The ability to move towards favorable environmental conditions, called chemotaxis, is common among motile bacteria. In particular aerotaxis has been extensively studied in Escherichia coli. Three putative aer gene homologs were identified in the V. cholerae genome designated VCAer-1 (VC0512) VCAer-2 (VCA0658), and VCAer-3 (VCA0988). Deletion analyses indicated that only...
Mycobacterium avium is a ubiquitous environmental organism found in water and soil. It can cause disease in patients with pre-existing pulmonary conditions, immunocompromised patients with the most prevalent being AIDS patients, as well as apparently healthy people. Studies have indicated that, upon macrophage uptake, Al. avium prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion, thus...
Vibrio coralliilyticus (Vcor) is a bacterial pathogen that is well adapted to shellfish hatcheries and is very pathogenic to the larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Vcor has been associated with several large scale larval mortality events in the Pacific Northwest that interrupt the supply of seed oysters available...
Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) belongs to the most-clinically significant non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pathogens with constant increase in disease prevalence, mainly in several industrialized western countries where tuberculosis is less prevalent. Upon entry into the alveolar space, MAH is engulfed by resident-macrophages, where the pathogen adapts to the hostile phagosomal...
C. perfringens type A isolates are the causative agents of C. perfringens type A food poisoning (FP) and non-food-borne (NFB) human gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial effect of essential oil constituents (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), and carvacrol) against C. perfringens FP and NFB isolates grown...
Clostridium perfringens is a spore-forming pathogenic bacterium that causes a variety of diseases in human and animals. C. perfringens type A isolates produce enterotoxin (CPE) causing food poisoning (FP) and non-food-borne (NFB) gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including antibiotic-associated diarrhea and sporadic diarrhea. C. perfringens type A food poisoning currently ranks as...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is frequently isolated or detected from raw seafoods, especially shellfish. Also, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. are pathogens that are frequently found in ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood, such as smoked fish and shellfish, seafood salad, cooked shrimp and crabmeat, and seafood consumed raw. Two studies to improve safety in RTE...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections in the United Stated have been linked to consumption of raw shellfish, particularly oysters, with symptoms of headache, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting. Depuration, as a post-harvest process, has a long history of being applied in shellfish industry to reduce sewage bacteria. In order to reduce the...
Nisin, an amphiphilic, antimicrobial peptide, has been shown to integrate into the hydrophobic inner region of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) brush layers; however, the presence of integrated nisin may compromise the protein repulsive character of the PEO layer. In particular, the introduction of fibrinogen to nisin-loaded brush layers has been observed...
A low, but significant, fraction of the carbohydrate portion of herbaceous biomass may be composed of fructose/fructosyl-containing components (“fructose equivalents”); such carbohydrates include sucrose, fructo-oligosaccharides, and fructans. Standard methods used for the quantification of structural-carbohydrate-derived neutral monosaccharide-equivalents in biomass are not particularly well suited for the quantification of fructose equivalents...