With the resurgence in the interest of using natural textile dyes, a solution must be found that will overcome the limitations of traditional natural dyes. This solution must also be safer for both humankind and the environment than are synthetic dyes. This study compares the colorfastness of commercially available synthetic...
The behavior of a metal vapor plasma arc in a vacuum arc remelting (VAR) furnace is believed to contribute to the formation of defects in reactive metal and super-alloy ingots. Industry standard instrumentation, which includes electric current and voltage measurements, can asses the stability of an arc but cannot predict...
Natural dyes have been used to color textiles for centuries, but with the shift to mass production, the use of synthetic dyes has increased due to their lower cost and easy manufacturing volume. However, synthetic dyes (such as disperse blue dyes 106 and 124) have been reported to cause skin...
Photovoltaic (PV) cells have long been an attractive alternative for the consumption of fossil fuels but current manufacturing practices suffer from poor energy efficiency, large carbon footprints, low material utilization, high processing temperatures and high solvent usage. A critical step in PV production is the deposition of CdS as a...
Concern regarding increased coastal erosion has heightened amid growing acceptance of global warming and associated sea-level rise. This study examines shoreline erosion in Flathead Lake, Montana due to five decades of artificially elevated lake levels. It provides a model to investigate coastal erosion associated with sea-level rise. The natural water...
Almost 600,000 people in the United States were treated for End Stage Renal Disease in 2010. A majority of those people received hemodialysis from central medical facilities. It has been reported a better treatment option for these patients would be realized if the patients had more frequent hemodialysis treatments. A...
It is estimated that for every 1 kg of cheese produced, approximately 9 kg of whey is created. For smaller producers something needs to be done to keep it out of water ways and potentially to valorize it. However, access to efficient secondary whey processing to isolate protein and lactose...
More than 1.2 million people worldwide require regular hemodialysis therapy to treat end stage renal failure. In the United States alone, there are 300,000 patients and the National Kidney Foundation predicts that this number will double in the next 10 years. Currently most dialysis patients receive treatment at a dialysis...
One hundred and fifty-one weanling rats of both sexes were fed
control diets or diets containing 160 ppm diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or
150 ppm N-2-fluorenyl-acetamide (FAA). The carcinogen level was
calculated so that the LD₅₀ should be achieved at about 17 weeks.
Each carcinogen treatment was incorporated with three different diet...
The need for clean and renewable fuel such as hydrogen is driven by a growing worldwide population and increasing air pollution from fossil fuels. One of the major barriers for the use of hydrogen in automotive industry is the storage of hydrogen. Physisorption is the most promising storage technique due...
An intramolecular variant of the modified-Julia olefination was demonstrated by the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated lactones in a mild and (Z)-selective fashion. The lynchpin reagent (benzothiazol-2-sulfonyl) acetic acid was synthesized in a straightforward fashion in 86% overall yield from commercially available 2-mercaptobenzothiazole via conversion to ethyl (benzothiazol-2-ylthio)acetate by base mediated alkylation...
This thesis presents a novel microlamination architecture that enables the large scale integration of valves into low cost micro energy and chemical systems via membrane entrapment. Polycarbonate layers embossed with microfluidic channels were bonded by ultrasonic welding of raised embossed protrusions that penetrate though the PDMS membranes. The bonding pressure...
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 100 and B. stolpii UKi-2 each produce
two extracellular proteases which attack Azocoll (collagen)
while B. starrii A3.12 produces at least four such proteolytic
enzymes. Under standard growth and assay conditions each Bdellovibrio
species produces a unique amount of proteolytic activity. The
decreasing order of enzyme units was...
Copper deficiency and Mo-induced Cu deficiency are nutrition
problems of ruminant livestock in the Burns and Klamath Falls area
of Oregon. Chemical analysis of plant and soil samples was used to
survey Cu and Mo levels in forage in these areas. The objectives
were to assess the possibility of animal...
A simultaneous direct spectrophotometric method for the determination
of barium and strontium using Sulfonazo III has been developed
making use of the chelons EGTA and CDTA at controlled pH
values.
An absorbance study of the barium and strontium complexes of
Sulfonazo III revealed that there is no pH sensitivity of...
Waters of various salinities were secured from the Umpqua
estuary, the Umpqua River, and the open ocean near the mouth of the
estuary. The rate of oxidation of sulfides in these various waters
was investigated to assess the potential longevity of free sulfides in
estuarine waters.
The rate of disappearance...
Core samples from five sites in the Yaquina and Coos Estuary
were assayed for vertical distribution of total sulfides, percent
volatile solids, redox potential, particle size, total aerobic and
sulfate reducing bacteria. Higher total sulfide levels were found at
sites having more than four percent volatile solids, redox potential
below...
This paper introduces an alternative technique for the development of
microfluidic systems for biotechnology based on mechanical machining and
ultrasonic welding. Advantages of this approach over existing prototyping
approaches involving the rapid development of tooling include: (a) short cycle
time, (b) design flexibility, and (c) low cost manufacturing. In addition,...
Two improvements to the established procedures for synthesis and response detection of ion-selective optical sensors (optodes) were introduced.
The first improvement addresses the drawback of organic dye (optode-localized chromoionophore) photobleaching. This positively impacts fluorescence response and allows for (1) direct measurement of hydrogen ion activity upon binding with the dye,...
Pesticides are widely used to control undesirable pests and may be applied directly to water or lands directly adjacent to water. There can be unintended consequences, however, to native, threatened, and endangered species. There is little information on the impacts of aquatic pesticides and best management practices (BMPs) to NOAA...
There was a linear relationship of [alpha]-amylase activity
from 2 to 12 hours incubation in both freeze-dried and fresh
'd'Anjou' pear fruit tissue. Activity was greater, however,
in fresh as compared with freeze-dried tissues. [alpha]-Amylase
activity from both types of samples was not detected until
60 minutes incubation. After 90...
A sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation technique for
obtaining microsomes has been developed. This technique has
advantages over the classic differential centrifugation technique, in
that it is faster, is better suited to work with small quantities of
tissue, and offers the opportunity to work with a defined microsomal
sub-cellular fraction, rather than...
First introduced to the USA in 1958, Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite responsible for whirling disease in salmonids, has since spread across the country causing severe declines in wild trout populations in the intermountain west. Recent development of risk assessment models used to assess the likelihood and consequences of exotic parasite...
Nutrient pollution may perhaps be one of the oldest water quality problems and has recently been considered as one of the greatest threats to estuarine and coastal waters. Excessive nutrient loads have had a vast array of impacts on estuarine and coastal ecosystems globally. Direct negative effects include: shading out...
Availability of evergreen forage plants during the
two dry seasons in arid central Somalia is very important.
Cordeauxia edulis is a multistemmed evergreen legume shrub
which grows in Central Somalia in plant communities
dominated by deciduous shrubs. There are two growth forms
of this plant. A form with small leaflets...
From 1925 to 1930, Ernest H. Wiegand, a professor of Horticultural Products at Oregon State Agricultural College, developed an improved brining process for cherries. Brined cherries are used in the production of maraschino and glacé cherries, which already had a sizable market in the United States by the 1920s. This...
The Second Pandemic had a profound impact on the people of Europe. In the few years between 1347 and 1350, a new epidemic disease spread across the entirety of Europe and killed between one third and two thirds of the population. While this initial wave was important, the real significance...
The marked increase in surface-to-volume ratio associated with microscale devices for hemodialysis leads to problems with hemocompatibility and blood flow distribution that are more challenging to manage than those encountered at the conventional scale. In this work, stable surface modifications with pendant polyethylene oxide (PEO) chains were produced on polycarbonate...
Osteochondrosis (OC) is a major source of lameness in horses, involving abnormal maturation of cartilage during the first year of life. Previous studies have shown that cartilage canals may be associated with early OC lesions with accumulation of large numbers of small rounded chondrocytes surrounding the canals. Altered expression of...
Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] resistant to multiple herbicide sites of action continues to limit winter wheat production in western Oregon. In addition to impacting wheat production, multiple resistant Italian ryegrass may threaten the market for annual ryegrass seed for cover crops if wheat fields with...
Mensacarcin is a stereogenic complex polyketide with potent anti-tumor activity produced by a soil-dwelling Streptomyces bottropensis. The US National Cancer Institute (NCI) 60 human tumor cell line anticancer drug screen (NCI-60) reveals mensacarcin’s cytostatic properties in almost all tested cell lines and distinct cytotoxic properties specifically in eight melanoma cell...
Fungi have long been used for discovery of new chemical scaffolds. In the clinical setting, the fungal natural products penicillin, statins, and cyclosporine have revolutionized medicine to treat diseases and infections. In the environment, fungal natural products have been used as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides to protect crops, livestock, and...
Simple models of transpiration, e.g., the Penman-Monteith equation, treat atmospheric conditions as driving variables. In fact, transpiration modifies temperature and humidity throughout the convective boundary layer, creating feedbacks that stabilize the water use of vegetation. This thesis concentrates on the new empirical relationships proposed by Monteith (1995), for developing simple...
The primary goal of this thesis is to synthesize titanium dioxide nanorods using a continuous flow microreactor. Titania powder, one of the most important particulate materials is used for many purposes owing to its excellent optical properties of a high refractive index leading to high hiding power and whiteness of...
Treatment efficiency in a constructed wetland is related in part to the amount of
time that a wastewater remains in the system. Current design methods idealize the system
as a plug flow reactor and use a "residence time" based solely on the volume of the cell
and the flow rate....
Several methods for estimation of the potential
shelf-life of pasteurized fluid milk products were evaluated
for their efficacy in this investigation. These methods
were evaluated and compared to sensory, biochemical and
bacteriological indices through a series of experiments
conducted on different brands of commercially pasteurized
fluid milk. The methods evaluated...
Characteristics of bacterial clearance were investigated in the
purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Echinodermata:
Echinoidea). Primary clearance kinetics were determined for three
bacteria, a marine Gram negative motile rod, a marine Gram positive non-motile
rod, and a fresh water fish pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida.
Various doses of live bacteria were injected...
In June 1999, I was a volunteer for a United States non-governmental organization, Crossroads Africa. I joined six other American women traveling to Ghana, West Africa to participate in a collaborative program designed by the Ghana Red Cross Society and Crossroads Africa. Specifically our group was assigned to work on...
Airports are required by the Federal Aviation Administration to perform deicing of aircraft pavement during icy conditions. Until recently, there were no discharge controls in place and deicing fluid contaminated nearby water bodies from storm water runoff. EPA regulations now require airports to collect the deicing fluid and meet discharge...
In situ light and dark planktonic and benthal respirometers were
used to measure the oxygen requirements of Yaquina estuary water
and benthal deposits. Respirometer devices were constructed so that
actual conditions of mixing could be simulated and benthal deposit
disturbance would be minimized.
A mathematical model of a benthal respirometer...
Many experiments are being conducted to find compounds that offer radioprotection against radiation damage and that are also non-toxic. It is hopeful that in the future, research for this technology will benefit patients undergoing cancer treatment by reducing radiation damage to normal cells and therefore reducing short and long term...