Phytoplankton are a sentinel class of organisms in the marine environment. Through their photosynthetic activity in sunlit waters worldwide, phytoplankton shape the health and productivity of marine ecosystems and impact the global climate. In this work a range of ocean sensing technologies (via ships, surf zone sampling, moorings, gliders, and...
The testes of the gray-tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus Miller) exhibited a high affinity for selenium relative to other selected tissues. Uptake of selenium-75 in the testis-epididymis complex was delayed relative to uptake by the whole body, kidney, and liver. This pattern of uptake suggested that selenium was metabolically incorporated into...
Understanding and modeling microbial responses and feedbacks to climate change is hampered by a lack of a framework in the pelagic environment by which to link local mechanism to large scale patterns. Where terrestrial ecology draws from landscape theory and practice to address issues of scale, the pelagic seascape concept...
Ocean color remote-sensing systems require highly accurate calibration (<0.5%) for accurate retrieval of water properties. This accuracy is typically achieved by vicarious calibration which is done by comparing the atmospherically corrected remote-sensing data to accurate estimates of the water-leaving radiance. Here we present a new method for vicarious calibration of...
Existing atmospheric correction algorithms for multichannel remote sensing of ocean color from space were designed for retrieving water-leaving radiances in the visible over clear deep ocean areas and cannot easily be modified for retrievals over turbid coastal waters. We have developed an atmospheric correction algorithm for hyperspectral remote sensing of...
Remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST) and a model originally developed for Cap Blanc, northwest Africa [Dugdale et al., 1989], are used to estimate new production (i.e., nitrate uptake, in the sense of Dugdale and Goering [1967]) for the persistent coastal upwelling feature at Point Conception, California. Parameters required to...
The difference between the temperature of the ocean at 4-cm and 2-m depth was continuously monitored during a cruise to the coastal transition zone off Point Arena, California (38°58′N, 123°45′W), during June 1987. The two temperatures were coincident most of the time but diverged during one nearshore leg of the...
We evaluate the theoretical performance of a point-source integrating-cavity absorption meter (PSICAM) with Monte Carlo simulations and a sensitivity analysis. We quantify the scattering errors, verifying that they are negligible for most ocean optics applications. Although the PSICAM detector response is highly sensitive to the value of the wall reflectivity,...
Macronutrients persist in the surface layer of the equatorial Pacific Ocean because the production of phytoplankton is limited; the nature of this limitation has yet to be resolved. Measurements of photosynthesis as a function of irradiance (P-I) provide information on the control of primary productivity, a question of great biogeochemical...
Euphotic zone depth, z[subscript]1%, reflects the depth where photosynthetic available radiation
(PAR) is 1% of its surface value. The value of z[subscript]1% is a measure of water clarity, which is
an important parameter regarding ecosystems. Based on the Case-1 water assumption,
z[subscript]1% can be estimated empirically from the remotely derived...
As a demonstrator for technologies for the next generation of ocean color sensors,
the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) provides enhanced spatial and
spectral resolution that is required to understand optically complex aquatic environments. In
this study we apply HICO, along with satellite remote sensing and in situ...
Current ocean color sensors, for example SeaWiFS and MODIS, are well suited for sampling the open ocean. However,
coastal environments are spatially and optically more complex and require more frequent sampling and higher spatial
resolution sensors with additional spectral channels. We have conducted experiments with data from Hyperion and
airborne...
This study uses derivative spectroscopy to assess qualitative and quantitative information regarding seafloor types that can be extracted from hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance signals. Carbonate sediments with variable concentrations of microbial pigments were used as a model system. Reflectance signals measured directly over sediment bottoms were compared with remotely sensed...
Remote-sensing reflectance is easier to interpret for the open ocean than for coastal regions because the optical signals are highly coupled to the phytoplankton (e.g., chlorophyll) concentrations. For estuarine or coastal waters, variable terrigenous colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), suspended sediments, and bottom reflectance, all factors that do not covary...
The propagation of downwelling irradiance at wavelength l from surface to a depth (z) in the ocean is governed by the diffuse attenuation coefficient, K𝒹(λ). There are two standard methods for the derivation of K𝒹(λ) in remote sensing, which both are based on empirical relationships involving the blue-to-green ratio of...
A drifter equipped with bio-optical sensors and an automated water sampler was deployed in the California Current as part of the coastal transition zone program to study the biological, chemical, and physical dynamics of the meandering filaments. During deployments in 1987 and 1988, measurements were made of fluorescence, downwelling irradiance,...
A drifter equipped with bio-optical sensors and an automated water sampler was deployed in the California Current as part of the coastal transition zone program to study the biological, chemical, and physical dynamics of the meandering filaments. During deployments in 1987 and 1988, measurements were made of fluorescence, downwelling irradiance,...
Sensor design and mission planning for satellite ocean color measurements requires careful consideration of the signal dynamic range and sensitivity (specifically here signal-to-noise ratio or SNR) so that small changes of ocean properties (e.g., surface chlorophyll-a concentrations or Chl) can be quantified while most measurements are not saturated. Past and...
The physical, biological, chemical, and optical
processes of the ocean operate on a wide
variety of spatial and temporal scales, from
seconds to decades and from micrometers to
thousands of kilometers (Dickey et al., this
issue; Dickey, 1991). These processes drive
the accumulation and loss of living and nonliving
mass...
The Ocean Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low-Light Spectroscopy (Ocean PHILLS) is a hyperspectral imager specifically designed for imaging the coastal ocean. It uses a thinned, backside-illuminated CCD for high sensitivity and an all-reflective spectrograph with a convex grating in an Offner configuration to produce a nearly distortion-free image. The sensor,...
The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) presently onboard the International Space Station (ISS) is an imaging spectrometer designed for remote sensing of coastal waters. The instrument is not equipped with any onboard spectral and radiometric calibration devices. Here we describe vicarious calibration techniques that have been used in...
Hydrological optics has a rich history, playing a significant role in physical, chemical, and biological oceanography. The success over the last 30 years has provided oceanographers with a non-invasive means to study regional and global scale physical, chemical, and biological processes (Figure 1). The ability to map the color of...
We present the results of a study of optical scattering and backscattering of particulates for three coastal sites that represent a wide range of optical properties that are found in U.S. near-shore waters. The 6000 scattering and backscattering spectra collected for this study can be well approximated by a power-law...
Hyperion is a hyperspectral sensor on board NASA’s EO-1 satellite with a spatial
resolution of approximately 30 m and a swath width of about 7 km. It was originally designed
for land applications, but its unique spectral configuration (430 nm – 2400 nm with a ~10 nm
spectral resolution) and...
In optically shallow waters, i.e., when the bottom is visible through the water,
a tantalizing variety and level of detail about bottom characteristics are
apparent in aerial imagery (Figure 1a). Some information is relatively easy to
extract from true color, 3-band imagery (e.g., the presence and extent of submerged
vegetation),...
A spectrum-matching and look-up-table (LUT) methodology has been developed and evaluated to extract environmental information from remotely sensed hyperspectral imagery. The LUT methodology works as follows. First, a database of remote-sensing reflectance (R[subscript]rs) spectra corresponding to various water depths, bottom reflectance spectra, and water-column inherent optical properties (IOPs) is constructed...
Published December 1965. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1965. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published June 1963. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1968. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This study evaluated effects of Positive Action, a school-based social-emotional and character development (SECD) intervention, on indicators of positive youth development (PYD) among a sample of low-income, ethnic minority youth attending 14 urban schools. The study used a matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled design at the school level. A multiple-measure self-report protocol...
Underwater robots beneath ocean waves can benefit from feedforward control to reduce position error. This thesis proposes a method using Model Predictive Control (MPC) to predict and counteract future disturbances from an ocean wave field. The MPC state estimator employs a Linear Wave Theory (LWT) solver to approximate the component...
The education (particularly graduate education) of Americans
who were active in astronomical research between 1876 and 1941
is assessed for its effectiveness in preparing the astronomers for
careers in research. This period contains three dynamic changes:
the growth of American astronomy in becoming the world's leading
community of astronomers, the...
Several systems were examined for the production and delivery of recombinant vaccines for fish. C. crescentus was employed to produce a fragment of the IHNV glycoprotein. When administered by injection to 0.5 gram rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), one of the fusion proteins (184 amino acids of the IHNV glycoprotein fused...
Published September 1961. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Sediment cores were retrieved from a landslide-dammed lake, recording events back to the 5th century AD in a forested, mountainous catchment. These cores provide an opportunity to compare the impacts of known recent perturbations, including floods and timber harvesting with those of the early period of the core, flood, fire,...
Early child care and education programs have the potential to play a supportive role in the lives of vulnerable children and families involved in the child welfare system. Child care subsidies can help low-income families to access these programs. The current study examines the use and stability of child care...
Published January 1967. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Diffusion coefficients for isopropyl alcohol-air, isopropyl
alcohol-argon, isopropyl alcohol-mixture of argon 1
: air 1, isopropyl
alcohol-mixture of argon 1
: air 2, and carbon tetrachloride-air system were determined, using an Arnold cell technique.
The measured
carbon tetrachloride-air system diffusion coefficient was compared
with previously measured values to verify the...
Mycobacterium avium subsp hominissuis (MAH) is an opportunistic environmental pathogen that causes respiratory and gastrointestinal illness in immunocompromised persons such as those with chronic respiratory diseases or AIDs, respectively. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung infections, including in cystic...
Published January 1947. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Along the Pacific coast of North America, from Alaska to Mexico, harmful algal blooms (HABs) have caused losses to natural resources and coastal economies, and have resulted in human sicknesses and deaths for decades. Recent reports indicate a possible increase in their prevalence and impacts of these events on living...
The studies described in this thesis were motivated by ongoing efforts to develop lignocellulosic biomass as an efficient and practical source of renewable energy. Enormous problems complicate these efforts to reduce reliance on greenhouse gas-generating fossil fuels. Simply obtaining the fermentable sugars available in the cellulose and hemicellulose components of...
Carter Lake, a freshwater, coastal dune-margin lake,
was sampled at the beginning and end of the summer of 1986
to determine the sediment characteristics and benthic
macroinvertebrate abundance, biomass, variety, and
diversity. The distributions of major benthic habitats were
estimated by snorkeling in June and July, 1986. Water
temperature and...