The organic content of the Columbia River suspended particulate matter (SPM) results from the input of autochthonous (phytoplankton) and allochthonous (terrestrial vascular plants) production. The contribution of these two sources appears seasonal and responds to factors such as rainfall, runoff, river flow, light and nutrients availability. While numerous studies have...
The compositions and loadings of organic matter in soils and sediments from a diverse range of environments along the Fly River system were determined to investigate carbon transport and sequestration in this region. Soil horizons from highland sites representative of upland sources have organic carbon contents (%OC) that range from...
The decomposition of marine plankton in two-chamber, seawater-filled microbial fuel cells (MFCs) has been investigated and related to resulting chemical changes, electrode potentials, current efficiencies, and microbial diversity. Six experiments were run at various discharge potentials, and a seventh served as an open-circuit control. The plankton consisted of a mixture...
Prevention of wellbore CO₂ leakage is a critical component of any successful carbon capture, utilization, and storage program. Sporosarcina pasteurii is a bacterium that has demonstrated the potential ability to seal a compromised wellbore through the enzymatic precipitation of CaCO₃. Here we investigate the growth of S. pasteurii in a...
Sporosarcina pasteurii is known to produce calcite or biocement in the presence of urea and Ca²⁺. Herein, we report the use of novel ultramicrosensors such as pH, Ca²⁺, and redox sensors, along with a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM), to monitor a real-time, bacteria-mediated urea hydrolysis process and subsequent changes in...
It has been recognized since the 1950's that radioisotopic disequilibrium between naturally occurring parent-daughter isotope pairs in seawater can provide information on the rate of processes segregating them. In the surface ocean, the U-238:Th-234 parent-daughter pair tends to display measurable disequilibrium that is attributable to the effects of scavenging on...
Copper and iron are essential micronutrients that are required by marine primary producers for a variety of metabolic processes. Over 99% of both copper and iron are bound within organic complexes in the marine environment, however the molecular identity of many of these complexes remains unknown. The speciation of these...
In the last twenty years, human trafficking has gained attention in government agendas and media coverage, while anti-trafficking projects have burgeoned worldwide. Anti-trafficking efforts, however, have almost exclusively addressed the issue of sex trafficking with a focus on rescuing women, while overlooking other types of exploitation. This is noteworthy, given...
The focus of this thesis is to design, characterize, and apply novel computational methods and molecular systems to interrogate heterogeneous human gut microbiome-related phenomena. In Chapter 2, I design, implement, and characterize a method for embedding co-occurrence patterns derived from massive 16s amplicon datasets. I use this method to 1....
Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) and double-crested cormorants
(Phalacrocorax auritus) nest in large colonies on East Sand Island in the Columbia
River estuary, the largest known colonies for the two species in the world. Both
species of piscivorous colonial waterbirds have been identified as predators with a
significant impact on the...