Sclereids are sclerenchyma cells having thick lignified
secondary walls. Douglas-fir sclereids, also called bast fibers,
are long (1 mm in length), sharply pointed, spindle-shaped fibers
of a red-brown color. Sclereids from Douglas-fir bark and nine
other western coniferous species were examined for their morphology.
The external surface characteristics of sclereids...
The inner bark of Douglas-fir was successively extracted with ethanol-water (4:1 v/v), benzene-ethanol (2:1, v./iv), water, and 0.5% aqueous ammonium oxalate solution. The residue was reacted with acidified sodium chlorite, a commonly used reagent to separate lignin from carbohydrates. In general the reaction dissolves the lignin and leaves the carbohydrates...
The purpose of this thesis was to develop regression equations
for predicting diameter inside bark at various heights up the stem
N
for four tree species, noble fir (Abies procera Rehd.), Pacific silver
fir (Abies amabilies (Doug.) Forbes), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga
menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla
(Raf.) Sarg.)....
The study (1) describes the life cycle of P. nebulosus,
(2) examines stimuli that may cause the beetles to locate brood
material, and (3) establishes the relationship between moisture
stress in Douglas-fir and colonization by P. nebuZosus.and other
meristem insects.
(1) Development of P. nebulosus goes through the egg stage,...
Both Leperisinus oregonus and L. californicus are bark beetle
species which emerge from Fraxinus latifolia brood logs as sexually
immature adults and disperse to living ash. Occasional field observations suggest that, for overwintering and maturation feeding, L.
oregonus enter trunks and branches, whereas L.; californicus enter twig
crotches, buds and...
The host preferences and wood channelization rates of
scolytid and cerambycid beetles were studied at the H. J.
Andrews Experimental Forest (Lane County, Oregon) during
1986 and 1987. Attack density and gallery volumes were
measured in fall-felled experimental logs of four major
conifer species: Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga mensiesii (Mirb.)
Franco), western...
The objectives undertaken in this study were to investigate the
biologies and potential economic importance of Pseudohylesinus
tsugae Swaine and P. grandis Swaine in young coastal stands of western
hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Rafn.) Sarg.).
The life and seasonal histories of P. tsugae and P. grandis and
the association of these...
Published July 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Douglas fir bark fines which contained 74.8 percent
of Klason lignin and 70.2 percent of one percent sodium
hydroxide solubility and decayed Douglas fir wood which
contained 53.9 percent of Klason lignin were subjected to
ethanolysis. A slight modification of the Hibbert's
ethanolysis procedure was used. The monomeric compounds
present...
This investigation was undertaken to develop a procedure
by which the fatty acids could be separated from the
hydroxy fatty acids of bark waxes. The specific hexane-insoluble, benzene-soluble wax used in this research was obtained
from the bark of white fir, Abias concolor, (Lindl.
and Gord.).
The acids were removed...
Ethanolysis reactions were conducted on the flavonoids, such
as, catechin, quercetin and dihydroquercetin, and polymeric phenolic
components from conifer barks, such as, mountain hemlock phlobatannin
and Douglas-fir phlobaphene with the object of ascertaining
their chemical relationship. These reactions were carried out with
absolute ethanol in the presence of 2.5% hydrogen...
Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of prey
availability on prey consumption, survivorship and oviposition of the
southern pine beetle predator, Thanasimus dubius Fabricius. Although
prey consumption rates were significantly affected by the sex, size and
ovipositional status of the predator, it was found through correlation
analyses that...
Because Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.)Franco] bark is a raw material produced in our renewable forests along with wood, an understanding of the ultrastructure of bark cells is of paramount importance if wood technologists are to utilize the bark to the fullest potential. The objectives of this study were to develop microscopic...
Douglas-fir bark was extracted with n-hexane yielding a light colored, "wax-like" solid as the n-hexane soluble fraction. The chemical constituents of this n-hexane soluble fraction were partially resolved by column chromatography using Silica Gel G as stationary phase and chloroform-n-hexane (3:1 v/v) as developing solvent. Several bands were observed under...
This is the first detailed chromatographic examination of Pseudotsuga menzesii and three other Pseudotsuga species (P. macrocarpa, P. japonica, and P. wilsoniana). The whole bark of these four species was sequentially extracted with hexane, benzene, ethyl ether, ethyl alcohol and water. Paper and thin layer chromatographic techniques were coupled with...
In these tests, phenolic constituents from bark of Shasta red fir were found ineffective as stiffening agents for corrugating medium. Other means of application, however, may be effective.
Gum from inner bark of Shasta red fir was not so effective as a beater additive as was locust bean gum, but...
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the nature of the
chemical constituents of incense cedar bark with the hope that such an endeavor
would spur future research, development and use of a now neglected
natural raw material.
The bark from nine trees, which were separated into three age...
The study was undertaken to determine the seasonal and diurnal
flight patterns of scolytid beetles inhabiting a second growth
forest of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.)Franco) in western
Oregon. Air temperatures, relative humidity, light intensity, and wind
velocities were recorded for evaluation of their influence on flight activity.
The insects were...
The flight behavior of Ips confusus (Lec.) was primarily
studied under field conditions, but augmented with
complementary laboratory studies whenever feasible. The
experiments were mostly conducted in areas of endemic population
levels, but also under epidemic and prairie conditions.
The techniques and devices used in marking, releasing,
attracting, and trapping...
Published January 1918. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The bark beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera:
Scolytidae) has caused severe mortality in recent decades to young
stands of ponderosa pine in the western United States. Insect parasites
and predators, believed to be of importance in the population
dynamics of the beetle, were the subject of the thesis research, conducted...
Ponderosa pine trees exhibiting large oval scars on
their trunks are found in northeastern Oregon. Patterns
in the occurrence and morphology of the scarred trunks
raise questions of archeological interest. Examination of
ethnographic sources from the Pacific Northwest indicate
that the bark of ponderosa pine was peeled to obtain the...
The forest-products industries are most important to the state of Oregon. Oregon leads the nation in the production of plywood, lumber, and particle board. More than half of softwood plywood production in the United States came from Oregon at the time of this survey, and more than a fifth of...
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the nature of the extractives from red alder bark in an effort to discover the materials which cause the red stain in red alder wood. Samples of bark and wood were obtained and successively extracted with hexane, benzene, ether, ethanol, and hot...
Windthrow occurred during late April on the Glacier View, Hungry Horse, Spotted Bear, and Swan Lake Ranger Districts, Flathead National Forest. An evaluation to determine potential for development of spruce beetle and Douglas-fir beetle outbreaks was made during late June and early July. All areas examined were classed as having...
An evaluation of the status of bark beetle infestations in ponderosa pine stands on Blue Mountain, Missoula District, Lolo National Forest, was made March 30 and April 4, 1972, at the request of personnel of the Missoula District.
Extensive group killing of ponderosa pine in the vicinity of Blue Mountain...
It is widely accepted among nursery producers that [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco] bark (DFB) is an excellent substrate for container production, hence its widespread use in Oregon and other regions where Douglas fir constitutes a significant portion of the forest products industry. Despite its widespread use, little information is available...
The objectives of this research were to isolate and
determine the molecular structures of certain polyphenols
in Douglas-fir and red alder barks. The compounds of
interest in Douglas-fir were the lignans which are
eventually incorporated into the outer bark phlobaphenes.
Phlobaphenes are the red colored, alcohol soluble, water
insoluble phenolic...
Douglas-fir bark, 3/4 inch and 1 1/2 inch in size, was tested in recirculating trickling filters 1, 2, and 3 feet in depth, hydraulically loaded at 2.27, 4.54, and 9.08 gallons per minute per square foot (gpm/sq.ft.) with 2 and 4 percent poultry manure slurry at 70° F. Preliminary tests...
The bark beetle infestation in ponderosa pines defoliated by pine looper, Phaeoura mexicanaria (Grote) on Cook Mountain was resurveyed in 1971. Most of the surviving defoliated trees have "greened up" appreciably. Bark beetle activity was greatly reduced. The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus vaZens LeConte, was the only bark beetle observed...
Colonization of N. densiflorus tissues by P. ramorum is not well understood. The pathogen is able to colonize nearly all tissues of this host but it is unclear how a tree is ultimately killed. Because this is such a destructive invasive pathogen, it is important to investigate its pathogenic strategy....
Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco] bark (DFB),
sphagnum peat moss, and pumice are the most common substrate components used
in the Oregon nursery industry. Despite the widespread use of these three
components, little information is available on the effect of physical and hydraulic
properties of peat moss and pumice on...
Douglas-fir beetle has increased to epidemic levels in mature-overmature Douglas-fir that has been top killed by western spruce budworm. About 42 trees per acre have been killed in an area at Lyon's Face and 36 trees per acre in other areas along the Madison River during the past 3 years....
Black bears (Ursus americanus) in western Oregon and Washington peel bark from conifers in early spring to forage on the sugar-rich phloem and cambial tissues. This provides important energy at a time when similarly attractive forage is scarce. Bears often damage Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees in stands that are intensively...