Production of fresh produce takes place outdoors, and therefore, is exposed to many routes of contamination (e.g., soil, contaminated water, manure, etc.) by human pathogens. Although precautions are taken to reduce this risk, pathogens can be regularly introduced to produce handling facilities. To manage the risk of cross-contamination from potentially...
Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP/LL-37) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide that is widely expressed by myeloid and epithelial cells at the human-environment interface. It possesses broad spectrum antimicrobial capacity against bacteria, fungi and viruses. In addition to its direct antimicrobial activity, CAMP/LL-37 also attracts and recruits monocytes, neutrophils and other...
Forced-air drying of lumber is economically feasible as an aid to sawmills without dry kilns. Reduced cost of shipping more than offsets cost of drying with forced circulation of air. Investment in equipment is small.
In the Willamette Valley, forced-air drying probably can be accomplished successfully throughout the year. High...
The 20-year US GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics) program examined zooplankton populations and their predators in four coastal marine ecosystems. Program scientists learned that environmental controls on zooplankton vital rates, especially the timing and magnitude of reproduction, growth, life-cycle progression, and mortality, determine species population dynamics, seasonal and spatial distributions,...
Apologia is a rhetorical genre of self-defense. As such, apologetic discourse
involves a response to an attack upon an individual's character or worth as a human being.
Los Angeles Police Detective Mark Fuhrman encountered such a attack during the 0.J.
Simpson murder trial. The purpose of this analysis is to...
The Bureau of Entomology has been conducting systematic and economic
investigations of the weevils infesting the bark of the trunk and
terminal shoots of conifers in the United States, the results of which will be
published in the regular technical and popular bulletins ; but since these can not be...
Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) utilizes ‘Himalaya’ blackberry, Rubus armeniacus
Focke (Rosaceae), as a host and may invade berry and stone fruit crops from field margins
containing this invasive weed. Laboratory and semi-field studies were conducted to determine (1)
the persistence of protein marks including 10% chicken egg whites (egg...
On January 8th, 2011 tragedy struck in Tucson, Arizona. A gunman opened fire on Representative Gabrielle Giffords' "Congress on Your Corner" event, wounding thirteen and killing six ("Arizona Shooting"). Four days later, President Obama spoke to a grieving crowd at the University of Arizona's McKale Memorial Center. This study seeks...
For more than 30 years, researchers have investigated the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) platforms on athletic performance. WBV is a modality in which an individual stands on a vibrating platform to obtain performance effects. Frequency and amplitude of the vibration are the commonly adjusted parameters. The use of...
This study developed a strategic conservation project for the Oregon Coast Aquarium in Newport, Oregon focusing on a signature species and this aquarium’s conservation focus areas (i.e., marine debris, sustainable fisheries, water quality, climate change). This study also examined the potential for incorporating an ecotourism or wildlife tourism component to...
The goal of the Pacific Ocean Boundary Ecosystem and Climate Study
(POBEX) was to diagnose the large-scale climate controls on regional transport
dynamics and lower trophic marine ecosystem variability in Pacific Ocean boundary
systems. An international team of collaborators shared observational and eddy-resolving
modeling data sets collected in the Northeast...
Genotype data consisting of 10,546 single nucleotide polymorphisms on the Illumina Infinium Genechip BARCBEAN6K_3 platform for 149 snap bean accessions.
My thesis, entitled “The Clerk’s Tale: Literal Monstrosities and Allegorical Problems,” argues that Chaucer’s Clerk is engaging both sides of a binary system. The Clerk has situated himself in a precarious position between two major schools of thought in the medieval culture, Franciscan and Dominican; the former promotes the will...
I used program CAPTURE to analyze 1,535 data sets for 33 North American species of small mammals for sources of variation in capture probabilities and to characterize species-specific responses to markrecapture trapping. CAPTURE incorporates seven models to account for all possible combinations of heterogeneity (h), behavioral response (b), and time...
Debris flows are a major cause of disturbance to riparian vegetation. Both observational and experimental studies were used to examine the initial recovery of riparian vegetation after debris flows on headwater streams in the western Cascades of Oregon. My goal was to determine the roles of seedlings and vegetative sprouts,...
Forests face health threats from pests and diseases (e.g., mountain pine beetle, emerald ash borer, chestnut blight [CB], Swiss needle cast), and other issues such as climate change. Interventions such as genetic engineering (GE) have shown promise for mitigating some of these threats. CB, for example, has impacted most American...
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MarkD. Needham
Forests face health threats from pests and diseases (e.g., mountain pine
The number of people traveling to other countries to volunteer for conservation or humanitarian projects has increased dramatically in the past three decades. Despite substantial interest in volunteer tourism, few researchers have examined: (a) the role of promotional material (e.g., brochures, internet websites) in motivating volunteers; (b) factors that attract...
Vibriosis caused by the bacterial pathogen Vibrio tubiashii is one of several factors contributing to mass larval mortalities of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Pacific Northwest shellfish hatcheries in recent years. Genetically improved strains of the Pacific oyster resistant to V. tubiashii would be highly desirable. This study investigates...
As recreation and tourism visitation increases and government budgets decrease, public
land management agencies are using private commercial operators as an alternative
source of offering products and services. Changes and trends in commercial outdoor
recreation and tourism such as a large scale increase in the number of visitors can affect...
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MarkD. Needham
As recreation and tourism visitation increases and government budgets
Connecting with nature is associated with social, physical, and emotional benefits such as stress relief, improved physical health, and lower crime. Parks and other natural areas offer spaces in which to connect with nature and reap these and other benefits (e.g., family bonding, social events, learning). Despite increasing populations of...
Protected area creation, including creation of marine reserves (MRs), is increasingly molded by ecosystem based management (EBM) that integrates biological and social information in the pre and post establishment phases. Collecting social data from large and representative samples of the public (as opposed to other stakeholder groups) before establishing a...
With the baby boomer cohort retiring and arguably having more time for outdoor recreation, coupled with population increases and government agencies encouraging people to recreate outdoors, areas such as state and national parks will likely continue seeing high visitation. It is imperative, therefore, for outdoor recreation managers and researchers to...
Voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) have been created to encourage companies to engage in behaviors that mitigate environmental impacts (e.g., recycling, emissions reduction). Many ski areas participate in the Sustainable Slopes Program, an initiative that promotes VEPs in the ski area industry. Past research has addressed the performance of VEPs in...
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MarkD. Needham
Voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) have been created to encourage
Designation of areas as marine wilderness has been proposed as a strategy for managing the increasing threats facing the world’s oceans. Although social factors influence marine protected area success, the human dimensions of marine wilderness remain minimally explored. This thesis examines views of marine wilderness expressed by a representative sample...
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MarkD. Needham
Designation of areas as marine wilderness has been proposed as a
Marine environments provide services for ecosystems and humans, but face many threats, including sea star wasting disease (SSWD) and ocean acidification (OA). Biological research on these threats is abundant, but there has been limited research examining the human dimensions of these threats. This thesis contains two standalone articles that explore...
African rhinoceros, once abundant across Africa, face threats to their long-term survival primarily due to the syndicated poaching of their horns for Traditional Asian Medicine and as status symbols in Asia. Most studies focusing on the human dimensions of rhinoceros poaching have been limited to examining a few aspects of...
The purpose of this manuscript style dissertation was to increase understanding of the experiences of counselor's with compassion fatigue as they participated in a yoga intervention. Compassion fatigue is a condition that creates both physical and psychological impairment as a result of working in the helping role. Yoga is an...
Physical-biological interactions in the Southern Ocean were investigated using remote sensing data from several different satellite sensors. Satellite sea surface temperature data were used to study the dynamics of the Antarctic Polar Front (PF). Satellite ocean color data were used to estimate surface chlorophyll concentrations and their relation to various...
Changes in climate caused by increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the Earth’s atmosphere have led land and ocean surface temperatures to increase by 0.85°C and sea level to increase by 19 cm relative to preindustrial times. Global climate change will lead to further alterations in mean temperature and...
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Mark E. Harmon
Changes in climate caused by increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2
We examined the behavioral and physiological responses of wild
and hatchery-reared cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki subjected to
a single electroshock, electroshock plus marking, and multiple
electroshocking in natural and artificial streams. In a natural
stream, trout released after capture by electrofishing and marking
showed distinct behavioral changes: fish immediately sought...
Visitor behavior research has become an essential
component to many museum programs. Since its opening to the
public in 1965, Oregon State University's Mark O. Hatfield
Marine Science Center Aquarium in Newport, it has been
visited by millions of people. A clear understanding of who
this audience was and what...
A method for the control of absolute stereochemistry in
morphine syntheses has been demonstrated by the resolution
and efficient racemization of the advanced morphine precursor , 9-methoxy-3-methyl-5,6-dihydro-3H-benzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-
7(7aH)-one, I. This was accomplished by the facile coversion of optically resolved I to its ring opened
form, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-10-methoxy-3-methyl-7-oxo[1]benzoxonino[
6,7-c]pyridinium tosylate, II, (Equation...
This report summarizes physical and biological conditions in the California Current System (CCS), from Oregon to Baja California, in 2001 and 2002. The principal sources of the observations described here are the CalCOFI (California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations), IMECOCAL (Investigaciones Mexicanas de la Corriente de California), and U.S. GLOBECLTOP (Global...
Alfalfa sprouts have been implicated in several salmonellosis outbreaks in recent years. Electrolysis of a NaCl solution generates, in the anode side of a two-chamber electrolyzer, acidic electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water which contains Cl₂, HOC1, dissolved oxygen, and it is characterized by a low pH and a high oxidation reduction...
The purpose of this study is to illuminate the presence
and rhetorical effect of anecdotes in President Clinton's
major health care address. It is the health care debate that
shows most clearly how Clinton tries to direct a multi-level
campaign that attempts to identify his interests (passage of
the Health...
School administrators are required by law to report suspected cases
of child abuse. They create serious legal and moral consequences for their
school districts when they fail to report suspicions of child abuse occurring
in the school setting. Studies consistently find that child sexual abuse is
under-reported and that allegations...
This dataset consists of vascular plant species cover estimates collected from 12, 1x1-m quadrats, nested within 15x15-m plots that excluded and were open to wild ungulate access. The wild ungulate exclusion experiment was conducted in young forest plantations (<6 years old), each randomly assigned to one of 3 silvicultural herbicide...
This report documents and summarizes several decades of work on sage-grouse populations, sagebrush as habitat, and sagebrush community and ecosystem functions based on the recent assessment and findings of the USFWS under consideration of the Endangered Species Act. As reflected here, some of these topics receive a greater depth of...
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IV. Factor D: Policies and Programs Affecting Sage-Grouse Conservation
This dataset consists of native and exotic plant species metrics, including cover, richness, relative abundance and responses to the exclusion of wild ungulates and herbivory. The data were used for the manuscript: "Synergistic effects of wild ungulates and management intensification suppress native plants and promote exotics", published in the journal...
This dataset consists of planted crop-tree growth metrics (Pseudotsuga menziesii), non-crop tree vegetation metrics, and foraging data for black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis rooseveli) collected from the Intensive Forest Management experiment, Oregon Coast Range, USA, 2011-2016. The objective of the experiment was to quantify the...
The accessions used to create the Snap Bean Diversity Panel were 150 snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars and breeding lines selected from North American and European germplasm to create a population that is representative of the snap bean market class from a historical and geographical viewpoint. This panel was developed...
Invasive species are a growing global economic and ecological problem. Invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois spp.) are known to have extreme negative effects on coral-reef communities in the Bahamas, so understating their distribution within and among reefs, what limits their local movements, and the effects they have on native prey species...
Groundwater resources have become seriously threatened
due to improper use by industrial, municipal, and even public
sectors. Widespread contamination of aquifer systems has
jeopardized human health and the environment and methods for
restoring these systems are needed. Biological and chemical
in situ remediation, where contaminants are degraded within
the natural...
Five sheep digestion trials with four animals per
treatment and three treatments per trial were conducted to
determine if feeding protected tallow and/or protein would
alter the deleterious effects of feeding urea and tallow
together. Apparent digestibility coefficients, nitrogen
retention and biological values were calculated.
An additional trial was also...
Two related techniques, based upon ion-exchange solid phase extraction, have been
developed for the determination of arsenic speciation. The inorganic arsenic species
arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) are separated by anion-exchange and detected with
graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) with a nickel matrix
modifier. The first separation technique, which...
Concern regarding increased coastal erosion has heightened amid growing acceptance of global warming and associated sea-level rise. This study examines shoreline erosion in Flathead Lake, Montana due to five decades of artificially elevated lake levels. It provides a model to investigate coastal erosion associated with sea-level rise. The natural water...
The effects of natural preconditioning (source wood), wood species, and previous
exposure of wood to two types of fungi on the feeding rates and protozoa survival in the
Pacific dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis (Isoptera: Termospidae) were
examined under laboratory conditions. Termites were exposed to four wood species that
had been...
The western Taylor Park area covers about 65 square
miles on the western flank of the Sawatch Range. It is
underlain chiefly by Precambrian rocks, partially covered
on the east by glacial debris and overlapped on the west
and south by Paleozoic sedimentary rocks.
The Precambrian rocks include a group...
The low-frequency dynamics of coastal upwelling and cross-shelf transport in the Central and Southern California Current System (CCS) are investigated using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) over the period 1965-2008. An ensemble of passive tracers released in the numerical model is used to characterize the effects of linear (Ekman...
Information about social and economic attributes of fisheries, fishing communities, and fishery participants is important for marine resource management because the focuses of agency efforts are on managing society's impacts to the marine environment. This thesis addresses two questions. First, what are the perspectives of managers, scientists, and commercial and...
Oregon’s fishing community is concerned about the potential effects that wave energy conversion devices could have on Dungeness crab movement, behavior and harvests. Though crabbing has been a mainstay of West Coast economies for decades, little information has been collected or analyzed on adult Dungeness crab movement, in general, and...
This thesis examines the Schultz Fire as a case study to explain the complex history of fire suppression management in America’s forests, and to gain further understanding of how management practices have affected the increase in fire severity levels and how forests respond to such a disturbance. The thesis objectives...
Forest managers of public lands in western Oregon and Washington have become increasingly interested in creating additional conifer cohorts in young, even-aged, second-growth Douglas-fir stands. The purpose of our research was to assess the establishment, survival, and growth of naturally-regenerated and underplanted conifers 10-13 years after overstory thinning and understory...
Molecular genetic and enzymological techniques have been employed to study antibiotic biosynthesis. The nonproteinogenic amino acid capreomycidine is the signature residue found in the tuberactinomycin family of antitubercular peptide antibiotics and an important element of the pharmacophore. Recombinant VioG, a single module peptide synthetase from the viomycin gene cluster cloned...
Understanding the dynamics of open marine populations is difficult. Ecological processes may vary with the spatial structure of the habitat, and this variation may subsequently affect demographic rates. In a series of observational and experimental studies in the Bahamas, I examined the roles of emigration, mortality, and predation in the...
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of a
large group of ligand-regulated transcription factors that includes nuclear
receptors for steroid and thyroid hormones, retinoids and vitamin D₃.
Synthetic fibrates and thiazolidinediones that bind to and activate PPARs are
used efficaciously in humans to remedy hypertriglyceridemia and non-insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus,...
Grandfather Mountain (North Carolina) has been attracting people from all over the world since it opened as a park in 1952. In addition to its mild summer climate, extreme weather patterns, and breathtaking views, Grandfather Mountain is an area of high ecological significance. Although the Grandfather Mountain Steward Foundation (GMSF)...
There is substantial interest in the application of mindfulness in counseling and psychotherapy. The appeal of mindfulness training and mindfulness-based interventions has increased as research continues to demonstrate benefits. Mindfulness practice has not only been effective in clinical applications with clients, but has also been conceptualized as beneficial for counselors...
Mercury cadmium telluride is important in the detection
of electromagnetic radiation in the eight to twelve micron
atmospheric window for infrared imaging systems. High
resolution infrared imaging systems use either large (256x256
element to 1024x1024 element) staring arrays or much smaller
(1-6 element) scanned arrays in which the image is...
Tall fescue is thought to have co-evolved with the fungal endophyte Acremonium coenophialum to form a mutualistic relationship. Endophyte-infected (EI) plants can have increased growth and survival when compared with endophyte-free (EF) plants. Responses to endophyte-infection vary and are host-genotype and fungal-biotype specific. Mechanism(s) by which endophyte-infection confers increased growth...
An inventor seeks to leverage his unique means in order to create and commercially exploit new technologies. Until new technologies are sufficiently developed, they have the theoretical potential for commercial exploitation in a wide range of markets. Those opportunities are limited by physical bounds that are often only discovered through...
How the direct and indirect effects of species interactions cascade to affect community structure, functioning, and stability is a fundamental question in ecology. In temperate kelp forests, species interactions, in conjunction with environmental processes, produce rich spatiotemporal dynamics.
Arguably the most dramatic of these are abrupt shifts in community state,...
The Tertiary geologic evolution of the Oregon and Washington continental margin was molded by episodic periods of convergence between the Pacific oceanic plates and the North American plate. This margin is the site of a deep basin that is floored by Paleocene to lower Eocene oceanic crust and contains more...
This thesis examines depictions of medievalism in three central texts: Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe, Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, and George R.R. Martin's A Game of Thrones. Each of these texts provides an entry point for exploring the ways in which English and American writers have...
BCL11B is a transcriptional regulatory protein that plays essential roles during mouse embryonic development. BCL11B is expressed and functions in the immune and nervous systems as well as within ectodermal organs. Multiple studies have characterized the roles of BCL11B in T cells, brain, and skin. However, very little is known...
Studies using the pluripotent embryonic carcinoma cell line, P19, as a retinoic acid (RA)-responsive model system have been instrumental towards our understanding of the RA-dependent signaling pathways in development and homeostasis. Grp1-associated scaffold protein (GRASP; also known as Tamalin) was first identified by our group, as a gene robustly induced...
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Mark Leid
Studies using the pluripotent embryonic carcinoma cell line, P19, as a
PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to quantify the effects of a warm-up with static or dynamic stretching on countermovement jump height, reaction time, muscle onsets for tibialis anterior (TA) and vastus lateralis (VL), and low back/ hamstring flexibility.
METHODS: Twenty one recreationally-active males (24.4 ± 4.5 yrs), recruited...
Tropical coastal and marine areas are popular for recreation, leisure, and tourism activities, but these activities can cause social (e.g., crowding), ecological (e.g., coral trampling), and managerial impacts (e.g., pressure on facilities). The concept of norms is one approach for examining user acceptance or tolerance of these impacts. This dissertation...
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MarkD. Needham
Tropical coastal and marine areas are popular for recreation, leisure
Extending the flight time of an autonomous unmanned air vehicle by soaring is
considered. A suboptimal controller is developed and successful static soaring is
demonstrated with a 6 degree of freedom glider model. Altitude gain rates of between
¼ and ½ m/s are achieved with this simple implementation.
A hybrid...
Diet variation among individuals within populations is widespread. Often diet differences among individuals are attributable to obvious differences among individuals such as age, sex, or morphology. However, growing evidence suggests that individual diet variation is also common among seemingly identical individuals within populations. This phenomenon has been termed individual diet...
COUP-TFI, an orphan nuclear receptor of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily, plays important roles in homeostasis and the CNS development, including differentiation, patterning, axonal projection, cell migration, cortical arealization and the temporal specification of neural stem cells. A number of COUP-interacting proteins have been described previously, and the majority of...
CTIP2 is a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor that plays important yet poorly understood roles in mouse development. CTIP2 is known to be highly expressed in the central nervous system, skin and T lymphocytes during embryogenesis. CTIP2-null mice die perinatally of unknown causes and exhibit defects in multiple organ systems...
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Mark Leid
CTIP2 is a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor that plays important yet poorly
Because many coral-reef fishes are observable in situ, are amenable to transplantation, have small home ranges and short generation times, they provide a excellent system to investigate many topics within general ecology, fisheries biology, and conservation biology. The primary goal of this dissertation was to use the coral-reef fishes system...
A central challenge for ecology is to understand the dynamic nature of species interactions. A classic approach to community ecology assumes that individuals within a species are functionally identical and that consumer-resource dynamics can be predicted solely by using species abundances. However, one species can consist of multiple functional groups,...
Normal gait of human is believed to be an adapted motor control result of optimal behavior of individual. Normal gait would be altered by aging or injury without being perceived. Subtle changes in gait which is not easy to detect, can cause many serious problems including joint pains and even...
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Mark F. Costello
Normal gait of human is believed to be an adapted motor control result
The lionfish (Pterois volitans) is a successful invasive predator with large impacts on native fish populations in the western Atlantic. Lionfish predation may affect competition between prey species so it is important to understand whether lionfish display preferences between prey species. I investigated lionfish and native graysby grouper prey preference...
Over the past few decades, tourism and recreation activities have increased in tropical marine settings, and studies have examined social and ecological impacts of these activities. Some studies have examined social impacts such as encounters, crowding, and encounter norms or standards that individuals use to evaluate encounters with others as...
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MarkD. Needham
Over the past few decades, tourism and recreation activities have
Wine is known to have been enjoyed since ancient times. Although early civilizations where unaware of scientific mechanisms of the properties of wine, empirical methods allowed them knowledge of its intoxicating effects as well as its healthful properties. These properties lead the ancients to use wine for many purposes including...
The child welfare system was established in the 1935 Social Security Act to help families and their children. Children have been the inspiration for protection and assistance among families especially those living in poverty. Previous research aims to analyze the associations between a child’s living arrangements and several child outcomes....
Food webs are extraordinarily complex, containing myriad direct interactions and indirect effects. Determining how this network of interactions and effects influences a food web’s qualitative dynamics is a challenging task, especially because data on food web structure and individual interaction strengths is unknown in virtually all real-world ecosystems. The goal...
Using Richard Matland’s ambiguity/conflict model of policy implementation, this research examines the connections that agencies and organizations in one rural county, Klamath, and one urban county, Multnomah, in Oregon utilize to implement a particular state policy. The policy being examined is ORS 418.746-800, which mandates the use of Multidisciplinary Teams...
Oregon has one of the five highest homeless occupancy rates in the U.S., according to the Annual Homeless Assessment Report (2021). Using the current governor of Oregon’s (Tina Kotek) plan to decrease homelessness, which focuses primarily on housing developments and strategies, this study will first examine the merits of permanent...
Increasingly popular methods for managing impacts of tourism in nature-based settings include collaborative and voluntary codes of conduct. In southeast Alaska, for example, the Tourism Best Management Practices (TBMP) in Juneau and Wilderness Best Management Practices (WBMP) in Tracy Arm-Fords Terror Wilderness have been created to address shore and marine...
Fluctuations and spatial heterogeneity of habitat and resources is thought to underlie niche variation in animal populations, with intraspecific differences serving to produce or maintain population-, community-, or ecosystem-level patterns. Individual diet variation, defined as individual variation in food resource use within a population that is consistent over time, is...