Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have been subject to long-term and continuing declines in population and habitat since European settlement of western North America. Increased wildfire activity constitutes a primary threat to the species in western portions of their range, with documented declines in wildfire-affected populations. Following a 187,000-ha wildfire in...
Smoldering combustion in wildland fires poses hazards for both ecosystems and humans by destroying biomass, transitioning to flaming combustion, and releasing significant quantities of pollution. Understanding the parameters that control smoldering is necessary to help predict and potentially mitigate these hazards. A challenge in identifying these parameters is the wide...
This paper presents a new mechanical design of an anthropomorphic robot hand. The hand is designed such that it is adaptive, backdrivable, modularized to provide both dexterity and robustness. The hand has 18 joints, 14 degrees of freedom, and a new joint mechanism called an active DIP-PIP joint for the...
The Bering Sea Shelf transitions from ice-free to mostly ice-covered and back again over each winter. Sea ice coverage and the timing of ice melt play a critical role in determining shelf structure and consequently ecosystem response during the spring transition and summer. In this study, a 2-km resolution ocean...
The present study describes a primitive kissing bug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar. The fossil, which is described as Paleotriatoma metaxytaxa gen. et sp. nov., contains a predominance of features of the Triatominae as well as some characters of the Reduviinae and is considered an intermediate...
With more than 407 species of freshwater and brackish water fishes, Gabon is a country rich in ichthyological biodiversity, but its aquatic environments remain poorly explored. We present and describe a new species of Enteromius, adding to the 16 species of Enteromius currently recorded from that country. This new species...
Two solutions, at opposite ends of a continuum, have been proposed to limit negative impacts of human agricultural demand on biodiversity. Under land sharing, farmed landscapes are made as beneficial to wild species as possible, usually at the cost of lower yields. Under land sparing, yields are maximised and land...
Aim The hypothesis that habitat fragmentation negatively influences biodiversity stems from island biogeography and metapopulation theory which predict negative impacts of decreasing patch size on richness and distribution patterns. Empirical support of this idea is weak in terrestrial systems, though tests of fragmentation effects are typically confounded with landscape composition...
Silvopasture is the planned and managed agroecosystem in which forage, livestock, and woody perennials are integrated "either simultaneously or sequentially on the same parcel of land." Silvopasture can help mitigate anthropogenic climate change through carbon sequestration in perennial vegetation. We examined silvopasture, forest, and pasture systems in eastern North Carolina...
Product sensory information, an external cue, could greatly influence consumer enjoyment of hedonic products like coffee. The question is what type of sensory information, subjective (e.g., aroma, flavor and body) or objective (e.g., origin, varieties and production practices), has a higher impact on consumer product experience accounting for heterogeneous taste...
Bedrock (U-Th)/He data reveal an Eocene exhumation difference greater than four kilometers athwart Owens Valley, California near the Alabama Hills. This difference is localized at the eastern fault-bound edge of the valley between the Owens Valley Fault and the Inyo-White Mountains Fault. Time-temperature modeling of published data reveal a major...
A number of governance mechanisms address socio-environmental challenges associated with commodity agriculture in tropical forested countries. Governance mechanisms that prove effective in one agricultural sector are often applied to other sectors as well. For example, voluntary certification programs have been adopted by producers of commodities as diverse as beef, coffee,...
Grassland recovery from degradation is increasingly occurring worldwide. Diverse managements have been considered as effective ways to restore degraded grassland, but it remains unclear how semi-arid grasslands respond to long-term grazing exclusion and fenced mowing. Here, a study was conducted under open grazing, grazing exclusion and fenced mowing in a...
When microzooplankton graze phytoplankton prey, the consumed carbon is partitioned into particulates, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and CO2. Allocation of prey carbon to these various fates has important consequences for marine ecosystem function. A 2-stage continuous culture system was used to investigate carbon allocation by microzooplankton consuming phytoplankton grown in...
Background A novel equine parvovirus (EqPV-H) was recently discovered in the equine liver with Theiler's disease. Objectives To determine the prevalence of EqPV-H infection in naturally occurring Theiler's disease cases and in-contact horses in the absence of historical equine biologic product administration. Animals Ten cases of Theiler's disease from 6...
Bloomy rind cheeses, including Camembert and related varieties, can he produced using alternative processes that vary based on milk preacidification, cutting, curd handling, and ripening parameters. Modification of these parameters creates distinct cheeses such as lactic curd, stabilized curd, and hybrids of the two. The objective of this study was...
Direct seeding techniques often result in unsatisfactory outcomes in rangeland rehabilitation, primarily because of low seedling emergence and poor establishment. Seed processing techniques aimed at improving seedling emergence have gained interest by pasture managers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effects of bracteole removal and seeding...
Lactate monooxygenase (LMO) catalyzes the FMN-dependent "coupled" oxidation of lactate and O-2 to acetate, carbon dioxide, and water, involving pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide as enzyme-bound intermediates. Other alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase family members follow an "uncoupled pathway," wherein the alpha-keto acid product quickly dissociates before the reduced flavin reacts with oxygen....
In this article, we price American options under Heston's stochastic volatility model using a radial basis function (RBF) with partition of unity method (PUM) applied to a linear complementary formulation of the free boundary partial differential equation problem. RBF-PUMs are local meshfree methods that are accurate and flexible with respect...
Coastal landscape change represents aggregated sediment transport gradients from spatially and temporally variable marine and aeolian forces. Numerous tools exist that independently simulate subaqueous and subaerial coastal profile change in response to these physical forces on a range of time scales. In this capacity, coastal foredunes have been treated primarily...
Objectives
A growing body of research has found that healthcare discrimination is a significant barrier in accessing healthcare among Latino patients. Despite evidence of the effects of perceived discrimination among Latinos, psychometric testing of scales used in previous research is limited. The present study explored the psychometric properties of a...
Halogens are primarily located within surface reservoirs of the Earth; as such they have proven to be effective tracers for the identification of subducted volatiles within the mantle. Subducting lithologies exhibit a wide variety of halogen compositions, yet the mantle maintains a fairly uniform signature, suggesting halogens may be homogenized...
Data Management Plans (DMPs) have been used in the last decade to encourage good data management practices among researchers. DMPs are widely used, preventive tools that encourage good data management practices. DMPs are traditionally used to manage data during the planning stage of the project, often required for grant proposals,...
Biosensors have become an indispensable tool set in life sciences. Among them, fluorescent protein-based biosensors have great biocompatibility and tunable emission properties but their development is largely on trial and error. To facilitate a rational design, we implement tunable femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy, aided by transient absorption and quantum calculations,...
The delta O-18 signal preserved in paleoarchives is widely used to reconstruct past climate conditions. In many speleothems, this signal is classically interpreted via the amount effect. However, recent work has shown that precipitation delta O-18 (delta O-18(p)) is greatly influenced by convective processes distinct from precipitation amount, and new...
Forests dominate carbon (C) exchanges between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere on land. In the long term, the net carbon flux between forests and the atmosphere has been significantly impacted by changes in forest cover area and structure due to ecological disturbances and management activities. Current empirical approaches for...
The distribution of the freshwater myxozoan parasite Ceratonova shasta in the Pacific Northwest of North America is limited to overlap in the ranges of its 2 hosts: the polychaete Manyunkia sp., and Pacific salmonids. Studies in the Klamath River (Oregon/California) and Deschutes River (Oregon), showed that the parasite population is...
In view of the widespread damage to coastal bridges during recent tsunamis (2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 in Japan) large-scale hydrodynamic experiments of tsunami wave impact on a bridge with open girders were conducted in the Large Wave Flume at Oregon State University. The main objective was to decipher the...
The tropical clam Anomalocardia brasiliana is a commercially important bivalve living along the south Atlantic coast of Latin America. Harvest of natural stocks is the principal method for supplying market demand-the market average price ranging from 5 to 10 US$ per kilogram of meat. As a first step in the...
Soils in household environments in low- and middle-income countries may play an important role in the persistence, proliferation, and transmission of Escherichia coli. Our goal was to investigate the risk factors for detection, survival, and growth of E. coli in soils collected from household plots. E. coli was enumerated in...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections in the United States have been linked to consumption of raw oysters. Depuration has the potential to reduce contamination in live oysters after harvest. This study investigated the impact of depuration flow rate to reduce V. parahaemolyticus in raw oysters. Pacific oysters (n = 35 per trial)...
Extension is known for developing practical applications through research and demonstration of new and improved practices that positively affect end users. However, Extension has much to offer to all learners, including matriculated students, through experiential learning opportunities. A successful multidisciplinary effort involved students, faculty, and stakeholders in engaging communities as...
New Paleomagnetic Secular Variation (PSV) data from Fish Lake, Utah, USA, along with previously published regional records, allow us to build an independently dated Western North America PSV stack (WNAM17) from about 35 to 15 ka that quantifies dating and paleomagnetic uncertainties. In February 2014, we recovered a composite 11-m-long...
Water conservation in nursery systems is an ever-increasing focus, yet there is relatively little guidance for growers producing seedlings intended for restoration regarding how practices such as subirrigation influence plant growth in the nursery and after outplanting. Our study investigated red-flowering currant (Ribes sanguineum Pursh) seedling development and early field...
The environmental fate of conifer resins and their natural product compounds as mixtures is of importance for source, alteration, and transport studies. The compound compositions of resins of the common Callitris species (Cupressaceae) based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry have not been reported. Results show that diterpenoids were the most abundant...
An ambrosia fungus is described from filamentous sporodochia adjacent to a wood-boring ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae) in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Yeast-like propagules and hyphal fragments of Paleoambrosia entomophila gen. nov. et sp. nov. occur in glandular sac mycangia located inside the femur of the beetle. This is the first...
Accurately predicting key combustion phenomena in reactive-flow simulations, e.g., lean blow-out, extinction/ignition limits and pollutant formation, necessitates the use of detailed chemical kinetics. The large size and high levels of numerical stiffness typically present in chemical kinetic models relevant to transportation/power-generation applications make the efficient evaluation/factorization of the chemical kinetic...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as energy storage devices play an important role in all aspects of our life. The increasing energy demand of the society requires LIBs with higher energy density and better performance. We here develop a new and easy-to-scaleup sol-gel method to coat a surface protection layer on commercial...
In this paper, we consider European and American option pricing problems under regime switching jump diffusion models which are formulated as a system of partial integro-differential equations (PIDEs) with fixed and free boundaries. For free boundary problem arising in pricing American option, we use operator splitting method to deal with...
This work proposes a technique for distributed multi-robot exploration that leverages novel methods of map inference. The inference technique uses observed map structure to infer unobserved map features. The team then coordinates to explore both the inferred and observed portions of the map. Individual robots select exploration poses by accounting...
To provide an easy and reliable work tool to identify the sex of Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome) chicks, we weighed and measured 95 nestlings in the creche phase during 24-31 January 2017 on the Falkland Islands, Argentina. Sex was subsequently determined using DNA analyses of blood from the same individuals....
Hematological studies concerned with the determination of normal values of blood parameters in animals have been increasing. However, studies on normal concentration of blood constituents of free-living birds still are not very common, and less than 5% of the species of birds have been analyzed, mostly in captivity. Avian hematology...
In recent years the conservation community has engaged in debate over value in nonhuman nature, especially as it relates to motivations for conservation. Many have expressed the assumption that more people are willing to support conservation when emphasis is placed on the human benefits of nonhuman nature, rather than the...
Modulation of gene expression through RNA interference is well conserved in eukaryotes and is involved in many cellular processes. In the oomycete Phytophthora, research on the small RNA machinery and function has started to reveal potential roles in the pathogen, but much is still unknown. We examined Argonaute (AGO) homologs...
Digestion of milk proteins in the premature infant stomach releases functional peptides; however, which peptides are present has not been reported. Premature infants are often fed a combination of human milk and bovine milk fortifiers, but the variety of functional peptides released from both human and bovine milk proteins remains...
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a key component of the global climate system. Recent studies suggested a twentieth-century weakening of the AMOC of unprecedented amplitude (similar to 15%) over the last millennium. Here we present a record of O-18 in benthic foraminifera from sediment cores retrieved from the...
Anthozoa-class red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) are frequently used as biological markers, with far-red (lambda(em) similar to 600-700 nm) emitting variants sought for whole-animal imaging because biological tissues are more permeable to light in this range. A barrier to the use of naturally occurring RFP variants as molecular markers is that...
Background: Having conquered water surfaces worldwide, the semi-aquatic bugs occupy ponds, streams, lakes, mangroves, and even open oceans. The diversity of this group has inspired a range of scientific studies from ecology and evolution to developmental genetics and hydrodynamics of fluid locomotion. However, the lack of a representative water strider...
Many habitat selection studies have focused on the importance of spatiotemporal scales and sample size, yet often hidden within is a trade-off between using more animal locations versus more predictive covariates. Few have evaluated the outcome of choosing between these two different paths even though the trade-off can have significant...
The effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on storage quality, cellular water distribution, and cell wall metabolism of strawberry fruit after subjected to shelf or cold storage were investigated. Fruit were fumigated with a range of aqueous NaHS solution (0.4-3.2 mmol/L), then stored at 20 degrees C for 3 d or...
STEM is evolving as a discipline and includes challenging educational practices. Teachers need support to address these challenges and implement STEM. We present an intervention in which a STEM coach supported teachers implementing STEM across a school district. The coach role was valued for (1) connecting to outside resources, (2)...
The provision of many ecosystem services depends on the spatial pattern of land use across multiple landowners. Even holding land use constant, ecosystem service provision may change through time due to climate change. This paper develops an auction mechanism that implements an optimal solution for providing ecosystem services through time...
Operational studies are necessary to support production and management decisions of forest industries. A time study (TS) approach is widely used in timber harvesting operations to understand the performance of individual harvesting machines as well as the entire system. However, several limitations of the TS approach include the use of...
Mobile phone use is known to be associated with musculoskeletal pain in the neck and upper extremities because of related physical risk factors, including awkward postures. A chair that provides adequate support (armrests and back support) may reduce biomechanical loading in the neck and shoulder regions. Therefore, we conducted a...
A model is presented for the horizontal and vertical diffusion of sand tracer particles by waves and is verified using a reanalysis of the experiments of Miller and Komar (1979, ). In the model, sand particles take random jumps at a rate associated with the wave period but also can...
Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) has been instrumental in reconstructing dietary ecology of extinct and extant carnivorans. Current sampling methods for canids focus on lower second molars (m2), where the grinding of flesh and bone captures dental microwear indicative of diet. However, dental microwear on other biomechanically analogous grinding facets...
The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) is one of the most serious insect pest species to evolve resistance against many insecticides from different chemical classes. This species has evolved resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides across its native range and is becoming a truly global pest after establishing in South America...
Developments in smart home technology and the Internet of Things have significantly increased the demand for high-speed indoor wireless links. Although the majority of the research conducted in this area is still focused on the efficient usage of radio frequency (RF) spectrum, free-space optical (FSO) networks have also been explored...
Shrubs, bunchgrasses and biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are believed to contribute to site resistance to plant invasions in the presence of cattle grazing. Although fire is a concomitant disturbance with grazing, little is known regarding their combined impacts on invasion resistance. We are the first to date to test the...
High-pressure torsion (HPT) is used to investigate the formation of a new metal system by the direct bonding of separate disks of Al and Cu by processing at room temperature under a compressive pressure of 6.0 GPa and with increasing numbers of HPT turns up to 60. A detailed examination...
Acer is a large and important genus of woody plants most commonly encountered as small to large trees in urban landscapes. Considerable investigation has been devoted to addressing the taxonomy of maples, but little is known about genome sizes across the genus. Relatively more work has been conducted to determine...
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of modified atmosphere (MA) packages on the external quality of organically grown lowbush blueberry and half-highbush blueberry ('Northblue') and the nutritional value of the fruits. Fruits were divided into plastic punnets and stored as follows: regular atmosphere (RA), punnets without...
CAPA and pyrokinin (PK) neuropeptides are produced from two different genes, capa and pyrokinin, respectively. In this study, we identified and characterized the capa and pyrokinin genes from the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera). The capa gene encodes two CAPA-PVK (periviscerokinin) peptides (DAGLFPFPRVamide and EQ-LIPFPRVamide) and one CAPA-DH...
Background: Relative to heterosexual youth, sexual minority youth exhibit increased substance use. Risk for polysubstance use, which magnifies drug-related harms, remains largely unexamined for sexual minority youth. This investigation used a nationally-representative dataset to compare polysubstance use patterns between sexual minority and heterosexual youth.
Methods: The cross-sectional 2015 CDC's Youth...
Objectives: Parental pediatric vaccine decisions are influenced by parents' health provider networks. Complementary and alternative medical providers may be key influences in the networks of those parents who do not vaccinate their children. Methods: From March to July 2013, we conducted semi-structured interviews of Oregon complementary and alternative medical providers...
Biological hydrogen production through photo-fermentative process using dark fermented palm oil effluent (DPOME) is a cost effective and environmentally benign process. In this study, effect of various factors like light intensity, agitation rate and dilution of DPOME on the hydrogen productivity of Rhodopseudomanas palustris were investigated using batch system. Investigation...
Palm leaves represent one of the most important non-timber forest products in tropical and subtropical regions. Brahea aculeata is an endemic palm of northwest Mexico, whose leaves are intensively exploited for roof thatch and handcrafts. As part of a long-term defoliation experiment, we evaluated the effects of different leaf harvest...
We investigate the modular properties of a new partition rank, the M-d-rank of overpartitions. In fact this is an infinite family of ranks, indexed by the positive integer d, that gives both the Dyson rank of overpartitions and the overpartition M-2-rank as special cases. The M-d-rank of overpartitions is the...
A series of new ternary graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) containing alkaline earth metal cations (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and ethylenediamine (en) are reported. These GICs are deep blue to green in color and can be prepared as phase-pure compounds by the direct reaction of graphite powder with the...
Harvesting behaviors of natural resource users, such as farmers, fishermen and aquaculturists, are shaped by season-to-season and day-to-day variability, or in other words risk. Here, we explore how risk mitigation strategies can lead to sustainable use and improved management of common-pool natural resources. Over-exploitation of unmanaged natural resources, which lowers...
Full-time vehicle and heavy equipment operators often have a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, especially low back pain (LBP). In occupations requiring vehicles or heavy equipment operation, exposure to whole body vibration (WBV) has been consistently associated with LBP. LBP is the most common cause of work-related disability and continues...
On June 20, 2017, members of the environmental engineering and science (EES) community convened at the Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors (AEESP) Biennial Conference for a workshop on antimicrobial resistance. With over 80 registered participants, discussion groups focused on the following topics: risk assessment, monitoring, wastewater treatment, agricultural...
During their migrations, marine predators experience varying levels of protection and face many threats as they travel through multiple countries' jurisdictions and across ocean basins. Some populations are declining rapidly. Contributing to such declines is a failure of some international agreements to ensure effective cooperation by the stakeholders responsible for...
Excess fat intake can increase lipid oxidation and expression of mitochondrial proteins, indicating remodeling of the mitochondrial proteome. Yet intermediates of lipid oxidation also accumulate, indicating a relative insufficiency to completely oxidize lipids. We investigated remodeling of the mitochondrial proteome to determine mechanisms of changes in lipid oxidation following high-fat...
Both the weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances have been very successfully employed to assess if two communities differ, but do not give any information about how two communities differ. We take advantage of recent observations that the UniFrac metric is equivalent to the so-called earth mover's distance (also known as...
Accurately estimating evapotranspiration (ET) at large spatial scales is essential to our understanding of land-atmosphere coupling and the surface balance of water and energy. Comparisons between remote sensing-based ET models are difficult due to diversity in model formulation, parametrization and data requirements. The constituent components of ET have been shown...
Heavy biodegraded crude oils have larger numbers of coeluting compounds than non- biodegraded oils, and they are typically not resolved with conventional gas chromatography (GC). This unresolved complex mixture (UCM) has been investigated using comprehensive two- dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-ToFMS) within a set of biodegraded petroleums derived from...
The rolling resistance model has been employed in the discrete element modelling in geomechanics, as an alternative computationally efficient approach to capture the resistance of particle rotation due to irregularity in shape. This paper presents a series of 3D DEM simulations of triaxial compression tests on specimens with rolling resistance...
Small Island Developing States (SIDS) have been amongst the most neglected group with regard to energy access until recently when several voices were raised to highlight the vulnerabilities of these small nations. Since then, their levels of energy access have become the focus of significant attention. These levels vary over...
Common ecological restoration treatments such as thinning trees and prescribed burning could result in changes to soil fungal communities and changes to the function of those communities. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are especially likely to be affected as they are symbionts on plant roots and exhibit host and niche preferences. Ectomycorrhizal fungi...
(1) Background: The red seaweed Palmaria mollis (PM), which has a bacon-like taste, is increasingly being included in Western diets. In this study, we evaluate anti-obesity effects of PM using diet-induced obese (DIO) zebrafish and mice models. (2) Methods: We fed PM-containing feed to DIO-zebrafish and mice, and evaluated the...
On June 20, 2017, members of the environmental engineering and science (EES) community convened at the Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors (AEESP) Biennial Conference for a workshop on antimicrobial resistance. With over 80 registered participants, discussion groups focused on the following topics: risk assessment, monitoring, wastewater treatment, agricultural...
The purpose of this study was to explore the current levels of physical activity among youth with disabilities using meta-analysis. The search identified 11 publications including 729 participants (age 4-20 yr). The overall effect size for 11 studies was Hedges g = 0.60 (SE = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]...
Hop looper, Hypena humuli Harris, can cause substantial defoliation and crop damage by feeding on hop leaves and cones. A 4-yr field study conducted in western Oregon evaluated the abundance of hop looper larvae and associated defoliation of leaves on plants fertilized with nitrogen rates ranging from 44.8 to 269...
Despite the importance of fodder shrubs to small ruminant diets and production in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, they are often not considered when quantifying grazing land potential. This oversight is mainly due to the time consuming and costly traditional techniques used to estimate shrub biomass. The shrub fodder component should...
The use of timber harvest residue as an energy source is thought to have environmental benefits relative to food-based crops, yet the ecological impact of this practice remains largely unknown. We assessed whether the abundance and diversity of wild bees (Apoidea) were influenced by the removal of harvest residue and...
Previous studies have shown that there are differences in taste responses between various regions of the tongue. Most of those studies used a controlled "passive" tasting mode due to the nature of investigation. However, food is rarely tasted in a passive manner. In addition, recent studies have suggested that humans...
This randomized controlled trial study was conducted to determine whether two different seating interventions would reduce exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) and improve associated health outcomes. Forty professional truck drivers were randomly assigned to two groups: (i) a control group of 20 drivers who received a new, industry-standard air-suspension seat,...
The physical interconnection of ground and surface waters is rarely acknowledged in inter-state and international agreements over surface water. This is especially true in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo basin, where groundwater pumping is at the heart of several disputes and legal cases related to compliance with intergovernmental water agreements. This...
Several crops have recently been identified as potential dedicated bioenergy feedstocks for the production of power, fuels, and bioproducts. Despite being identified as early as the 1980s, no systematic work has been undertaken to characterize the spatial distribution of their long-term production potentials in the United states. Such information is...
Invasive species in riparian forests are unique as their effects can transcend ecosystem boundaries via stream-riparian linkages. The green alder sawfly (Monsoma pulveratum) is an invasive wasp whose larvae are defoliating riparian thin-leaf alder (Alnus tenuifolia) stands across southcentral Alaska. To test the hypothesis that riparian defoliation by this invasive...
The first total syntheses of triptobenzene T, vitexifolin C, 4-epi-triptobenzene L, triptobenzene L, and nepetaefolin F have been accomplished through an enantioselective, common intermediate approach and have enabled the confirmation and/or establishment of the absolute stereochemistry of each natural product synthesized. Application of three new and/or underutilized Pummerer reaction pathways...
Two viable pathways (vinyl sulfide and acyl oxonium ion) for the Pummerer cyclization have been unraveled that expand the reaction scope and capabilities. Use of Bronsted-enhanced Lewis acidity was key to realization of the vinyl sulfide pathway, whereas selective complexation of the sulfur lone pair facilitated the unprecedented acyl oxonium...
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide with human papillomavirus (HPV) being the main cause the disease. Chromosomal amplifications have been identified as a source of upregulation for cervical cancer driver genes but cannot fully explain increased expression of immune genes in invasive carcinoma. Insight into...
The future of agricultural research depends on data. The sheer volume of agricultural biological data being produced today makes excellent data management essential. Governmental agencies, publishers and science funders require datamanagement plans for publicly funded research. Furthermore, the value of data increases exponentially when they are properly stored, described, integrated...
Biodiversity information is made available through numerous databases that each have their own data models, web services, and data types. Combining data across databases leads to new insights, but is not easy because each database uses its own system of identifiers. In the absence of stable and interoperable identifiers, databases...
Plant species in the family Solanaceae are the usual hosts of potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae). However, the psyllid has also been shown to develop on some species of Convolvulaceae (bindweeds and morning glories). Developmental success on Convolvulaceae is surprising given the rarity of psyllid species worldwide...
During traditional boat-based surveys of marine megafauna, behavioral observations are typically limited to records of animal surfacings obtained from a horizontal perspective. Achieving an aerial perspective has been restricted to brief helicopter or airplane based observations that are costly, noisy, and risky. The emergence of commercial small unmanned aerial systems...
During traditional boat-based surveys of marine megafauna, behavioral observations are typically limited to records of animal surfacings obtained from a horizontal perspective. Achieving an aerial perspective has been restricted to brief helicopter or airplane based observations that are costly, noisy, and risky. The emergence of commercial small unmanned aerial systems...
Intracellular pH (pH(i)) imaging is of paramount importance for life sciences. In this work, we implement the ultrafast electronic and stimulated Raman spectroscopies to unravel the fluorescence mechanism of an excitation-ratiometric pH(i) indicator in basic aqueous solution. After photoexcitation of the pH(i) indicator HPTS, a hidden charge-transfer (CT) state following...