Of 2,122 marine fishes belonging to 36 species collected in the
vicinity of Newport, Oregon, 541 belonging to 8 species were infected
with hemoflagellates. Four species of trypanosomes and three species
of cryptobias were found in offshore fishes, but no hemoflagellates
were observed in fishes from Yaquina Bay.
Trypanosoma pacifica...
The focus of this study is the American military
family. The primary purpose is to examine the family from
the paradigm of a distinct occupational subculture and,
substantiating that existence, to understand the
implications of work-family role conflict of the military
family. The objectives are to substantiate the military
as...
This study was unique in that it focused on the rural elderly of both Black and White ethnicity's, explored differences between groups by comparing use and knowledge of health services, and controlled for gender, income, educational attainment, health status, age, and health beliefs - the independent variables of the study....
The purpose of this study was to determine what levels of community satisfaction
and personal and household characteristics would result in a model of retirees and pre-retirees
and their propensity to move. This study assessed the relationship between certain
socio-demographic variables and feelings of overall satisfaction as well as satisfaction...
The study explored a model that integrates human
capital, family resource, employment and psychosocial
factors to explain variation in economic self-sufficiency
(ESS) among single mothers. A sample of 851 single mothers
on Aid to Families with Dependent Children was selected from
the Washington State Family Income Study data base. Data...
An investigation was conducted on parental influence
on adolescent's consumer activities in Malaysia. A total
of 4287 Form Four students from 32 randomly selected
schools, with 80 percent of their parents, participated in
this study. A majority of the adolescents were staying
with parents in rural areas. The adolescents received...
The researcher 1) explored Thai employed wives' perceived fairness in the
division of household labor and child care, 2) investigated factors determining Thai's
working wives' perception of fairness in the division of household labor and child care,
and 3) developed a model of the determinants of wives' perceived fairness in...
An integrated framework of Family Resource Management and Household
Economic theory was utilized to develop a model of relationships between
human capital, family characteristics and resources, number of income
sources, hours spent in home production, total income and subjective well-being.
This study utilized a sample of 129 women systematically selected...
Among the changes farm families have faced during the past two
decades has been the dramatic increase in off-farm employment. Historically,
women's involvement has been essential to the functioning of the family
farm, and as off-farm income has increased in importance, increasing
numbers of farm women have joined the ranks...
This study examined graduate international students'
knowledge, attitudes, experiences, practices, and
satisfaction relating to credit cards. Based on the
literature, international students attending U.S. colleges
and universities were considered an important population to
study because of: (1) internationalization of credit cards
and (2) the lack of credit card research on...
Resource distribution and adequacy, of elderly individuals and
families, was measured by determining an annual dollar value of
money and nonmoney economic resources. The nonmoney economic
resources were identified as fringe benfits, household production,
durable assets, interfamily grants, and community
provided goods and services. The data were collected by interviewing...
Thirty households were randomly selected to examine intra-household gender differentials in work roles and distribution of resources, between adult men and women, and boys and girls. Work related activities were assessed by time used in agricultural work, household work, and income generating work. Distribution of resources was assessed by expenses...
In spite of the high family demands associated with having an infant, an increasing number of women are choosing to retain close ties to the labor force during this period. This study explored the employment adjustments and job satisfaction of a group of women who became mothers for the first...
Forest management is rapidly undergoing a transformation from a discipline based on efficient commodity production to one for multiple uses, especially on federally managed land in the United States. This new management paradigm has challenged silviculturists to develop and adapt forest management techniques that can deal with increased demands. Using...
A method to measure consumers' housing consumption and
investment attitudes according to various dimensions was initiated.
In addition, construct validity of the measurement instrument was
initiated through use of personal variables.
Two scales were developed to measure homeownership consumption
and investment attitudes. The dimensions of homeownership consumption
and investment found...
Consumers' risk perceptions are examined to explain the underlying reasons for consumer
concern associated with milk from dairy herds treated with recombinant bovine growth
hormone (rbGH). A focus group study was employed as an initial step in exploring the
primary influences of consumer apprehension toward rbGH's use. The information
obtained...
The relationships between types of wealth components and consumption
expenditures were investigated as a means of better understanding retired
elderly household well-being. Specifically, the concept of mental account was
used to identify the characteristics of different types of wealth components, and
four mental accounts were identified: flow of investment, current...
Throughout the world, weather-related and other natural phenomena claim thousands of lives and devour billions of dollars annually in recovery efforts. Destruction of life and property in the wake of disasters is devastating, and can have a dramatic impact on families and businesses around the globe. Yet, published works specifically...
This study examined time spent in various activities by
farm women. Emphasis was placed on household work time and
how time is apportioned among various household work
activities. Time use of farm women was compared to rural
nonfarm women and urban women. Data were from An
Interstate Comparison of Urban/Rural...
Being old and female in America often means being alone and poor. To offset this outcome financial preparation for retirement should begin in the pre-retirement years. The purpose of this exploratory study was to assess the financial preparedness of mature, single women as they approach retirement by examining the relationships...
This study compared wives defined as underemployed by educational
mismatch with not underemployed wives on four major predictor variables--
relative market work advantage; degree of competition in the
female labor market; time demands from family members; and assistance
with childcare and other housework. The data were from NE 113, An...
The effects of selected family characteristics on
interrelated components of household asset portfolios over a
three-year time period were investigated. Specifically, this
study attempted to conceptually define mental accounts, to
identify own-adjustment and cross-adjustment characteristics
of these mental accounts, to explore influences of selected
family characteristics on these mental accounts,...
An investigation was conducted to determine the impact of economic and
non-economic factors on the off-farm work efforts of Oregon farm husbands and
wives. A total of 283 Oregon farm households (with husbands and wives) were
randomly selected from lists of persons deferring taxes for farm purposes, obtained
from County...
Fuelwood is a basic need for rural households in Malawi. However, deforestation has reduced the quantity of forest products such as fuelwood available to households. This has negatively affected rural Malawian quality of life, especially for women who are forced to walk long distances to collect fuelwood, prepare foods with...
The development of nuclear reactors as an energy source
requires a substantial investment in capital and effort. This
development depends heavily on accurate calculational
methods.
Space-energy flux synthesis, also variously called the
spectral synthesis method, modal method, and overlapping
group method, is one possible method. In this method the
energy...
In comparison with solar radiation, the energy of geothermal
heat flowing through the sea bottom is extremely small; nevertheless,
this energy is not insignificant in the circulation of the bottom water.
Calculations indicate that in the deep basins of the South Atlantic the
water volume transport necessary to remove this...
An automatic, continuous analyzer has been developed which
is suitable for estimating the level of spent sulfite liquors (SSL) in
laboratory samples. The analyzer makes use of a version of the
Pearl-Benson, or nitroso method, and, in its present form, is
useful for samples whose actual SSL solids concentrations are...
The relative bioavailability and pharmacodynamics
of tolbutamide from two different commercially available
tablet products has been evaluated in healthy subjects
in a single dose cross over study. Products were aged
by exposing tablets to 98% relative humidity for 3 days
at ambient temperature which was found to differentially
affect both...
The term "interaction" in evolutionary biology and ecology
describes the relationships among variables in two classes of causal
models. In the first, "interaction" refers to the influence of a
single putatively causal variable on a variable of interest. In the
second class of models, the term applies when a third...
Cephalopod-inspired soft robot arms have been studied as a new type of manipulator. These arms have been proposed for reach and grab tasks, underwater locomotion via swimming and walking, and robotic surgery. However, the capabilities of existing soft arms are limited to simple motions and light loads. Arm design has...
This dissertation delves into understanding, characterizing, and addressing dataset shift in deep learning, a pervasive issue for deployed machine learning systems. Integral aspects of the problem are examined: We start with the use of counterfactual explanations in order to characterize the behavior of deep reinforcement learning agents in visual input...
Breeding ecology and behavior were investigated in a field study of three sympatric anuran amphibians in the Oregon Cascade Mountains: the western toad (Bufo
boreas), the Cascades frog (Rana cascadae) and the Pacific treefrog (Hyla regilla). A comprehensive study of the western toad mating system was conducted at three populations...
Magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits are giant geochemical anomalies in the earth’s crust most often generated by normal magmatic terrestrial processes. They are often associated with oxidized and hydrous intermediate to highly evolved magmas that have concentrated metals and have the necessary components to efficiently extract and transport them as ascending magmatic-hydrothermal...
Vitamin E was first described in 1922 as an unknown factor required for impregnated rats to carry their offspring to term. In fact, when vitamin E was chemically characterized it was given the name "tocopherol" derived from the Greek: tokos = childbirth; phero = to bear; and –ol, indicating an...
Biodiversity losses in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems are accelerating at a global scale and the most threatened vertebrate taxa are those associated with freshwater habitats. The causes of biodiversity losses are often complex and include synergistic effects of natural and human-induced stressors, such as habitat loss and fragmentation, urbanization,...
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Andrew R. Blaustein Deanna H. Olson
Biodiversity losses in terrestrial, freshwater
Friends benefit both our psychological and our emotional well-being by increasing overall happiness, life satisfaction, and a positive sense of self among women. Often, however, friendships decrease in the later years. The purpose of this study is to learn more about divorced or widowed, retired women and their friendships, specifically,...
Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is an anovulatory condition in cattle
that afflicts between 6-18% of all dairy cows in the US. Ovulation is
dependent on the plasminogen activator (PA) family of proteases
and protease inhibitor for proteolysis, culminating in follicular rupture.
Failure of the follicle to ovulate suggests an aberration...
Vegetation provides food for many insects, and many insects serve as food for bats. We investigated the linkages among these three trophic levels in riparian areas throughout the Oregon Coast Range by examining the influence of vegetation cover, composition, and structure on the activity of nocturnal insects and bats, the...
My dissertation focuses on the evolutionary forces that have shaped the chemical signaling system of plethodontid salamanders. Pheromones mediate two phases of plethodontid reproduction: mate attraction prior to courtship and female persuasion during courtship. Substrate-borne chemical signals are believed to play an important role in mate attraction for these animals....
This study is a review of the researcher's deliberate strategies for
incorporating Latino culture into the teaching of a Spanish language course.
The researcher developed, presented and assessed a curriculum unit
designed to examine the social and educational problems of Latinos, the history
of Latin America, the effects of discrimination...
This ethnography describes RV [recreational vehicle] seasonal migration as an adaptive, transhumant strategy. The study population is retired, transhumant migrants, who are members of a nation-wide, membership camping organization. Fieldwork was conducted over a period of seven months at two sites located on the West Coast. These sites reflect northern...
A series of four trials were conducted to determine the influence
of selenium supplementation of a selenium- and vitamin E-deficient
basal diet on the absorption, excretion, tissue distribution
and placental transfer of a single dose of tritium-labeled α-tocopherol
in the rat.
In the first trial, the effect of supplementation of...
Effects of thermal and electron beam (e-beam) processing on microbial inactivation and physichochemical properties of surimi and surimi seafood were investigated. Thermal-death-time (TDT) concept was used to model Staphylococcus aureus inactivation by heat and e-beam. Gurney-Lurie charts were used to estimate temperature during thermal processing of surimi seafood. Dose mapping...
The word orogenesis is derived from the Greek words oros meaning mountains and genesis meaning creation and refers to the study of the complex processes involved in the growth and evolution of mountain ranges (orogens). Orogens develop where crustal deformation builds topography and forms landscapes. This dissertation explores the role...
Climate change is predicted to affect ecosystems, including systems already stressed by human impacts. One ecosystem that is already highly impacted by human land use is the cold headwater stream system of the Pacific Northwest. One method of assessing the function of an ecosystem is by using an indicator species....
Coastal multi-hazards, i.e., earthquakes followed by tsunamis, induce severe damage to coastal infrastructure. The multi-hazards can cause soil liquefaction, which is one of the major concerns for evaluating sediments transport potential and structure failure mechanisms. The objectives for this work is threefold. First, to build and validate a soil numerical...
This comparison study involved the exploration of architecture and social life of the thirteenth century Medieval, sixteenth century Tudor and eighteenth century Georgian periods. Within the architectural and social categories, the specific objective was to examine the changes in the five hundred year period. Three specific houses were chosen as...
The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that
influence electronics technicians to participate in work-related
training and to explain the relationships among those factors.
Based on Steers and Rhodes' Employees Attendance Process Model,
the subjects' willingness to participate in work-related training
was regarded as an indicator of...
Since the early 1990s, declines in northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) populations have been documented through extensive field surveys and range-wide demographic analyses. Although loss of late-successional forest has been credited as the primary cause for spotted owl population declines, environmental variation has also been shown to influence vital...
This study was undertaken to determine if the structured observation of student teaching affects student teacher performance. A Structured Observation Scale (SOS), as an instrument for student teaching classroom observation, and a Satisfaction Scale (SS), to assess the satisfaction of cooperating teachers, student teachers, and university supervisors with the observation...
I conducted a multi-scale evaluation of aspen – bird relationships in the northern ungulate winter range of the northern Yellowstone ecosystem during June 2001-03. Questions addressed were: (1) Does bird diversity increase with conifer presence in aspen stands? (2) Given known habitat selection cues, are migrating birds passively intercepted by...
Forest managers are challenged to provide timber revenues and other resources for society while protecting and enhancing components of biodiversity that are often associated with older forests or older forest structure, such as dead wood. We examined small mammal response to timber harvest in stands 8-10 years following group-selection, two-story,...
The purpose of this research was to determine a causal model of factors affecting
age integrated/age segregated neighborhood preference during retirement. Data were anaLzed for 1299 preretirers in four states: Idaho, Michigan, Oregon, and Utah, collected in a mail survey in 1990 by the Western Regional Agricultural Experiment Station Committee...
The purpose of this study was to explore factors
which influence Taiwanese vocational teachers'
participation in program evaluations, use of evaluative
results and, in turn, program improvement. Twelve
Taiwanese public vocational high school teachers were
interviewed during February and March 1992. To confirm
the responses of the teachers, 12 school...
Headwater streams and their riparian zones are a common, yet poorly understood,
component of Pacific Northwest landscapes. I sought to describe the ecological significance of
headwater stream riparian zones as habitat for forest-floor invertebrate communities, and to
assess how alternative management strategies for riparian zones may impact these communities.
I...
Three closely related isolates belonging to the A₁ serotype of infectious pancreatic
necrosis virus (IPNV) were selected for comparison, to provide insight into the nature of
variation in the virulence of IPN viruses. Brook trout fry (Salvelinus fontinalis) were
experimentally infected with the three isolates by immersion. Cumulative mortalities over...
My dissertation focuses on the factors that influence variation in female reproductive success in plethodontid salamanders and in toads. Variation in reproductive success fuels evolutionary change. Although, females often have been overlooked in studies of reproductive success due to perceived lower levels of variation when compared to variation in male...
A series of experiments with Aeromonas salmonicida and infectious
hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) were carried out to determine dynamics of the
spread of infection in chinook salmon (1.2-1.98g) and rainbow trout (1.2-3.1g). It was
found in experiments with A. salmonicida that fish infected by bath immersion became
infectious at 4...
I examined two amphibian communities to assess factors
that may impact amphibian biodiversity. The results suggest
that the potential factors which influence the maintenance
of amphibian biodiversity are multi-faceted and thus,
attempts to understand these factors must reflect these
complexities.
I investigated factors that influenced the susceptibility
of western toad...
A major goal of conservation biology is to elucidate the population genetic structure in threatened species and assess the relative importance of the evolutionary forces that shape that population genetic structure. I conducted three studies in the declining amphibian Rana cascadae to assess levels of population genetic differentiation and the...
The increasing demand for meals eaten away from home has increased the interest in
developing a more complete understanding of the food-away-from-home (FAFH)
consumption patterns in the United States. Previous studies have examined factors that
explain variations in FAFH expenditures in the aggregate. However, no previous
examinations have dealt with...
The management of the home has been a central
component of Home Economics since the early 1900s. It is,
however, an enigmatic behavior that has not yielded easily
to research. Recognizing that meal provision and food
consumption by families incorporate management processes
and occur on a regular and frequent basis,...
This study assessed social, family, and personal resources
available to individuals in a financial crisis situation utilizing
mailed questionnaires. The sample consisted of 74 subjects in two
groups: (1) individuals in a financial crisis situation, identified
by their participation in a Consumer Credit Counseling Service program
and referred to in...
The purpose of this study was to describe the transitions, support, and current
activities of students who completed baccalaureate degrees after completing
community college non-transfer degrees. The population was limited to students who
earned an associate degree of Applied Science, Science, or General Studies from
Oregon community colleges, and who...
Financial management planning styles were investigated with original data
collected from 180 unmarried, elderly women with a home economics college
background and living alone. Deacon and Firebaugh's (1975, 1988)
household management systems theory, continuity theory from gerontology,
and the construct of anticipatory socialization from sociology framed the
study. Three planning...
The purpose of this study was to determine: what factors
are important in influencing adult students to participate in
distance learning programs; 2) whether students prefer interactive
television or instructional television.
A review of the literature identified items that were
considered Important to students participating in distance learning
programs. The...
While historiography and interest in Tudor England at both the popular and specialist levels presents few signs of diminishing, there may nonetheless exist a sense that we have little left to learn about this period and its culture. A notable gap in our knowledge, however, remains regarding the mysterious disease...
Faculty-led short-term programs are the most popular type of study abroad experience for undergraduate students in the United States. The rise of the FLST model has created new challenges for institutions and faculty. This study undertakes a critical analysis of the practice of faculty-led short-term (FLST) study abroad at U.S....
Interest in the distribution of Clostridium botulinum type E
was heightened by the sudden outbreak of human botulism from
smoked whitefish chubs and canned tuna fish in 1963. The question
arose as to how widely the organism is distributed among fish
and shellfish in the Northwest and what potential hazard...
Chemoreception is one of the dominant sensory modalities for many species of salamanders (reviewed in Chapter 2). At least seven of the ten currently recognized salamander families are known to respond to some sort of chemical cue. These responses are as varied as delaying hatching, seeking refuge, or initiating aggressive...
Darwin devised the evolutionary theory of sexual selection to account for the manifold extravagances of courtship behaviors and displays. Mating interactions represent a major evolutionary process driving the elaboration, vibrancy, and peculiarity of these courtship traits. For my dissertation research, I strived to elucidate the dynamics that constitute the complex...
According to general top-down trophic theory, in the presence of carnivores, herbivore behavior and/or densities could change and result in an overall decrease in herbivory on plant communities. In this dissertation, I examined the potential relationship between gray wolf (Canis lupus) presence and absence on elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory of...
Disseminated neoplasia (DN) is a proliferative cell disorder that occurs in the
circulatory system of bivalves. The condition is progressive and lethal. At least 15
species of bivalves over a wide range of geographic locations have been reported to
contract DN. Prevalence levels of disseminated neoplasia can reach up to...
In the Pacific Northwest, multiple studies have found negative effects of
timber harvest on stream amphibians, but the results have been highly variable and
region-specific. In this collection of studies, I examined the short term effect of timber
harvest using a field study, and used lab work to examine a...
This thesis outlines the development of new elastomeric materials and manufacturing processes for soft robotics. Specifically, this work describes the development of custom material formulations for use in additive manufacturing, additive manufacturing processing techniques for silicone elastomers, and multi-component additive manufacturing techniques. Material synthesis and processing is a gap in...
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study was to determine whether
there were significant differences in students' achievement
and attitudes as a result of two different instructional
strategies utilized in a vocational graphic arts
program. In order to accomplish this, the following
procedures were considered.
Procedures
This comparative...
Federally designated wilderness areas in the United States are uniquely required to provide opportunities for particular types of recreational experiences. According to the Wilderness Act of 1964, the law that governs the management of designated wilderness in the U.S., wilderness areas are to provide “outstanding opportunities for solitude or a...
Porphyry Cu-(Au-Mo) deposits are critical sources of several economically important metals. The processes governing the total metal endowment and relative proportions of ore metals at these large magmatic-hydrothermal deposits remain uncertain. The Sulphurets porphyry district, in northwestern British Columbia, Canada, contains four porphyry Au-Cu-Mo deposits that each feature distinct Cu/Au...
Children's early self-regulation skills have long-term implications for a variety of academic, social, and health outcomes. Unfortunately, children facing multiple family risk factors (e.g., harsh parenting, economic disadvantage) are more likely to struggle with early self-regulation. Despite early disparities in self-regulation, promising intervention evidence suggests that high quality prekindergarten experiences...
Genetic diversity of two salmonid species, Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) and coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) in Prince William Sound, Alaska were examined at multiple spatial scales with three molecular markers. Pleistocene glaciers covered what is now Prince William Sound 8,000- 12,000 years ago and both species colonized the...
Environmental stress can negatively affect the ability of organisms to reproduce. Energetic trade-offs exist in all organisms, and under stress, energy may be allocated away from reproduction and towards physiological defense and repair mechanisms. The rocky intertidal environment is ideal for investigating the influence of environmental stress, as organisms are...
New approaches are needed to quantify and understand spatial patterns of stream fishes and their environment. Concepts in riverine ecology emphasize the importance of thermal zones and gradual longitudinal changes in physical habitat and biota, but little is known about spatial variability within the river continuum. I present a conceptual...
Assessing AI systems is difficult. Humans rely on AI systems in increasing ways, both visible and invisible, meaning a variety of stakeholders need a variety of assessment tools (e.g., a professional auditor, a developer, and an end user all have different needs). We posit that it is possible to provide...
The semi-arid regions of the Pacific Northwest are
characterized by a high degree of annual temperature and
precipitation variation. As a result of this climatic
variation, dryland nitrogen fertilizer trials on fallow-
,wheat rotations typically demonstrate a variable response.
Wheat growers in the area must not only cope with this...
Previous attempts to understand the factors affecting the energetic cost of locomotion have found a direct link between the energetic cost and the mechanical work done during periods when the limb is in contact with the ground. However, when the limb is not in contact with the ground during the...
The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of a safety systems approach, so designed, to reduce instructional needs by the application of research to the conceptualization and development of a computer-assisted safety management program. Procedure Two hundred accredited schools served as the respondent population for the study....
It has been proposed that individuals develop models
of premarital relationships based on their preferred ways of
experiencing love with another person. This study attempted
to operationalize the concept of relationship models to
determine if individuals differ in how they expect their
feelings of love to develop over the course...