to 20 song types, and a given
song type is repeated...
Floods are major disturbance events for riverine ecosystems, directly and indirectly impacting organisms and their habitat. In this study I investigated the role of riverine floods and flow alteration in regulating aquatic macroinvertebrate population and community structure. I examined this problem using a variety of methods: a meta-analytic review of...
The adaptiveness of polygyny in passerines poses a particularly
intriguing problem. The altricial young of this group require extended
parental care, but young of polygynous pairings generally lack the undivided
attention of the male which young of monogamous pairings receive.
Polygynous offspring may thus be undernourished and experience
greater mortality....
During 1969-1971 I studied patterns of resource allocation and
behavioral interaction among Brandt's Cormorants, Pelagic Cormorants,
Common Murres and Pigeon Guillemots in the area of a breeding
colony on Yaquina Head on the central Oregon coast. Extensive studies
of the breeding colony were combined with detailed observations of the
distribution,...
The organization of behavioral activities in time is important
to a bird's survival and reproduction. To be successful, either
proximately or ultimately, a bird must apportion its behavior in time
so that it may obtain sufficient energy for maintenance activities and
for such activities as migration and reproduction. The organization...
Across the globe, Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been established to protect biodiversity, sustain fisheries, and preserve cultural resources. However, there exist broad differences among MPAs with respect to their establishment stage and protective regulations, making it difficult to quantify how much ocean protection is actually occurring. This thesis utilizes...
The purpose of this study was to identify any ostelogical features which might prevent
paradoxical movement (=lateral collapse) of the abdominal air sacs in birds during inhalation.
A combination of 26 fresh and frozen adult bird carcasses representing 10 avian orders were
procured from local sources. Dissections of each specimen...
As ecologists are being called upon to predict the consequences of human
perturbations to natural communities, an important goal is to understand what factors
drive variability or consistency in nature.
In the rocky intertidal of San Juan Island, Washington, a comparative
experimental approach was used to investigate spatial and temporal...
Gradients of physical disturbance are central to
theories of community organization yet rarely are studies
performed in which physical factors are experimentally
manipulated. Pothole tidepool algal communities exhibit
distinct zonation patterns from top to bottom that result
from scouring by rocks and other debris in the pools.
Scouring is easily...
This study investigated several physiological aspects of the
water economy of the Sage Sparrow, Amphispiza belli nevadensis,as
they relate to the ability of this species to inhabit xeric desert environments.
When maintained in captivity on a dry diet without
drinking water, Sage Sparrows gradually lost weight and died. During the...
Volcanic activity during the Tertiary has long been held
responsible for the deaths and subsequent fossilization of the
vertebrate populations of the John Day region in Oregon. Oreodonts
as plains or savannah dwelling ruminant herbivores, were likely to
have been subject to potential exposure throughout their lifetime
to volcanic debris...
Changes in blood calcium and phosphorus concentrations were
characterized for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch) following intense exercise or exposure to
suspended volcanic ash or topsoil. Significant elevations in blood
calcium and phosphorus accompanied exercise-induced acidemia in both
S. qairdneri and O. kisutch. These elevations persisted...
The pea crab Fabia subquadrata is frequently found as a symbiont
of mussels, living within the mantle cavity. This study examined
the nature of this symbiotic relationship by recording the pattern
of distribution of individuals in a mussel bed, testing responsiveness
to host secretions, and observing the feeding mechanics and...
The heat exchange of individuals in a foraging mixed population
of Zonotrichia leucophrys and Zonotrichia atricapilla in western
Oregon is analyzed with respect to the direction of stance and
feeding location. Values for heat gain or loss in the field were
generated from a model that estimates the equivalent black-body...
Winters in north-temperate climates impose high
thermogenic demands upon small birds which are met by
seasonal acclimatization. This thesis investigates the
extent and mechanisms of seasonal acclimatization in darkeyed
juncos (Junco hyemalis) inhabiting western Oregon.
Although insulation is significantly increased in
winter, acclimatization is primarily metabolic. Increased
metabolism is required...
Population genetic structure is widespread in many organisms and can be found at small spatial scales. Fine-scale differentiation is the result of ecological and evolutionary processes working together to produce an overall pattern, but the relative importance of these factors in population differentiation is poorly understood. The goals of my...
There is increasing awareness that human activities are altering the ways that natural systems operate and that local shifts in species composition and abundance can lead to abrupt and irreversible global change. Therefore, understanding the processes that buffer biological communities from critical shifts and how our actions affect natural stabilizing...
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2.4 Time series of fairy basslet A) density, B) cumulative change in density, C)
interval
Environmental stress can negatively affect the ability of organisms to reproduce. Energetic trade-offs exist in all organisms, and under stress, energy may be allocated away from reproduction and towards physiological defense and repair mechanisms. The rocky intertidal environment is ideal for investigating the influence of environmental stress, as organisms are...
This dissertation focuses on the importance of pelagic subsidies in the Northeast Pacific to rocky shore community regulation. My results document the patterns of pelagic subsidy supply, determine if those subsidies are correlated with community structure, and examine if community regulation differs between areas of high- and low-subsidies. Understanding how...
Understanding how large-scale processes (>100 kms) influence ecological communities is currently a major focus in ecology. In marine systems, coastal upwelling, a large-scale oceanographic process in which surface water pushed offshore by winds is replaced by cold, nutrient-rich water from depth, appears to cause variation in rocky intertidal communities. Along...
My thesis explored the effects of and potential mediating mechanisms for an important environmental stressor, ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation. UVB radiation has negative effects on organisms in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. I used meta-analysis to quantify the effects of UVB radiation on a diversity of aquatic organisms (Chapter 2). UVB...
While community ecologists have traditionally focused on local-scale processes, it has become apparent that a broader perspective, which explores the community-level ramifications of material fluxes within and between ecosystems, is necessary to effectively evaluate bottom-up influences on community structure and dynamics. In this dissertation, I employed ecosystem principles to understand...
Interface habitats are considered valuable natural systems, tightly linked to adjacent habitats through the flow of matter and energy. However, there is limited research on mechanisms of connectivity such as movement of organisms and particulate matter and ways in which anthropogenic disturbance to interface habitats may affect immediate and adjacent...
The influence of loss of diversity on community dynamics and ecosystem functioning has recently received considerable attention. Although study of biodiversity has a long history within ecology, empirical investigations exploring consequences of loss have been rare. Because many factors confound diversity comparisons, experimental manipulations of diversity offer the most direct...
Previous observations of light levels and phytoplankton abundances along the Oregon coast demonstrated that phytoplankton attenuated light sufficiently to potentially limit the growth of intertidal macrophytes and therefore structure local intertidal communities. Inspired by this observation, in spring 2004, I initiated a study to quantify the direct and indirect benthic...
Parasitic infections and immune challenges can affect host reproductive fitness and, ultimately, the evolution of host populations in a myriad of ways. The fitness implications of parasitic infections range from increased host mortality to subtle changes in reproductive investment. From alterations of behaviors, sexual signaling, and competitive ability to changes...
A primary goal of population genetics is to identify the role of
microevolutionary forces in producing observed patterns of molecular and phenotypic
variation. I conducted four studies in the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens, to
determine just how mutation, migration, genetic drift, and selection influenced,
genetic structure of mitochondrial DNA...
Darwin devised the evolutionary theory of sexual selection to account for the manifold extravagances of courtship behaviors and displays. Mating interactions represent a major evolutionary process driving the elaboration, vibrancy, and peculiarity of these courtship traits. For my dissertation research, I strived to elucidate the dynamics that constitute the complex...
The host snail Biomphalaria glabrata and the parasitic trematode
Schistosoma mansoni are valuable subjects for studies evaluating and
defining immunological parameters that determine the outcome of
individual host-parasite encounters. In this thesis, both soluble and
cellular components of the snail's hemolymph were examined to gain
insight into the basis for...
Spotted-wing drosophila (SWD, Drosophila suzukii) is an invasive fruit fly species native of Southeast Asia. In vineyards, SWD lays eggs in damaged and intact fruit of the most soft-skinned varieties, and feeds on damaged fruits during the harvest period. Feeding and oviposition activities increase the likelihood of vectoring spoilage bacteria,...
I examined the biomechanical factors that influence the sizes of intertidal macroalgae by studying a population of Fucus gardneri at Fogarty Creek Point, OR. I constructed a mathematical model to predict optimal sizes and probabilities of survival for Fucus under conditions of high and low wave exposure. Predicted optimal sizes...
Juvenile T. townsendii were tested at 55-62 days of
age to determine whether 1) they could distinguish kin from
non-kin and 2) whether this ability was based on
familiarity or on genetic relatedness. Seventy-three pups
were observed in 68 pairwise tests. The frequencies and
durations of 8 behaviors as well...
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of acupuncture in dairy cows on caruncular matrix metalloproteinase type-2 (MMP2) tissue concentration and enzyme activity at 0, 2, and 4 hours after calving. Immediately after natural calving, a caruncle was obtained from the body of the uterus and flash...
My dissertation focuses on the factors that influence variation in female reproductive success in plethodontid salamanders and in toads. Variation in reproductive success fuels evolutionary change. Although, females often have been overlooked in studies of reproductive success due to perceived lower levels of variation when compared to variation in male...
Dicamptodon is the single, extant genus of the
ambystomatid subfamily Dicamptodontinae. Two species, D.
ensatus (Eschscholtz) and D. copei Nussbaum are recognized.
D. ensatus is found in the forested, mountain regions of
northwestern California and western Oregon, in the Willapa
Hills and Cascade Mountains of Washington, in extreme
southwestern British...
Intracellular symbioses between cnidarians and dinoflagellates from the genus Symbiodinium are widespread throughout the marine environment. These associations are ecologically significant, especially in tropical waters where symbiotic interactions between corals and Symbiodinium culminate in the formation of limestone reefs. This thesis focuses on cellular and molecular aspects of the symbiosis,...
This study investigated the effect of captivity on the chemical profiles of the female sexual attractiveness pheromone of the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). Dorsal skin lipids were extracted from female garter snakes collected from the Interlake region of Manitoba, Canada. A comparison of captive and wild snakes was...
An investigation of the correlation between a number of behavioral,
morphological and physiological parameters and dominance status of male
Ring-necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) was undertaken. Dominant
males performed significantly more aggressive behaviors than
subordinates and a higher proportion of these behaviors was directed
toward distantly ranked subordinates. Animals could also...
Characteristics of bacterial clearance were investigated in the
purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Echinodermata:
Echinoidea). Primary clearance kinetics were determined for three
bacteria, a marine Gram negative motile rod, a marine Gram positive non-motile
rod, and a fresh water fish pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida.
Various doses of live bacteria were injected...
In this dissertation I study evolutionary patterns at genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in frogs. AMPs are short, amphipathic, cationic, secreted proteins that kill bacteria and other pathogens through a non-catalytic mechanism that involves
binding to and disrupting the microbial cell membrane. In many animal taxa, positive selection is much...
Understanding the motivations behind the daily energy use practices of individuals may be very important for encouraging people to live more sustainably. This study delves into the motivations that influence the energy use of individuals in Corvallis, Oregon. Using a survey in conjunction with Energize Corvallis, the faculty, staff, and...
Ecologists must increasingly balance the need for accurate predictions about how ecosystems will be affected by climate change, against the fact that making such predictions at the ecosystem-level may be infeasible. Although information about responses of individual species to a changing environment is increasing, scaling such information to the community...
Dislodged macroalgae and seagrasses, also known as marine wrack, frequently wash into coastal ecosystems from the ocean and are potentially important ecological resources for biological communities. These!nutrient and organic matter subsidies may be especially important on sandy beaches, where little in situ primary productivity exists for higher trophic levels. To...
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4. Mean proportion of each functional group within a) sites and b) regions during
the fall
This dissertation investigates the context-dependency of species interactions between seagrass and macroalgae in upwelling-influenced estuaries. In all coastal systems, nutrient loading is multidirectional, resulting from mostly freshwater and marine inputs. The directionality of nutrient inputs may affect the rate of supply of organic matter to the system. In systems where...
Pheromones are chemical cues produced by organisms that affect the behavior and/or physiology of conspecifics. The orchestration of reproductive behaviors in many animals depends on the expression of sex pheromones. In insects, intraspecific variation in sex pheromone expression is commonly observed and often influences social interactions between individuals. To what...
The distribution and abundance of the interstitial acoel turbellarian,
Diatomovora amoena Kozloff, 1965 was studied in an
estuarine intertidal sand flat in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, from May
1970 through May 1971.
Monthly measurements of biological (organics, sulfides, chlorophyll,
and carotenoids), pore water (salinity, pH,oxygen, and temperature),
and sediment (fine sediment...
