An estuary, unlike the open ocean, is a dynamic system that is continuously undergoing changes in its physical and chemical properties. Marked fluctuations in the levels and kinds of nutrients, temperature, and salinity are normally found in estuarine environments. These changes occur principally as a result of freshwater intrusions, tidal...
For twenty-two years, I observed trees and shrubs planted for windbreaks in eastern Oregon. In this paper some conclusions are drawn, although I will be the first to emphasize that the knowledge we need and do not have would fill a much more extensive report. My observations and field work...
Starting in the 1960's, the demand for recreational properties nationwide experienced a great surge. [Reilly, 1973; David, 1969; Hoover, n.d.; ASPO, 1976]
A number of studies have been done of the impact of recreational subdivisions on local taxes. [Tillson, et. al. 1972; Thompson and Myrick, 1975; LeJeune, 1972; Moss and...
Published March 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published May 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1988. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published June 1995. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published June 1998. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Recently there has been increased interest in the importance of the early years ofa child's life for determining later well-being. There is a window of opportunity to have an impact on the future trajectory of children's lives when they ate young. Research on early brain development, brain physiology, and the...
Published June 2001. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published July 2002. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This study assesses the economic potential of biodiesel production in the Willamette Valley for six oilseeds as potential feedstocks: canola, flax, camelina, yellow mustard, sunflower, and safflower. We evaluate costs and returns from feedstock production, oilseed crushing, and biodiesel processing. Our analysis is based on the best available information on...
Most farmers’ markets lack information to make effective
changes and improvements. We have designed three
simple, low-cost methods to address the information gaps.
The first two—attendance counts and dot surveys—are
quantitative and can be used independently by markets.
The third method is the more complete Rapid Market
Assessment (RMA), which...
Published May 2001. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Reviewed July 2009. A more recent revision exists. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Long-term experiments were started at Pendleton and Moro, Oregon in the 1930's to evaluate the effects of tillage, fertilizer, and residue management on crop productivity in non-irrigated semi-arid regions. Coupled with multi-year varietal improvement, rotation, and green manure studies, they define those practices which sustain soil productivity and improve crop...
Both laboratory analyses and on-farm quick tests of manure nutrient content play an important role in manure management. Laboratory testing is the most reliable method of manure nutrient testing and is valuable for long-term planning and as a check on quick test results.
Sweet cherry scion cultivars have been selected over millennia for many reasons, but over the past century, breeding programs have concentrated mainly on achieving improved characteristics such as yield, taste, fruit size, fruit firmness, fruit color, precocity, and resistance to fruit cracking and disease. In contrast, rootstock cultivars have only...
Published August 2000. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This 4-H member manual begins with a short history of the American Western cowboy, and includes descriptions of and brief instructions for maneuvers a well-trained ranch horse can do; working, caring for, and branding or tagging cattle; and practical roping for ranch work.
A 4-H horse contest guide for a ranch horse competition. Contains descriptions of six classes: Ranch Horse Showmanship, Working Ranch Horse, Ranch Horse Trail, Cow Working, Roping, and Identification and Skills test. It also includes sample patterns and/or score sheets for most classes listed above.
Cereal cyst nematodes reduce yields of wheat, barley, and oats in the Pacific Northwest states of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It is estimated that these pests reduce wheat profitability in these states by at least $3.4 million annually. This publication describes the distribution, biology, damage, management, and detection of cereal...
Of all the habitat features that can attract wildlife to your yard, a pond could be the most rewarding. Most animals need water to drink, and many use water for feeding, bathing, breeding, regulating body heat, resting, and cover. In the Pacific Northwest, the species you are likely to attract...
Butterflies are some of the most beautiful, fragile animals in nature, sometimes called “flying flowers.” Butterflies and moths pollinate flowers, and both adults and larvae are an important food source for birds, bats, and other wildlife. Nearly 700 kinds or species occur in North America. About 20 species commonly are...
Explains how seedlings grow into mature trees and how stands of trees develop. Describes basic tree growth and growth processes (photosynthesis, respiration, and translocation-assimilation). Discusses how thinning affects individual tree growth and stand growth, including growth responses, thinning shock, tolerance levels of common Pacific Northwest tree species, crown classification systems,...
Among the many birds attracted to gardens, hummingbirds can be the most appealing. Not only are these “garden jewels” fun to watch, hummingbirds play an important role in our environment by pollinating flowers and feeding on insects. Attracting hummingbirds to your garden is easy. You have a good chance of...
The study of reptiles and amphibians is called herpetology. The word “herps” comes from the same root word. Herps in your landscape are fun to watch, interesting to learn about, and a benefit to your local ecology. You can attract them by adapting your yard to their habitat needs.
Little brown bats are one of the most common bats in Oregon and the United States. Their scientific name is Myotis lucifugus. The group of bats in the genus Myotis are called the “mouse-eared” bats.
A major benefit of bats in the garden is their appetite for insects. They consume about 50 to 100 percent of their body weight each day. Their favorite foods include garden pests such as beetles and moths. They also eat lots of mosquitoes, some of which carry diseases such as...
Commercial blueberry production in Oregon is dominated by the northern highbush type, although rabbiteye blueberries are produced on limited acreage.
This publication addresses nutrient management of northern highbush blueberries in western Oregon. Where data are available to support management differences by blueberry type, this information is provided. The following questions...
Short shoot syndrome (SSS) is an increasingly important problem of grapevines in Oregon and, more recently, in Washington. Symptoms associated with SSS include puckered or malformed basal leaves, scarred and severely stunted shoot growth, and loss of grape clusters. In severe cases, complete crop loss
results from abortion of affected...
Good management practices are essential if optimum fertilizer responses are to be realized. These practices include use of recommended varieties, selection of adapted soils, weed control, disease and insect control, good seedbed preparation, proper seeding methods, and timely planting and
harvesting. Follow recommended soil sampling procedures to estimate fertilizer needs....
Recommendations in this fertilizer guide apply to tillage fallow-winter wheat and chemical fallow-winter wheat cropping systems. This guide is one of a set of publications that address the nutritional requirements of nonirrigated cereal crops in north-central and eastern Oregon.
Recommendations for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, chloride, and zinc are covered...
Managing the financial affairs of a direct marketing operation includes:
• Raising capital
• Identifying financial objectives and creating plans to achieve them
• Budgeting for the future flow of cash receipts and disbursements (cash
management)
• Controlling the use and distribution of funds
• Protecting the operation’s assets
Capital...
This manual is intended for forest land owners and managers who want to understand and prevent unnecessary forest damage from insects. This manual covers only insects that infest living trees, not those that infest dead wood.
The manual is organized into chapters based on the part of the tree that...
Provides detailed information for the non-engineer on how to locate, design, and construct a road. Topics include identifying desirable and undesirable land features, constructing crowned, inslope, outslope, full-bench, and balanced roads, meeting road width, alignment, grade, excavation, drainage, and other structural requirements, laying out curves, and directing construction. Includes 25...
The disposal of dead birds on the average specialized poultry farm often becomes a burdensome problem that is not satisfactorily handled. The average annual mortality of poultry in the United States is about 20 percent. On a poultry farm with 2000 laying birds, therefore, one may expect to lose about...
Anyone with an interest in plants or insects, anyone who cares for a lawn, grows a crop, or enjoys an outdoor walk sooner or later will notice galls. The purpose of this booklet is to provide brief answers to some of the common questions that people ask about galls and...
Vineyard design and management methods that create vine balance will help sustain productive yields, achieve desired fruit quality and maintain vine health. Different climates across Oregon will affect strategies for achieving vine balance, but the basic approach is the same everywhere.
Pruning weights are the best way to monitor vine growth and vine size changes caused by vineyard management practices. It is easy to gather these data during routine, annual pruning.
Canopy management is critical to successful winegrape production. Canopy management begins with vineyard design and includes decisions about soil, water, cover cropping, fertilization and weed control. Shoot thinning, leaf removal, hedging and crop thinning are also part of canopy management.
This publication describes raspberry cultivars, including red, yellow, black, and purple types. It explains the difference between floricane-fruiting and primocane-fruiting cultivars, includes information on commercial value, and identifies which cultivars work well for home gardens.
This guide was developed as a quick reference for those interested in establishing a vineyard in Oregon. A step-by-step format guides readers to the basic information they would need to consider before developing a vineyard, including how to develop a business plan, determine site suitability, investigate cultivars, and order plants.
Published February 2008. Revised December 2014. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog