This study traces the historical foundations of the concept of
constant ionic proportionality and the equation (Salinity [S%₀] = 1.805
Chlorinity [Cl%₀] + 0.030) which has been in general use in oceanography
since 1902 until 1969 and which is based upon this constancy,
The notion that the constituents present in...
Chemical dosimetry developed in response to needs created by
developments in the field of high-energy radiation. Shortly after the
discovery of X-rays in 1895 and of radioactivity in 1896, the deleterious
effects of ionizing radiation were recognized. To guard against the
injurious effects of radiation in medical application, dose-measuring
methods...
Three studies during three consecutive summers were conducted
at the Squaw Butte Experiment Station to estimate relative and quantitative
forage intake of spring and fall calving cow-calf pairs on
summer range. In a drylot study (experiment 1) individual animal
consumption of fescue or meadow hay cut at 2- to 10-day...
Bunt or stinking smut is a major disease of wheat. In the U.S.
common bunt, Tilletia caries (DC) Tul. and T. foetida (Wallr) Liro,
is a threat to wheat production in the Pacific Northwest. Screening
trials conducted by USDA Cereal Investigations Project in Oregon,
from 1955-1980, revealed that a number...
John Wesley Powell worked actively for public land system
reform while a director of geographical and geological surveys in
the West from 1869 to 1894. Although this has won him acclaim as a
conservationist, the basis of Powell's linkage of reform with
scientific work is poorly understood.
A study of...
A study of populations characteristics of T. turgidum ssp.
carthlicum and T. aestivum ssp. carthlicoides was completed using
numerical analysis. A sample of 74 accessions of ssp. carthlicum
and 20 of ssp. carthlicoides were scored for 46 characters. It was
established that three morphological distinguishable groups of ssp.
carthlicum can...
The education (particularly graduate education) of Americans
who were active in astronomical research between 1876 and 1941
is assessed for its effectiveness in preparing the astronomers for
careers in research. This period contains three dynamic changes:
the growth of American astronomy in becoming the world's leading
community of astronomers, the...
The reinforcement of wood and wood composite structural products to improve
their mechanical properties has been in practice for many years. Recently, the use of high-strength
fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) as a reinforcement in such applications has been
commercialized.
The reinforcement is manufactured using a standard pultrusion process or
alternatively a...
In a majority of light-frame wood buildings, studs
and joists are the basic structural components in walls
and floors. The walls act as bending and compressive
panels and transmit lateral wind and gravity loads to the
foundation. Joists are used in floor systems, and
together with the sheathing member act...
The light-frame wood structure is an assemblage of
several components such as walls, floors and roof connected
by intercomponent connections such as nails or metal plates.
The behavior of the full-structure is determined by the
behavior of the individual components and connections.
Whereas individual substructures were investigated both
experimentally and...
