In recent years, participation in outdoor recreation has increased, with nearly half of Americans partaking annually (Thomsen, Powell, & Monz, 2018). The goal of recreation management is to provide diverse opportunities for leisure services through preservation of parks, open space, recreational facilities, and programs for park visitors. Management activities can...
In recent years, participation in outdoor recreation has increased, with nearly half of Americans partaking annually (Thomsen, Powell, & Monz, 2018). The goal of recreation management is to provide diverse opportunities for leisure services through preservation of parks, open space, recreational facilities, and programs for park visitors. Management activities can...
America for the past few decades, yet participation has continued to be dominated by White, upper-class individuals. These similar disparities exist in general outdoor recreation participation, with individuals from race and/or ethnic minority groups participating in outdoor recreation activities less than Whites. Research in the leisure field has revealed that...
Towns in the U.S. west are increasing in population and becoming more desirable places to live. This increase in population and tourism has led to increased pressure on public lands. State trust land is a unique land type amongst the matrix of public lands in Montana. It has a mandate...
Wilderness character monitoring (WCM) is an interagency strategy created in 2008 in collaboration between the four federal land management agencies that manage designated wilderness (Forest Service, National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service and Bureau of Land Management) and other contributors (Landres et al. 2008a). The reports created from this...
Wetlands are productive ecosystems providing many ecosystem services. Many regulatory agencies recognize the need to protect and preserve wetlands. However, some impacts may be unavoidable. Under those circumstances, compensatory wetland mitigation may be necessary to offset adverse impacts to wetlands. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the New York...
The waterborne, myxozoan parasite Ceratonova shasta is endemic to the Pacific Northwest and can be lethal to its secondary salmonid host, including the culturally, economically, and recreationally important spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) of the Deschutes River, OR. Previously described genotypes of C. shasta exhibit specificity with their salmonid hosts....
The antibiotics, streptomycin sulfate and oxytetracycline, are used widely for fire blight suppression in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The efficacy of streptomycin, however, is compromised by widespread streptomycin-resistance in E. amylovora populations, and oxytetracycline is only partially effective. Consequently, for several years, the aminoglycoside antibiotic, kasugamycin...
In this thesis, we present semantic equivalence rules for an extension of the choice calculus and sound operations for an implementation of variational lists. The choice calculus is a calculus for describing variation and the formula choice calculus is an extension with formulas. We prove semantic equivalence rules for the...