The lakes, rivers and coastal waters of Oregon have long provided the state's residents
and visitors with unique recreational boating environs and opportunities. However, this popular
activity represents more than a form of recreation: boating is an important component of the
Oregon economy. Each year, boaters spend millions of dollars...
Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah, is surrounded by 191,884 hectares of wetlands. These wetlands provide critical habitat for hundreds of thousands of breeding, migrating and wintering waterfowl each year. As the human population around GSL increases, government officials have proposed to divert more water from the Jordan, Ogden, and Bear...
Properties of Mellin transforms are applied to the summation
of infinite series. A specific example of this application leads to the
establishment of certain properties of a generalization of Lerch's zeta
function.
Nine powerful methods of generating new tables of Mellin
transforms from existing tables of Mellin and other integral...
Oregon's forest product industry continues to be the nation's number one
producer of wood products. The forest products industry contributes significantly
to Oregon's economy. Changes in timber supply, land use policy, technology,
and product demand create significant impacts on the region. The activities of
the wood products industry translate into...
Recent changes in public timber supplies in the Pacific Northwest have increased the
importance of the role private timber plays in the forest products industry and local
communities. Most economic models of timber supply, however, have emphasized
national or regional markets where data are adequate and statistical testing methodologies
relatively...
Watershed management is widely recognized as an important component of healthy ecosystems and its success depends on cultivating the good will, stewardship values, and participation of citizens. Because much of the streamside land in Oregon is in private ownership activities on public lands will not be enough to protect salmon...
Forest recreation is one of the many non-commodity functions of forests that have
experienced a rapid growth in demand in the past few decades. Even faster growth in
demand for recreation is expected for several decades. However, such growing demand
for forest recreation is often not well perceived by owners...
Like rural residents in other places, people in rural Oregon have expressed concern about the demographic shifts occurring in their communities. Principally they are concerned about youth leaving and not returning. This analysis uses recent Census Bureau data to describe, in detail, the demographic changes occurring in rural Oregon. Particular...
The control of feral goats (Capra hircus) and relevant aspects of their biology were studied on Aldabra Atoll, Republic of Seychelles, from October 1993 - May 1994 and November 1994 - May 1995. A total of 832 goats were killed on Aldabra using both the Judas goat technique and traditional...
The practice of green infrastructure is synonymous with collaborative partnerships. Expertise from engineers, land care professionals, planners, and natural resource consultants are often required for successful project implementation. Traditionally, these professionals perform their responsibilities in their disciplinary “silos,” but this evolving area of sustainable development is creating a demand for...
The federal government is the largest single landowner in the 11 western states. The majority of federal lands is grazed by domestic livestock, a consumptive resource use. Communities have evolved dependent on traditional consumptive uses. Recently, non-traditional users today have contested public land management decisions and these users have become...
Brenda Ueland is a writer whose most noted work is a book which
explains her theory about how to write. She also published an
autobiography and a co11ection of essays as well as achieving some
notoriety as a magazine writer to the twenties and thirties. Ueland's
writing theory is based...
Declining population is a major concern for rural communities. In many places, out-migration has led to a loss of key services. This essay investigates the role of services, as well as labor markets, natural amenities, distance to urban areas, and community size, in determining net migration rates for small Oregon...
In the mountains of central and southern California, high elevation wilderness areas lack epiphytic lichens that can be used to inform us about atmospheric deposition in multiple ways. Epiphytic lichens are capable of accumulating elements proportionally to the local atmospheric concentration, establishing them as commonly used biomonitor of key elements....
The Symbolic Probabilistic Inference (SPI) algorithm was developed by Bruce D' Ambrosio for efficient calculation of prior probabilities in belief nets [2]. Although the complexity of the SPI algorithm compares favorably with other approaches to probabilistic inference [5], its actual running time is still prohibitively long even for moderately sized...
Riparian forests in the Idaho Panhandle, north of Whitebird, were surveyed for rare riparian lichen species. The region was stratified into nine geographic units and by stream size. Eighty-one plots were surveyed for lichen community, stand and river characteristics. Variables important to lichen community composition included regional differences, elevation, climatic...
The endangered Hawaiian common gallinule (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) is an endemic Hawaiian waterbird that occurs only on O‘ahu and Kaua‘i. Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) supports the largest population of Hawaiian gallinule on either island and is also one of the highest producers of commercially grown taro in the state....
This paper describes Schemer, a hierarchical software architecture for Real Time problem solving. Real time applications must be able to react to critical events quickly, and be able to explore simultaneous solutions in response to, or, in anticipation of such events.
Schemer, which is a Blackboard-like architecture, addresses the aforementioned...
The federal government owns 60 percent of Oregon’s forests and, since 1908, has shared proceeds from federal forest timber harvests with counties. These revenues
have provided a relatively stable source of funds for the provision of services by county governments in Oregon. Shared revenues from US Forest Service (USFS)
lands...
Functional traits of vascular plants have been an important component of ecological studies for a number of years; however, in more recent times vascular plant ecologists have begun to formalize a set of key traits and universal system of trait measurement. Many recent studies hypothesize global generality of trait patterns,...
A considerable amount of research and literature exists that attempt to explain the policymaking processes of central banks and, in particular, the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB). As with those studies, the purpose of this study is to explain FRB policymaking in order to understand FRB policy shifts during financial crises....
Large-scale ecosystem assessments aim to assist ecosystem management by synthesizing current scientific knowledge on an area, and by providing a foundation for policy discussions and decisions on land management. These assessments go beyond traditional research efforts by moving away from narrow scope, system, and institutional boundaries, and by attempting to...
An experimental study was made of acoustic switching of
pneumatic turbulence amplifiers. The development of fluidic devices
was generally reviewed, and the operation of the pneumatic turbulence
amplifiers made for testing was described. The characteristics
of the turbulence amplifiers were experimentally determined
and found to be typical for this type...
Wetland restoration mitigates effects of agricultural development on water quality, flooding, and habitat loss. Multi-objective optimization for wetland locations and sizes has not included objective functions for water quality, hydrology, and habitat in unison, limiting analysis of trade-offs among these ecosystem services. This study establishes two methods to improve the...
Rural communities will continue to be disproportionately shocked by economic fluctuations. Market forces are likely to lead to the decline of many rural communities and they will need to be economically resilient to survive. This thesis draws on several social sciences and the natural sciences to develop ideas that communities...
Historically, rural economic development has focused on attracting outside firms or increasing exploitation of natural resources, often without equitable or lasting returns to the community. The Rural Wealth Creation framework was developed as a systems-based approach to assessing and leveraging local assets for the creation of lasting wealth in communities....
Cross-seasonal effects, where conditions in one season can have consequences in a following season, can have population-level implications for migratory species. To assess the presence of cross-seasonal effects on a migratory dabbling duck population, we examined the relative importance of habitat conditions in multiple seasons on the subsequent productivity of...
State and federal aid payments to local governments have grown explosively over the last fifteen years. One reason for this growth is that the donor governments can alter a local government's budget choices through grants. Grants have not remedied social problems, however, because the local governments' responses to grants were...
I developed a priori hypotheses and used logistic regression to model Greater Sandhill
Crane (Grus canadensis tabida) nest success in relation to weather, habitat and management variables for cranes breeding at Malheur National Wildlife Refuge (MNWR) in southeast Oregon. My primary interest was to investigate the effects of habitat conditions...
The life history traits of polygamous, non-territorial shorebirds like the Red Phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius) can make it challenging to assess their population status. There are two general approaches to statistical inference used to understand shorebird (Order: Charadriiformes) population change: design-based inference, which implements an a-priori sampling scheme with known selection...
The population of dusky Canada geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis; hereafter, dusky geese) nesting on the western Copper River Delta (CRD) in south- central Alaska has been in decline since the late 1970s. In an effort to alleviate mammalian predation, increase nest success, and avoid a listing under the U.S. Endangered...
The ecology of netleaf hackberry (Celtis reticulata Torr.) is poorly known
throughout its broad western range. To gain some understanding of the species' basic
ecology, three components of its life history were studied. First, seed germination
requirements were analyzed under laboratory conditions. Second, hackberry population
dynamics were evaluated from tree...
Feral goat (Capra hircus) populations adversely impact native insular biota and physical habitats worldwide. The effectiveness of the Judas goat technique for eradicating remnant feral goats was studied on San Clemente Island (SCI), California from June 1989 through April 1991. By April 1991, 263 feral goats were killed on SCI;...
The potential for Rocky Mountain mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus)
to host exotic chewing lice (Damalinia (Cervicola) sp.) believed to cause deer hair
loss syndrome in Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus),
was investigated in captive deer held in pens at E.E. Wilson Wildlife Area, Corvallis,
Oregon from March 2004...
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Bruce E. Coblentz
The potential for Rocky Mountain mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus
Birth and pupping season records of Pacific harbor seals
(Phoca vitulina richardsi) were used in an analysis of
photoperiod effect on the timing of birth in this species. Dates
and latitudes of births were converted into photoperiods using a
photoperiod equation. Sequential dates from parturition were
converted into photoperiods and...
The Cackling goose (Branta hutchinsii minima) population has increased from a low of 20,000 in 1984 to the current population of 220,000-300,000 (Stehn 2012, Sanders 2013). As the Cackling goose population began to recover in the late 1990s, the majority of the population relocated from wintering in California to the...
A population of Spermophilus beecheyi was studied to determine
patterns of individual spacing, behavioral interactions among different
sex and age classes, and the relationship between aspects of S. beecheyi
social structure and sociality to those of other sciurids. Research was
conducted on a population of squirrels living in an abandoned...
From 1979 through 1984 the economic bases of rural
Oregon counties have undergone structural change. Nonwage
income, especially transfer payments, has played an
important role in these changes. Demographic changes in
rural counties have contributed to the growth in unearned
income.
The economic structure of rural Oregon counties was
estimated...
The Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) is one conservation tool that mitigates national wetland loss and a primary goal for the program includes optimizing wildlife habitat by restoring wetland functions and values. Few studies have evaluated the WRP, which limits our understanding of its impact on wildlife populations. I assessed the...
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Bruce D. Dugger
Abstract
The Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) is one conservation tool that
The endangered Hawaiian Duck (koloa maoli; Anas wyvilliana), a non-migratory and island-endemic species, experienced a significant population decline during the twentieth century due to factors such as habitat loss, overharvest, introduced mammalian predators, and hybridization with introduced feral Mallards (A. platyrhynchos). A key objective for Hawaiian Duck recovery is to...
The effect of photoperiod and temperature on ovarian
follicle development and fat production was studied
in a colonized population of CuZex peus Speiser from
Philomath, Oregon.
Females were subjected to simulated fall conditions
of photoperiod and temperature. Under a combination of
short photoperiod and low temperature, there were various
effects...
A net shift analysis was used to analyze growth in employment
and value added from 1954 to 1982 in SIC 2037, Frozen Fruits, Fruit
Juices, and Vegetables. This analysis indicated that the Pacific
Northwest dominated the growth experienced in this sector over this
time period. Oregon's share of total U.S....
Lichen sensitivity to air quality has been recognized in Europe
for over 125 years: recently Federal agencies in this country have
begun using lichens as air quality bioindicators. This study presents
the results of three different approaches to air quality biomonitoring
using lichens: (1) a lichen community analysis, (2) an...
Growing emphasis on ecosystem and landscape-level forest management across North America has spurred an examination of alternative management strategies which focus on emulating dynamic natural disturbance processes, particularly those associated with forest fire regimes. This topic is the cornerstone of research in the Blue River Landscape Study (BRLS) taking place...
A herd of California bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis californiana),
re-introduced to the area of Hell Creek on the Sheldon National
Wildlife Refuge in northwestern Nevada, was studied from 15 June 1978
to 20 August 1980.
Major vegetation and physiographic types were delineated and
described. Habitat preferences were determined from field...
Wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) were first successfully introduced into Oregon and Washington in the 1960s; the population has grown in size and expanded in distribution to a point where it provides an important recreational hunting opportunity in both states that generates significant funds for habitat conservation and contributes financially to...
Recently the National Park Service has proposed raising fence heights to exclude mouflon sheep (Ovis musimon) from conservation areas at Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. Concern over previous mortality of Hawaiian Petrels (Pterodronia sandwichensis) due to collision with fences prompted this study to quantify the potential effects of raising fence heights...
Peptide-phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMOs) are synthetic DNA mimics that bind and silence gene targets. Through designing PPMOs that silence essential or resistance genes in pathogens, these antisense oligomers could be utilized as novel antimicrobials. Towards this end, my thesis employed minimum inhibitory concentration assays (MICs) to identify PPMOs capable of...
Novel mucosal vaccines (LL-M2e, LL-HAe, SG-HAe) were constructed from live, non-pathogenic Lactococcus lactis or Streptococcus gordonii that express conserved regions of HA or M2 antigens from avian influenza virus (AIV) A. All three vaccines evoked antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in vaccinated chickens. The addition of the adjuvant cholera...
The western North Atlantic population of the northern right whale (Eubalaena
glacialis) was severely depleted by whaling over the last century. Despite over fifty
years of protection, fewer than four hundred individuals are believed to exist in the
North Atlantic. Relatively little is known about the diving behavior, respiratory
physiology,...
The relationship between population and residential property taxes
is not well understood. This study is an attempt to discern the relationship.
The basic questions examined are: How does population affect tax
bills? What are the short-run and long-run relationships between population and taxes? What reasons lie behind the answers to...
Forests in the Blue Mountains region of eastern Oregon and Washington are facing a large-scale forest health crisis. Poor forest conditions have greatly increased the risk of catastrophic wildfire. Resource managers in the Wallowa-Whitman, Umatilla, and Malheur National Forests are utilizing prescribed fire and mechanized thinning treatments to reduce hazardous...
Absentee-owned manufacturing plants made up a significant
portion of the manufacturing sector in Oregon. In both 1969 and
1979, more than a quarter of the state's wage and salary
manufacturing workers were employed by manufacturers whose home
offices were located in other states or nations. Although the
orthodox economic view...
This study examines the link between policy-induced
changes in the relative prices of Mexican and U.S. frozen
vegetables and their shares of the U.S. market. Several
scenarios were examined in order to assess the impacts on
quantities demanded of both U.S. and Mexican produced
frozen vegetables caused by changes in...
Three products derived from shrimp processing waste (Pandalus
jordani) and a protein concentrate extracted from king crab waste
(Paralithodes camschatica) were evaluated as feed supplements for
standard dark and sapphire pelter mink (Mustela vison) replacing
approximately 10 and/or 20 percent of the protein in a standard wet
diet (33 percent...
Forty-two fall-calving crossbred cows were equally
allotted to six pens of seven cow-calf pairs each. Two
treatments (0 and 200 mg lasalocid/head/day) with three
replications were used to determine the effects of
lasalocid on fall-calving beef cows. The cows were fed
grass hay, haylage and pasture ad libitum. The cow-calf...
A field study on grass field burning was conducted in the
Willamette Valley of Oregon during the summer of 1965. Approximately 243,000 acres of grass fields are burned in the valley during
August and September. Serious air pollution problems result from
this burning. The purposes of the study were to...
Geophysical data collected in 1975 and 1976 reveal major
crustal and tectonic elements of the continental margin of southern
Baja California. Gravity, magnetic, seismic reflection and bathymetric data show seaward extension of the islands enclosing Magdalena
and Almejas Bays. A seismic reflection profile, oriented
approximately normal to the trend of...
A water-to-water heat pump was specifically designed and operated
to temper process water for cleansing and sanitizing milking parlor
equipment using recovered energy from the milk refrigeration system as
its heat source. Operation of the water-to-water heat pump in series
with the energy recovery system was found to be both...
This paper describes a study of two-phase gas-liquid vertical
annular climbing film flow. Using a high speed Fastax movie camera,
motion was slowed sufficiently to facilitate detailed analysis of the
climbing film structure, based on single frame projections. The
dynamic characteristics of the liquid film could likewise be obtained,
though...
Most raw product received at processing plants in Oregon is sampled to determine quality characteristics as a basis of grower payment. Raw product sampling procedures must provide the processor with a means of sampling which will be sufficiently precise to satisfy himself as well, as his growers, and thus avoid...
As part of investigations to evaluate the suitability of sheep grazing in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) plantations of Oregon's Coast Range, this research was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of sheep grazing in suppressing unwanted vegetation, determine seasonal variations in forage quality, and investigate the impact of sheep grazing on big...
The Blanco Trough, a deep depression located in the Blanco Fracture Zone near the intersection with the Juan de Fuca Ridge, contains unusual manganese-enriched layered sediments. Due to the Blanco Trough's bathymetric isolation and confinement, and its location in a tectonically active zone, three hypotheses concerning the origin and cause...
The purpose of this study was to determine if amount and kind of thinning had an effect on wood specific gravity, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, growth rate, or pulp yield and kappa number. The study involved 24 1/5-acre plots, three plots in each of eight thinning treatments. The...
Researchers have investigated the behavioral and demographic characteristics of fashion innovators, opinion leaders, and innovative communicators in samples drawn from
populations residing outside of Oregon. Therefore, the
purpose of the present study was to examine differences
between innovative communicators and non-innovative
communicators in a sample of Oregon women in their...
In the upper estuary of Yaquina Bay, Oregon, there is an annual
population explosion of Acartia tonsa, (Dana) a calanoid copepod,
during the months of July, August and September, followed by a rapid
decline to virtual extinction in November. The restricted estuarine
distribution affords an excellent opportunity to study the...
From July to September, 2002 I spent ten weeks in Kenya conducting full-time research on the macroeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS and community action towards combating the epidemic in locations dominated by members of the Luo tribe in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Gathering data from both the Ministry of Health and non-governmental...
Molybdenum is an essential component of biogeochemical cycling, most notably as a component of the nitrogenase enzyme used in biological nitrogen (N) fixation. While the important role of phosphorus (P) in limiting N fixation in ecosystems has been well documented, occurrence and prevalence of molybdenum (Mo) limitation is largely unknown....
Previous observations of light levels and phytoplankton abundances along the Oregon coast demonstrated that phytoplankton attenuated light sufficiently to potentially limit the growth of intertidal macrophytes and therefore structure local intertidal communities. Inspired by this observation, in spring 2004, I initiated a study to quantify the direct and indirect benthic...
National Forest management in the Pacific Northwest is shifting
from a focus on commodity production to ecosystem management, in which
the health of the entire forest ecosystem is considered, rather than that
of a few key species. Ecosystem management includes retention of some
live trees following timber harvest (green-tree retention)...
In the past 3-5 years, two federal agencies, the Forest Service (FS) and the National Park Service (NPS), have initiated pilot programs in concessioner-operation of developed-site government recreation facilities, specifically family campgrounds and related facilities. These programs have been generally successful by agency measure, and consequently, both agencies have modified...
Applications supporting a graphical user interface (GUI) are difficult to write. While existing tools can accelerate software development, they suffer from a number of problems that limit their helpfulness. They offer too little functionality, and support only a small part of the GUI software development task. They lack architectural models...
The release of marine debris into the oceans and seas is a global issue of growing concern. These materials are harmful to marine environments and can also transport non-native species to novel habitats. Non-native species floating on marine litter is one of the lesser known impacts associated with marine debris....
Understanding of gene flow, connectivity, and diversity is critical to predict the stability of key marine species. The Oregon coast of the U.S.A. shows fine-scale levels of geographic variation in environmental stressors such as temperature, pH, and oxygen levels, prompting questions about the potential for local adaptation. In this thesis,...
Bullfrogs were introduced into Oregon in the early 1900s and have become widespread members of many wetland communities. Little is known of their ecology outside their native range, although they may play a role in the current declines observed in native herpetofauna. I analyzed the diets of 401 bullfrogs from...
An estimated 99% of native wet prairie has been lost in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, but a large number of seasonal wetlands remain on private lands dedicated to grass seed production within the historical wet prairie landscape. Because agriculture is known to alter physical and chemical wetland conditions, I investigated...
Dislodged macroalgae and seagrasses, also known as marine wrack, frequently wash into coastal ecosystems from the ocean and are potentially important ecological resources for biological communities. These!nutrient and organic matter subsidies may be especially important on sandy beaches, where little in situ primary productivity exists for higher trophic levels. To...
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Sally D. Hacker Bruce A. Menge!
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Dislodged macroalgae and seagrasses, also known
Few studies analyze the relationship between ecological knowledge and public preferences for natural resource management options. The Central Cascades Adaptive Management Area (CCAMA) and McKenzie watershed of western Oregon provides an opportunity to examine the relationship. This research project employs a mixed model approach to explore public knowledge of forest...
This study used contingent valuation techniques to estimate the willingness of central Oregon Irrigators to donate a portion of their water rights to increase Deschutes River flow. This study was different from previous contingent valuation studies in that it used water rights as the payment vehicles instead of dollars -...
The role of riparian forests in maintaining temperatures of headwater streams is well established and is a foundation of forest practice rules designed to protect streamwater quality. However, detailed investigation is still needed quantifying specific characteristics of stream systems that affect streamwater temperature including riparian features, stream morphology, and subsurface...
This thesis provides the first general description of the natural variation in age
structure, growth rates, and survival in headwater populations of coastal cutthroat
trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii from western Oregon, and a subsequent
synthesis of these life-history characteristics across the range of the subspecies.
Age, growth, and survival were...
With declining populations and low calf recruitment in northeastern Oregon, much interest has been generated to study the survival rates and causes of mortality of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni). I investigated the causes of elk calf mortality and the effects of predation risk on birth-site selection by cow...