Objective: To examine the associations between the 2008 economic collapse in Iceland and smoking behaviour at the national and individual levels.
Design: A population-based, prospective cohort study based on a mail survey (Health and Wellbeing in Iceland) assessed in 2007 and 2009.
Setting: National mail survey.
Participants: Representative cohort (n=3755)...
In opening our eyes to the unseen wonders of the ocean Jacques Cousteau is thought to have said, “People protect what they love.” A variation, perhaps, on the words of the Senegalese poet and naturalist Baba Dioum: “In the end, we will conserve only what we love. We will love...
New seafloor mapping and sampling demonstrates that the eruption of the high-Ca boninites is clearly associated with rifting of the northern Tonga ridge and the northern Lau Basin at the northern termination of the Tonga Trench. There is very strong evidence for OIB plume related mantle sources involved in the...
A new matrix operator framework is developed to analyze results from climate modeling studies that employ numerical water tracers (WTs), which track the movement of water in the aerial hydrological cycle from evaporation to precipitation. Model WT output is related to the fundamental equation of hydrology, and the moisture flux...
Recent trends in librarianship point to themes of crafters, artisans, and makers in library spaces. The American Library Association's Center for the Future of Libraries includes the Maker Movement as one of its trends. Librarians can support these makers and entrepreneurs by thinking of libraries as a place to create...
Small chemicals like drugs tend to bind to proteins via noncovalent bonds, e.g. hydrogen bonds, salt bridges or electrostatic interactions. Some chemicals interact with other molecules than the actual target ligand, representing so-called ‘off-target' activities of drugs. Such interactions are a main cause of adverse side effects to drugs and...
Reservoirs can have both positive and negative effects on differing fish species depending on the species concerned and reservoir morphology, flow regime, and basin location. We assessed the influence of limnological zones on the ichthyofauna of three large Neotropical reservoirs in two different river basins. We sampled fish through use...
In this paper, we describe a fusion approach to finding opinionated blog postings. Our approach to opinion blog retrieval consisted of first applying traditional IR methods to retrieve on-topic blogs and then boosting the ranks of opinionated blogs based on combined opinion scores generated by multiple assessment methods. Our opinion...
Recent studies hypothesize that some submarine slides fail via pressure-driven slow-slip deformation. To test this hypothesis, this study derives pore pressures in failed and adjacent unfailed deep marine sediments by integrating rock physics models, physical property measurements on recovered sediment core, and wireline logs. Two drill sites (U1394 and U1399)...
The Gulf Stream is a major conduit of warm surface water from the tropics to the subpolar North Atlantic. Here we observe and simulate a submesoscale (<20 km) mechanism by which the Gulf Stream exchanges water with subpolar water to the north. Along isopycnals, the front has a sharp compensated...
Coral reefs are in decline worldwide, and land-derived sources of pollution, including sewage, are a major force driving that deterioration. This review presents evidence that sewage discharge occurs in waters surrounding at least 104 of 112 reef geographies. Studies often refer to sewage as a single stressor. However, we show...
The particle size distribution (PSD) is a critical aspect of the oceanic ecosystem. Local variability in the PSD can be indicative of shifts in microbial community structure and reveal patterns in cell growth and loss. The PSD also plays a central role in particle export by influencing settling speed. Satellite-based...
The leading edge of the ENE-trending Himalayan thrust front in Pakistan exhibits along-strike changes in deformational style, ranging from fault-bend to fault-propagation folds. Although the structural geometry is very gently deformed throughout the Salt Range, it becomes progressively more complex to the east as the leading edge of the emergent...
Satellite‐derived sea surface salinity (SSS) data from Aquarius and SMOS are used to study the shelf‐open ocean exchanges in the western South Atlantic near 35°S. Away from the tropics, these exchanges cause the largest SSS variability throughout the South Atlantic. The data reveal a well‐defined seasonal pattern of SSS during...
Directing feature films in the GDR was largely a male-dominated profession. One of the few female directors was Iris Gusner, whose films explored issues working GDR women faced in their everyday lives. A close reading of her 1984 feature film Kaskade Rückwärts, in particular the focus on sound and on...
OBJECTIVE: Pharmacokinetic interactions exist between combined
oral contraceptives and protease inhibitors (PI). However, such
information is lacking for progestin-only oral contraception. We
sought to define the steady-state pharmacokinetic interaction between
norethindrone (NET) and PI in HIV-infected women.
METHODS AND DESIGN: We conducted an open-label, prospective,
nonrandomized trial to characterize the...
A coupled biophysical model is used to examine the impact of the great Arctic cyclone
of early August 2012 on the marine planktonic ecosystem in the Pacific sector of the Arctic
Ocean (PSA). Model results indicate that the cyclone influences the marine planktonic
ecosystem by enhancing productivity on the shelves...
Adsorbed molecules are involved in many reactions on solid surfaces that are of great technological
importance. As such, there has been tremendous effort worldwide to learn how to theoretically
predict rates for reactions involving adsorbed molecules. Theoretical calculations of rate constants
require knowing both their activation energy and prefactor. Recent...
The increase in atmospheric concentrations of water vapor with global warming is a large positive feedback in the climate system. Thus, even relatively small errors in its magnitude can lead to large uncertainties in predicting climate response to anthropogenic forcing. This study incorporates observed variability of water vapor over 2002–2009...