Production of fresh produce takes place outdoors, and therefore, is exposed to many routes of contamination (e.g., soil, contaminated water, manure, etc.) by human pathogens. Although precautions are taken to reduce this risk, pathogens can be regularly introduced to produce handling facilities. To manage the risk of cross-contamination from potentially...
Apologia is a rhetorical genre of self-defense. As such, apologetic discourse
involves a response to an attack upon an individual's character or worth as a human being.
Los Angeles Police Detective Mark Fuhrman encountered such a attack during the 0.J.
Simpson murder trial. The purpose of this analysis is to...
On January 8th, 2011 tragedy struck in Tucson, Arizona. A gunman opened fire on Representative Gabrielle Giffords' "Congress on Your Corner" event, wounding thirteen and killing six ("Arizona Shooting"). Four days later, President Obama spoke to a grieving crowd at the University of Arizona's McKale Memorial Center. This study seeks...
For more than 30 years, researchers have investigated the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) platforms on athletic performance. WBV is a modality in which an individual stands on a vibrating platform to obtain performance effects. Frequency and amplitude of the vibration are the commonly adjusted parameters. The use of...
This study developed a strategic conservation project for the Oregon Coast Aquarium in Newport, Oregon focusing on a signature species and this aquarium’s conservation focus areas (i.e., marine debris, sustainable fisheries, water quality, climate change). This study also examined the potential for incorporating an ecotourism or wildlife tourism component to...
My thesis, entitled “The Clerk’s Tale: Literal Monstrosities and Allegorical Problems,” argues that Chaucer’s Clerk is engaging both sides of a binary system. The Clerk has situated himself in a precarious position between two major schools of thought in the medieval culture, Franciscan and Dominican; the former promotes the will...
I used program CAPTURE to analyze 1,535 data sets for 33 North American species of small mammals for sources of variation in capture probabilities and to characterize species-specific responses to markrecapture trapping. CAPTURE incorporates seven models to account for all possible combinations of heterogeneity (h), behavioral response (b), and time...
Debris flows are a major cause of disturbance to riparian vegetation. Both observational and experimental studies were used to examine the initial recovery of riparian vegetation after debris flows on headwater streams in the western Cascades of Oregon. My goal was to determine the roles of seedlings and vegetative sprouts,...
As recreation and tourism visitation increases and government budgets decrease, public
land management agencies are using private commercial operators as an alternative
source of offering products and services. Changes and trends in commercial outdoor
recreation and tourism such as a large scale increase in the number of visitors can affect...
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MarkD. Needham
As recreation and tourism visitation increases and government budgets
Connecting with nature is associated with social, physical, and emotional benefits such as stress relief, improved physical health, and lower crime. Parks and other natural areas offer spaces in which to connect with nature and reap these and other benefits (e.g., family bonding, social events, learning). Despite increasing populations of...
Protected area creation, including creation of marine reserves (MRs), is increasingly molded by ecosystem based management (EBM) that integrates biological and social information in the pre and post establishment phases. Collecting social data from large and representative samples of the public (as opposed to other stakeholder groups) before establishing a...
With the baby boomer cohort retiring and arguably having more time for outdoor recreation, coupled with population increases and government agencies encouraging people to recreate outdoors, areas such as state and national parks will likely continue seeing high visitation. It is imperative, therefore, for outdoor recreation managers and researchers to...
Voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) have been created to encourage companies to engage in behaviors that mitigate environmental impacts (e.g., recycling, emissions reduction). Many ski areas participate in the Sustainable Slopes Program, an initiative that promotes VEPs in the ski area industry. Past research has addressed the performance of VEPs in...
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MarkD. Needham
Voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) have been created to encourage
Designation of areas as marine wilderness has been proposed as a strategy for managing the increasing threats facing the world’s oceans. Although social factors influence marine protected area success, the human dimensions of marine wilderness remain minimally explored. This thesis examines views of marine wilderness expressed by a representative sample...
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MarkD. Needham
Designation of areas as marine wilderness has been proposed as a
We examined the behavioral and physiological responses of wild
and hatchery-reared cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki subjected to
a single electroshock, electroshock plus marking, and multiple
electroshocking in natural and artificial streams. In a natural
stream, trout released after capture by electrofishing and marking
showed distinct behavioral changes: fish immediately sought...
Visitor behavior research has become an essential
component to many museum programs. Since its opening to the
public in 1965, Oregon State University's Mark O. Hatfield
Marine Science Center Aquarium in Newport, it has been
visited by millions of people. A clear understanding of who
this audience was and what...
A method for the control of absolute stereochemistry in
morphine syntheses has been demonstrated by the resolution
and efficient racemization of the advanced morphine precursor , 9-methoxy-3-methyl-5,6-dihydro-3H-benzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-
7(7aH)-one, I. This was accomplished by the facile coversion of optically resolved I to its ring opened
form, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-10-methoxy-3-methyl-7-oxo[1]benzoxonino[
6,7-c]pyridinium tosylate, II, (Equation...
The purpose of this study is to illuminate the presence
and rhetorical effect of anecdotes in President Clinton's
major health care address. It is the health care debate that
shows most clearly how Clinton tries to direct a multi-level
campaign that attempts to identify his interests (passage of
the Health...
Groundwater resources have become seriously threatened
due to improper use by industrial, municipal, and even public
sectors. Widespread contamination of aquifer systems has
jeopardized human health and the environment and methods for
restoring these systems are needed. Biological and chemical
in situ remediation, where contaminants are degraded within
the natural...
Five sheep digestion trials with four animals per
treatment and three treatments per trial were conducted to
determine if feeding protected tallow and/or protein would
alter the deleterious effects of feeding urea and tallow
together. Apparent digestibility coefficients, nitrogen
retention and biological values were calculated.
An additional trial was also...
Two related techniques, based upon ion-exchange solid phase extraction, have been
developed for the determination of arsenic speciation. The inorganic arsenic species
arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) are separated by anion-exchange and detected with
graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) with a nickel matrix
modifier. The first separation technique, which...
Concern regarding increased coastal erosion has heightened amid growing acceptance of global warming and associated sea-level rise. This study examines shoreline erosion in Flathead Lake, Montana due to five decades of artificially elevated lake levels. It provides a model to investigate coastal erosion associated with sea-level rise. The natural water...
The effects of natural preconditioning (source wood), wood species, and previous
exposure of wood to two types of fungi on the feeding rates and protozoa survival in the
Pacific dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis (Isoptera: Termospidae) were
examined under laboratory conditions. Termites were exposed to four wood species that
had been...
The western Taylor Park area covers about 65 square
miles on the western flank of the Sawatch Range. It is
underlain chiefly by Precambrian rocks, partially covered
on the east by glacial debris and overlapped on the west
and south by Paleozoic sedimentary rocks.
The Precambrian rocks include a group...
This thesis examines the Schultz Fire as a case study to explain the complex history of fire suppression management in America’s forests, and to gain further understanding of how management practices have affected the increase in fire severity levels and how forests respond to such a disturbance. The thesis objectives...
Forest managers of public lands in western Oregon and Washington have become increasingly interested in creating additional conifer cohorts in young, even-aged, second-growth Douglas-fir stands. The purpose of our research was to assess the establishment, survival, and growth of naturally-regenerated and underplanted conifers 10-13 years after overstory thinning and understory...
Molecular genetic and enzymological techniques have been employed to study antibiotic biosynthesis. The nonproteinogenic amino acid capreomycidine is the signature residue found in the tuberactinomycin family of antitubercular peptide antibiotics and an important element of the pharmacophore. Recombinant VioG, a single module peptide synthetase from the viomycin gene cluster cloned...
Grandfather Mountain (North Carolina) has been attracting people from all over the world since it opened as a park in 1952. In addition to its mild summer climate, extreme weather patterns, and breathtaking views, Grandfather Mountain is an area of high ecological significance. Although the Grandfather Mountain Steward Foundation (GMSF)...
Mercury cadmium telluride is important in the detection
of electromagnetic radiation in the eight to twelve micron
atmospheric window for infrared imaging systems. High
resolution infrared imaging systems use either large (256x256
element to 1024x1024 element) staring arrays or much smaller
(1-6 element) scanned arrays in which the image is...
Tall fescue is thought to have co-evolved with the fungal endophyte Acremonium coenophialum to form a mutualistic relationship. Endophyte-infected (EI) plants can have increased growth and survival when compared with endophyte-free (EF) plants. Responses to endophyte-infection vary and are host-genotype and fungal-biotype specific. Mechanism(s) by which endophyte-infection confers increased growth...
An inventor seeks to leverage his unique means in order to create and commercially exploit new technologies. Until new technologies are sufficiently developed, they have the theoretical potential for commercial exploitation in a wide range of markets. Those opportunities are limited by physical bounds that are often only discovered through...
PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to quantify the effects of a warm-up with static or dynamic stretching on countermovement jump height, reaction time, muscle onsets for tibialis anterior (TA) and vastus lateralis (VL), and low back/ hamstring flexibility.
METHODS: Twenty one recreationally-active males (24.4 ± 4.5 yrs), recruited...
Over the past few decades, tourism and recreation activities have increased in tropical marine settings, and studies have examined social and ecological impacts of these activities. Some studies have examined social impacts such as encounters, crowding, and encounter norms or standards that individuals use to evaluate encounters with others as...
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MarkD. Needham
Over the past few decades, tourism and recreation activities have
Wine is known to have been enjoyed since ancient times. Although early civilizations where unaware of scientific mechanisms of the properties of wine, empirical methods allowed them knowledge of its intoxicating effects as well as its healthful properties. These properties lead the ancients to use wine for many purposes including...
The child welfare system was established in the 1935 Social Security Act to help families and their children. Children have been the inspiration for protection and assistance among families especially those living in poverty. Previous research aims to analyze the associations between a child’s living arrangements and several child outcomes....
Using Richard Matland’s ambiguity/conflict model of policy implementation, this research examines the connections that agencies and organizations in one rural county, Klamath, and one urban county, Multnomah, in Oregon utilize to implement a particular state policy. The policy being examined is ORS 418.746-800, which mandates the use of Multidisciplinary Teams...
Oregon has one of the five highest homeless occupancy rates in the U.S., according to the Annual Homeless Assessment Report (2021). Using the current governor of Oregon’s (Tina Kotek) plan to decrease homelessness, which focuses primarily on housing developments and strategies, this study will first examine the merits of permanent...
Increasingly popular methods for managing impacts of tourism in nature-based settings include collaborative and voluntary codes of conduct. In southeast Alaska, for example, the Tourism Best Management Practices (TBMP) in Juneau and Wilderness Best Management Practices (WBMP) in Tracy Arm-Fords Terror Wilderness have been created to address shore and marine...
The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) has emerged as a method of understanding how stories and evidence are portrayed within policy arenas to support policy discussions and what end goals these policy narratives aim to meet. This study applies the Narrative Policy framework to policy narratives used to discuss and share...
The negative effects of poverty on childhood academic outcomes are well documented by current research. Children in poverty experience pronounced positive effects of familial involvement on these same academic outcomes. Unfortunately children in poverty experience low levels of familial involvement. Current familial involvement policy is centered in the school environment....
Pets are reshaping human lifestyles in countries around the world. More people than ever include pets as part of their family. Organizations including the Society for Companion Animal Studies (SCAS) and the Human Animal Bond Research Institute (HABRI) have conducted and sponsored a wealth of research into human-companion animal interactions...
People in the US and Europe eat the most meat worldwide, lose or waste about 20% of this product overall, and they waste the most food per capita. Food waste is currently addressed as an issue of volume, so programs and policies target foods that are wasted more by weight...
Varying concentrations of the food preservatives nisin and lysozyme were adsorbed onto glass surfaces chemically modified to exhibit different degrees of hydrophobicity. The antimicrobial activity of the adsorbed preservatives was evaluated by documenting the ability of Listeria monocytogenes to adhere and grow on the glass surfaces. A bioluminescence protocol was...
Using Current Population Survey data from 2008, 2009 and 2010 this paper explores the extent to which there is gender inequality in food insecurity among employed single adults without children. Gender inequality in the U.S. is well documented in a wide variety of spheres from the home to the world...
The undisputed cost-effectiveness of the anti-homelessness program “Housing First” is well established in the empirical literature, but fewer studies have considered the impact of the program on individual residents. This mixed-methods study examines the lives of a cohort of residents in a Portland-based Housing First project, seeking to determine whether...
Definitions of child poverty and measurement approaches are directly linked to poverty reduction strategies. The definition determines the measure and the measure, in turn, informs policies, which can subsequently reshape measurement approaches. Applying human rights approach and using method of document analysis, this research explores how the conceptualization and measurement...
Researchers have long sought to understand the relationship between economic growth and social development. The notion that economic growth increases social well-being was first written about by Rostow in 1960. This idea quickly became prominent and well accepted- the foundation of development policy. However, in the past twenty years many...
Like rural residents in other places, people in rural Oregon have expressed concern about the demographic shifts occurring in their communities. Principally they are concerned about youth leaving and not returning. This analysis uses recent Census Bureau data to describe, in detail, the demographic changes occurring in rural Oregon. Particular...
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Mark E. Edwards
Like rural residents in other places, people in rural Oregon have
Due to past hiring practices U.S. federal agencies have workforces that do not match the diversity of the populations they serve. In 2011, the Partnership for Public Service found that the United States Forest Service (USFS) ranked number 149 out of 206 agencies in the category of ‘Support for Diversity,’...
In recent decades, local governments have desired to increase community engagement in collaborative governance processes, such as community visioning and strategic planning, in an effort to develop policies that are inclusive and supportive of those who live in the community. A key component of the community visioning process is the...
Forest managers are faced with balancing a multitude of management objectives including social, economic, and ecological drivers as well as the uncertainty of how forests will grow and react to climate change. One possible tool to balance these drivers and the uncertainty of climate change is an adaptive management framework...
This study explores Oregonians’ attitudes about and perceptions of public education. Specifically, perceptions about education quality were analyzed, looking at the perceived quality of education today and how it has changed over the last 5 years. Questions posed to respondents about education funding, explored views on additional state funding needed...
Housing is the single most important environmental factor associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity (United Nations, 2007). Most Americans spend about 90% of their time indoors, and an estimated two-thirds of that is spent in the home (Klepeis et al., 2001). Studies show a link between substandard housing...
Homelessness has many faces, several of which society will never truly see. The homeless population has begun to change during the recession, as families lose their homes to foreclosures due to high interest mortgages or become evicted from rental dwellings as one or both wage earners lose employment. The initial...
Most studies suggest that LGBTQ+ young adults make up between 20 and 40 percent of the houseless young adult population (Edidin, Ganim, Hunter, and Karnik 2011; Nolan 2006). However, LGBTQ+ young adults compose only 1.3–3.8% of the general young adult population (Rosario, Schrimshaw, and Hunter 2012). Thus LGBTQ+ young adults...
In 2011, Governor John Kitzhaber, along with the Oregon legislature, affirmed a clear and ambitious goal for the State. The 40-40-20 goal states that by 2025, 40% of adult Oregonians will have an Associates degree or a meaningful postsecondary certificate, 40% will hold a Bachelors degree or advance degree and...
There are moral, ethical, and economic reasons supported by empirical research as to why governments and institutions need to take a greater stance on housing the homeless. The Finnish government with the collaboration of various institutions such as the NGO Y-Foundation, has made tremendous strides in reducing the homeless population...
The purpose of this study is to illuminate the role,
the function, and the ironic outcome of the Victory in
Vietnam Committee's campaign pamphlet to recall Senator
Frank Church of Idaho in 1967. The VVC's political
strategy was to build credibility with the media through
the recall pamphlet. The analysis...
This MPP essay examines how states expand access to nutritious food for low-income families, focusing specifically on policies related to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and farmers’ markets. Coalitions made up of nonprofits focused on hunger, farmers, and health collaborate to impact relevant policies in their respective states. The...
This study analyzes food access patterns on the Southern Oregon Coast using GIS technology. The utility and capacity issues of GIS technology are explored as well as the ability for community-based organizations to apply GIS analysis at a local level. A comprehensive literature review is presented which addresses the definition...
On any given night across the United States there are over half a million individuals that are experiencing homelessness. Much of the growth in homelessness has been concentrated on the West Coast, with states like California, Oregon, and Hawaii having the highest percentages of people experiencing homelessness that are unsheltered....
The State of California uses the Resource Family Approval Program (RFA) to approve resource family homes (foster and adoptive homes). This program is the responsibility of each county to implement and manage. The RFA program was created to be much more family-friendly and provide an approval process that puts the...
As the Internet has radically changed modern life, much attention has been paid to the outcomes produced by the diffusion of online access. In the modern economy, reliable Internet access is a crucial tool offering better access to information and opportunities, increasing work efficiency, and facilitating personal connection, leaving those...
Oregon’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance (SNAP) (formerly called Food Stamps) rose by 33% between October 2008 and October 2009 as the economy went into recession and the unemployment rate increased. The percentage of Oregon’s overall population receiving SNAP benefits increased from 11.8% in July 2005 to 16.3% in July 2009. With...
This thesis is a rhetorical analysis of American newspaper coverage of Hồ Chí Minh from 1954-1969. My method is the Pragmatic Attitude, created by Elizabeth and Jay Mechling. My foci of study are the polls and letters to the editor from this same period. These foci of study are used...
In response to the events on September the Eleventh, various media attempted to make sense of the seemingly radical altered political landscape. Comic books, though traditionally framed as low brow pulp, were no exception. This thesis is a work of rhetorical criticism. It applies Walter Fisher's Narrative Paradigm to a...
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Mark J. Porrovecchio
In response to the events on September the Eleventh, various media
The professed economic benefits of local food systems for communities and small farmers, along with mounting recognition of the contribution of current food production practices to global climate changes has sparked growing excitement around local foods. Additionally, the growth of industrial food systems and government subsidization of corn and soy...
This essay examines the low-income weatherization program in rural Oregon, shedding light on difficulties in increasing weatherization services to low-income rural households. This essay also identifies policy limitations. There are strict rules in place for utilizing Department of Energy weatherization funding and some of these rules
are likely to make...
The United States is struggling to improve the educational attainment of high school students in order to meet workforce needs and remain internationally competitive. Fewer than 80% of U.S. students graduate from high school despite 30 years of policy initiatives aimed at improving graduation rates. This study focuses on completion...
Recent reports using data from the 2013-2015 Current Population Surveys reveal that while the overall food insecurity rate in Oregon is 16.1%, single mothers in Oregon experience food insecurity rates as high as 44.1%. This study will portray how household assets and capital relate to food insecurity for single mothers...
Hunger is among the greatest contemporary social problems in the United States. An incredible 48 million people, or 14% of households, experienced food insecurity during 2014. At the same time, public responses to food insecurity, such as the Emergency Food Assistance Program, have increasingly relied on the “emergency food network,”...
This thesis examines depictions of medievalism in three central texts: Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe, Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, and George R.R. Martin's A Game of Thrones. Each of these texts provides an entry point for exploring the ways in which English and American writers have...
This paper discusses opportunities for developments in spatial clustering methods to help leverage broad scale community science data for building species distribution models (SDMs). SDMs are critical tools that inform the science and policy needed to mitigate the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. Community science data span spatial and...
China's Minqin Oasis once welcomed traders along the ancient Silk Road with rivers, lakes, and lush forests, yet today the region's farmland and grassland are increasingly being engulfed by the sands of the Gobi Desert. The severity of this incremental catastrophe for a declining population of 300,000 residents has brought...
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the rates of nitrate removal for a nitrate containing, low organic carbon wastewater interacting with four different carbon-containing solid substrates (alder woodchips, corn silage, manure and woodchip biochar). Batch systems were tested for nitrate removal, and systems with a combination of...
Red tree voles (Arborimus longicaudus) are a unique species of Arvicoline rodent found in western Oregon and northwest California. Their preferred habitat is mature and old-growth coniferous forest dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Tree voles are an important prey item for northern spotted owls and many other predators, but are...
The Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) is one conservation tool that mitigates national wetland loss and a primary goal for the program includes optimizing wildlife habitat by restoring wetland functions and values. Few studies have evaluated the WRP, which limits our understanding of its impact on wildlife populations. I assessed the...
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Bruce D. Dugger
Abstract
The Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) is one conservation tool that
This paper explores the contributions of social capital, social connections, and stakeholder engagement to the goals of ecosystem-based management in a local scale marine planning process. The body of work presented here, through a journal article and report, uses the lens of social capital to evaluate stakeholder engagement in making...
Although electronic medical records systems (EMR) present promising benefits, they have not yet been widely adopted. A problem facing many EMR are that they are disruptive technologies; their complex hardware and software are not designed to account for the clinicians' characteristics and needs, thus, demanding a steep learning curve and...
Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah, is surrounded by 191,884 hectares of wetlands. These wetlands provide critical habitat for hundreds of thousands of breeding, migrating and wintering waterfowl each year. As the human population around GSL increases, government officials have proposed to divert more water from the Jordan, Ogden, and Bear...
The 13 personal essays in Water over Stones: Oregon Watershed Stories explore the author's experiences in dozens of Oregon watersheds. Using the genre of the personal essay, the author, a fifth-generation Oregonian and amateur ecologist, writes about her life and family relationships in stories that are saturated with the waters...
My thesis explores the later work of author J.D. Salinger, including two narratives featured in Nine Stories, "A Perfect Day for Bananafish," and "Teddy," and Franny and Zooey, "Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters," and "Seymour: an Introduction." Through my analysis I argue that the religious nature of Salinger's fiction...
Nisin, an antimicrobial peptide used in food preservation was
evaluated for thermal stability. Nisin retained antimicrobial
activity after having been heated at 121°C for seven hours.
Anhydrous nisin and concentrated nisin solutions (5-10 mg/ml) were
still active after having been heated up to 190°C or 230°C. When
exposed to high...
There have been several epidemiological studies linking alcohol
consumption to a decreased risk of contracting illness from foodborne
bacterial contamination. To study this phenomenon, we examined the
survival of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium in grape
juice and wine and then designed a model stomach to investigate the effect...
Continuous liquid-liquid two-phase separation is needed in microfluidic devices. Due to the small characteristic lengths of microreactors, phenomena such as mass transport via molecular diffusion occur within seconds. Typically, discrete slugs of an extract are created within microchannels for high specific interfacial area to achieve intensified mass transfer. A challenge...
The black-footed ferret is a meso-predator within the Great Plains region of North America. Before the 1900s, black-footed ferret populations were self-sustaining in large ecological patches throughout the geographical range of the Great Plains. During the 1900s, various factors such as the systematic extermination of prairie dogs (the primary food...
Digital systems, in particular microprocessor, have recently experienced phenomena growth in performance. Both technology advancement and clever design have sustained this performance growth. As clock frequency heads into the Ghz range, new circuit design, for both logic and storage, are needed. Such new circuit technology must provide needed performance with...
Social vulnerability is often thought of as a culmination of social factors influencing the susceptibility of various groups to harm and govern their ability to respond. In an effort to identify communities that may be susceptible to social impacts from changes to fishery policies or fishing conditions, NOAA Fisheries is...
This study examined the effect of fire regime on coarse woody debris (CWD) mass using a combination of field data and modeling. The objectives were to use field sampling to determine how CWD differs between two areas that have had different fire regimes, and investigate how fire frequency and severity,...
Molecular genetic and enzymological techniques have been employed to study antibiotic biosynthesis. In this thesis, we studied the formation and modification of the nonproteinogenic amino acid enduracididine (End), which exists in two important antibiotics, mannopeptimycins (MPPs) and enduracidin.
Sequence analysis of the MPP gene cluster revealed that the product of...
In Oregon, property tax revolts and school equalization measures have led to increasingly unstable and more non-discretionary public funding for schools. As a result, public schools are turning to private donations to provide both basic and supplemental educational opportunities. Some schools and districts are raising hundreds of thousands of dollars,...
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Mark E. Edwards
In Oregon, property tax revolts and school equalization measures have
Many communities emphasize participatory involvement in local development or reinvention efforts. Recognizing barriers among specific groups could help community leaders identify what may be constraining underrepresented groups from joining in. Utilizing data from the Social Capital Benchmark Survey, this research examined identified “barriers” to community involvement among individuals in rural...
Despite the importance of tropical forest ecosystems in the global carbon cycle, there have been few studies of carbon dynamics in this biome. The magnitude of carbon stocks in the tropics and their changes over time are poorly known since ground-based observations are lacking. In this study, total carbon stocks...
