Oregon is a wonderful state. Forested land is found in every region. It's good to know about the types of plants and land use that dominate your home state. The goals of the Oregon 4-H Forestry Project are to give factual, science-based information about forests and to give you a...
Published October 1946. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
While the d⁰ transition-metal POMs of Group V (V⁵⁺, Nb⁵⁺, Ta⁵⁺) and Group VI (Mo⁶⁺, W⁶⁺) have been known for more than a century, the actinyl peroxide POMs, specifically those built of uranyl triperoxide or uranyl dihydroxidediperoxide polyhedra, were only realized within the last decade. While virtually every metal on...
Revised July 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Reprinted July 1987. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Welcome to the beginning 4-H outdoor cooking project—S’mores and More! If you haven’t yet experienced the joys of cooking outdoors, here’s your opportunity to roast marshmallows, make your own S’mores, and so much more!
Revised July 1987. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This book is offered to youth leaders and teachers as a tool to help young learners discover some of the wonders that the sea has to offer. It is also a tool for youth development. The goal of youth programming is to provide developmentally appropriate opportunities for young people to...
Published July 1988. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The Oregon 4-H Youth Development Program believes in the right
of every child to a safe and nurturing environment. Actions against
children that contribute to child abuse or neglect are contrary to the
values of the Oregon 4-H Youth Development Program. We oppose such
actions in all settings.
People who...
Rocks are defined as aggregates or mixtures of minerals; rocks also include noncrystalline materials such as the natural glasses, and organic material such as coal. Rocks are found ready-made in nature. They are not homogeneous nor are they crystalline, although they may be made up of crystalline material. The composition...
Where a legacy of aggressive wildland fire suppression has left forests in need of fuel reduction, allowing wildland fire to burn may provide fuel treatment benefits, thereby reducing suppression costs from subsequent fires. The least-cost-plus-net-value-change model of wildland fire economics includes benefits of wildfire in a framework for evaluating suppression...
This study quantifies the short-term effects of low-, moderate-, and high-severity fire on carbon pools and fluxes in the Eastern Cascades of Oregon. We surveyed 64 forest stands across four fires that burned 41,000 ha (35%) of the Metolius Watershed in 2002 and 2003, stratifying the landscape by burn severity...
Fuel accumulation and climate shifts are predicted to increase the frequency of high-severity fires in pon-derosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of central Oregon. The combustion of fuels containing large downedwood can result in intense soil heating, alteration of soil properties, and mortality of microbes. Previousstudies show ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) improve...
Though many arid and contaminated sites have high salinity, prediction of effects of salinity on water movement in soils has been based on dilute solution approximations. Here a sensitivity analysis compares predicted liquid and vapor pressure in variably saturated porous media found using both the dilute approximations and a more...
The study applies the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) model and Social Contract Theory to investigate the effect of behavioral practices scenarios (stimulus) on consumers’ evaluations of their online shopping experiences (internal organism) and repurchase intention toward online retailers (external response). The findings suggest there is a disconnect between online shoppers and their...
At a spatially heterogeneous mixed-conifer forest in the central California Sierras, we quantified total
carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), inorganic N, and net N mineralization in organic (O) and surface (0–15 cm) mineral
soils, and in situ fluxes of inorganic N and ortho-phosphate using resin lysimeters under three patch types:...
Upwelling jets flow alongshore in approximate geostrophic balance with the onshore pressure gradient induced by coastal upwelling. Observations of such jets have shown that they often move offshore downstream of capes, leaving a pool of upwelled water inshore. Comparisons are made between this behavior and the hydraulic transition of a...
The Fenna-Matthews-Olson antenna protein from the green bacterium Pelodictyon phaeum mediates the energy transfer from a peripheral antenna complex to the membrane-bound reaction center. The three-dimensional structure of this protein has been previously modeled using X-ray diffraction to a resolution limit of 2.0 Å, with R[subscript work] and R[subscript free]...
In addition to the core characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) motor skill
deficits are present, persistent and pervasive across age. Although motor skill deficits have been
indicated in young children with autism they have not been included in the primary discussion of
early intervention content. 159 young children with...
Objective: To determine the relationship of motor skills and the core behaviors of young children with autism, social affective skills and repetitive behaviors, as indicated through the calibrated autism severity scores.
Design: The univariate GLM tested the relationship of gross and fine motor skills measured by the gross motor scale...
A remote sensing method to measure directional oceanic surface waves by three laser altimeters on the NOAA LongEZ aircraft is investigated. To examine feasibility and sensitivity of the wavelet analysis method to various waves, aircraft motions, and aircraft flight directions relative to wave propagation directions, idealized surface waves are simulated...
Studies of the effects of climate change on forests have focused on the ability of species to tolerate temperature
and moisture changes and to disperse, but they have ignored the effects of disturbances caused by climate change
(e.g., Ojima et al. 1991).Yet modeling studies indicate the importance of climate effects...
Published June 1942. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
We describe an integrated spatially distributed hydrologic
and glacier dynamic model, and use it to investigate
the effect of glacier recession on streamflow variations
for the upper Bow River basin, a tributary of the South
Saskatchewan River, Alberta, Canada. Several recent studies
have suggested that observed decreases in summer flows...
The role of glaciers as temporal water reservoirs is particularly pronounced in the (outer) tropics because of the very distinct wet/dry seasons. Rapid glacier retreat caused by climatic changes is thus a major concern, and decision makers demand urgently for regional/local glacier evolution trends, ice mass estimates and runoff assessments....
By mapping the three-dimensional density field while simultaneously tracking a subsurface, isopycnal float, direct observations of upwelling along a shelfbreak front were made on the southern flank of Georges Bank. The thermohaline and bio-optical fields were mapped using a towed undulating vehicle, and horizontal velocity was measured with a shipboard...
This report is an update of shellfish investigations from April 1961-March 1962. It includes a summary of observations of clam conditions, and discusses a Netarts Bay clam mortality, which drove the Fish Commission to ask the Tillamook County Court to inform them of any future construction projects involving estuaries. It...
Published November 1952. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Ideal values of bond angles and lengths used as external restraints are crucial for the successful
refinement of protein crystal structures at all but the highest of resolutions. The restraints in
common usage today have been designed based on the assumption that each type of bond or
angle has a...
Heterodera avenae and H. filipjevi are economically important cyst nematodes that restrict production of cereal crops in the Pacific Northwest United States and elsewhere in the world. Identification of these two species is critical for recommending and implementing effective management practices. Primers were designed from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)...
This progress report covers the two-year period of April 1962-March 1964 in an attempt to make the reports current. In it, you can find analysis of softshell clam populations in multiple bays, including Siuslaw, Nehalem, and Tillamook. This report includes counts for personal-use clam diggers, as well as clam digging...
This report is an update of shellfish investigations from April 1964 to March 1965. Inside can be found a summary of two clam mortality events. It also has the numbers of razor clams dug for sport and commercial fisheries and the results of the 1964 razor clam beach survey. This...
Published April 1943. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
From the planning days preceding the establishment of the US Global
Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, modeling was recognized as one
of the program’s pillars. In particular, predictions of future ecosystem states in an
evolving climate system required new interdisciplinary approaches that brought
together physicists, biologists, modelers, and observational scientists....
This report is an update of shellfish investigations from April 1967 to March 1970. It includes the results of bay clam surveys for Yaquina, Siuslaw, and Umpqua bays, and harvest numbers for razor clams in both personal-use and commercial fisheries. This report also contains a summary of beach surveys for...
Studies of the effects of climate change on forests have focused on the ability of species to tolerate temperature and moisture changes and to disperse, but they have ignored the effects of disturbances caused by climate change (e.g., Ojima et al. 1991). Yet modeling studies indicate the importance of climate...
The Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP) is an integrated long-term study that evaluates ecological effects of alternative treatments designed to reduce woody fuels and to stimulate the herbaceous understory of sagebrush steppe communities of the Intermountain West. This synopsis summarizes results through 3 yr posttreatment. Woody vegetation reduction by...
Most oceanographic instruments on the seafloor have no connections with the surface and therefore have to run on batteries and store data until recovery. To demonstrate a developing technology, sensors and acoustic modems were powered with energy harvested from the seafloor, and data were relayed acoustically in near–real time to...
In summary, as detailed below in Section III, we recommend the 2007 Legislature put
Measure 37 back on the track of fair and honest compensation for all claimants, and corral the
threat to Willamette Valley agriculture at the same time, by providing as follows:
• Whether in the form of...
Estimates of species' vital rates and an understanding of the factors affecting those parameters over time and space can provide crucial information for management and conservation. We used mark–recapture, reproductive output, and territory occupancy data collected during 1985–2013 to evaluate population processes of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in...
Published July 1942. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Reducing the weight and decreasing pressure losses of aviation gas turbine engines improves the thrust-to-weight ratio and improves efficiency. In ultra-compact combustors (UCC), engine length is reduced and pressure losses are decreased by merging a combustor with adjacent components using a systems engineering approach. High-pressure turbine inlet vanes can be...
Understanding the relative influence of fuels and climate on wildfires across the Rocky Mountains is necessary to predict how fires may respond to a changing climate and to define effective fuel management approaches to controlling wildfire in this increasingly populated region. The idea that decades of fire suppression have promoted...
Understanding the relative influence of fuels and climate on wildfires across the Rocky Mountains is necessary to predict how fires may respond
to a changing climate and to define effective fuel management approaches to controlling wildfire in this increasingly populated region. The idea
that decades of fire suppression have promoted...
INTRODUCTION: Many species of ambystomatid salamanders are dependent upon highly variable temporary wetlands
for larval development. High larval densities may prompt the expression of a distinct head morphology that may
facilitate cannibalism. However, few studies have characterized structural cannibalism within natural populations of
larval salamanders. In this study we used...
We estimated annual survival rates (S) of 23 radio-marked Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) at the Quartz and Timbered Rock burns and adjacent areas in southwest Oregon. We used known-fate models in program MARK to test for differences in survival among three groups (owls dwelling inside of burned areas,...
Forest fires contribute a significant amount of CO₂ to the atmosphere each year, and CO₂ emissions from fires are likely to increase under projected conditions of global climate change. In addition to volatilizing aboveground biomass and litter layers, forest fires have a profound effect on belowground carbon (C) pools and...
Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae [L.] Nevski) is an exotic annual grass invading western rangelands. Successful
revegetation of invaded-plant communities can be prohibitively expensive because it often requires iterative applications of
integrated control and revegetation treatments. Prescribed burning has been used to control medusahead and prepare seedbeds
for revegetation, but burning has...
Fire suppression has increased fuel loads and fuel continuity in mixed-conifer ecosystems, resulting in forest structures
that are vulnerable to catastrophic fire. This paper models fire behaviour in a mixed-conifer forest and investigates how
silvicultural and fuels treatments affect potential fire behaviour. The computer program FARSITE was used to spatially...
Fire suppression has increased fuel loads and fuel continuity in mixed-conifer ecosystems, resulting in forest structures
that are vulnerable to catastrophic fire. This paper models fire behaviour in a mixed-conifer forest and investigates how
silvicultural and fuels treatments affect potential fire behaviour. The computer program FARSITE was used to spatially...
Forest managers have little information of the effects of common restoration treatments, thinning and burning, on dead woody material (DWM) dynamics in fire-suppressed forests. Fine woody debris (FWD; 0.6–29.9 cm), coarse woody debris (CWD; ≥30.0 cm), and snags (≥5 cm) were inventoried and mapped in eighteen 4 ha plots before...
High‐resolution surveys of oceanographic and atmospheric conditions made during the
winter over the inner shelf off northwest Australia are used to examine the coastal ocean
response to large outgoing heat and freshwater fluxes. Relatively cool, low‐humidity air
blows off the Australian continent out over the tropical continental shelf, resulting in...
This study examines the effect of consumers' pre- and post-service encounter performance (SEP) on their satisfaction and repurchase intention in online markets. Specifically, we suggest that, in an online context, the different service performances: pre- and post-Service over time, affects consumer evaluation (i.e., overall satisfaction and repurchase intention) of a...
Fire has largely been excluded from many mountain big sagebrush communities. Managers are reluctant to
reintroduce fire, especially in communities without significant conifer encroachment, because of the decline in sagebrush-associated
wildlife. Given this management direction, a better understanding of fire exclusion and burning effects is
needed. We compared burned to...
The expansion of pion-juniper woodlands the past 100 years in the western United States has resulted in large scale efforts to kill trees and recover sagebrush steppe rangelands. It is important to evaluate vegetation recovery following woodland control to develop best management practices. In this study, we compared two fuel...
Intraspecific assisted migration (ISAM) through seed transfer during artificial forest regeneration has been suggested as an adaptation strategy to enhance forest resilience and productivity under future climate. In this study, we assessed the risks and benefits of ISAM in white spruce based on long-term and multilocation, rangewide provenance test data....
As part of the Halifax Project, this review brings attention to the potential effects of environmental chemicals on important molecular and cellular regulators of the cancer hallmark of evading growth suppression. Specifically, we review the mechanisms by which cancer cells escape the growth-inhibitory signals of p53, retinoblastoma protein, transforming growth...
In many western North American forests, prescribed burning and mechanical thinning are widely used to reduce
fuels and restore stand conditions after a century of fire suppression. Few studies have followed the relative impacts
of these treatments on the production and consumption of truffles in forest ecosystems, particularly in the...
In many western North American forests, prescribed burning and mechanical thinning are widely used to reduce
fuels and restore stand conditions after a century of fire suppression. Few studies have followed the relative impacts
of these treatments on the production and consumption of truffles in forest ecosystems, particularly in the...
Published September 1909. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) is one of the most intensively studied raptors in the world; however, little is known about the impacts of wildfire on the subspecies and how they use recently burned areas. Three large-scale wildfires in southwest Oregon provided an opportunity to investigate the short-term...
Harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) are commonly observed in Oregon's nearshore marine environment yet knowledge of their ecosystem use and behavior remains limited, generating concerns for potential impacts on this species from future coastal development. Passive acoustic monitoring was used to investigate spatial and temporal variations in the presence and foraging...
Published March 1964. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The design of a projectile delivery system often plays a critical role in the durability and breakage patterns associated with spent projectile points. This paper presents the results of an experimental project designed to examine projectile point durability and breakage patterns between three different hafting methods. Specifically, we compare two...
The authors investigate atmospheric internal gravity waves (IGWs): their generation and induction of global intermittent turbulence in the nocturnal stable atmospheric boundary layer based on the new concept of turbulence generation discussed in a prior paper by Sun et al. The IGWs are generated by air lifted by convergence forced...
As entrepreneurship research has matured, scholars have increasingly recognized that the formation of new ventures is commonly accomplished by teams as opposed to lone entrepreneurs. Over the past two decades, the upper echelons perspective has served as the primary lens for investigating new venture team functioning and performance. However, researchers...
Increasingly, objectives for forests with moderate- or mixed-severity fire regimes are to restore successionally diverse landscapes that are resistant and resilient to current and future stressors. Maintaining native species and characteristic processes requires this successional diversity, but methods to achieve it are poorly explained in the literature. In the Inland...
Prescribed fire is commonly applied world-wide as a tool for enhancing habitats and altering resource-selection patterns of grazing animals. A scientific basis for this practice has been established in some ecosystems but its efficacy has not been rigorously evaluated on mesic sagebrush steppe. Beginning in 2003, resource-selection patterns of beef...
The number of wildland–urban interface communities affected by wildfire is increasing, and both wildfire suppression and losses are costly. However, little is known about post-wildfire response by homeowners and communities after buildings are lost. Our goal was to characterise rebuilding and new development after wildfires across the conterminous United States....
Determining how the frequency, severity, and extent of forest fires are changing in response to changes in management and climate is a key concern in many regions where fire is an important natural disturbance. In the USA the only national-scale fire severity classification uses satellite image change-detection to produce maps...
Even after 140 years without a fire, mixed-conifer forest such as Teakettle’s Experimental Forest has a distinct patch pattern and complex structure. Researcher Malcolm North and colleagues examined the structure and function of these ecosystems and their response to widely used restoration treatments. Collectively the studies found fire was essential...
Observations of breaking internal tides on the Oregon continental slope during a 40-day deployment of 5 moorings along 43°12'N are presented. Remotely generated internal tides shoal onto the slope, steepen, break, and form turbulent bores that propagate upslope independently of the internal tide. A high-resolution snapshot of a single bore...
Published September 1931. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
We used a new model, STANDCARB, to examine effects of various treatments on carbon (C) pools in the Pacific Northwest forest sector. Simulation experiments, with five replicates of each treatment, were used to investigate the effects of initial conditions, tree establishment rates, rotation length, tree utilization level, and slash burning...
Mechanical thinning and prescribed fire are widely used to restore western forests after a century of fire suppression, yet we know little about
how these treatments affect understory communities where plant diversity is highest. We followed understory plants and environmental factors in
old-growth, Sierran mixed conifer for two pre-treatment and...
Mechanical thinning and prescribed fire are widely used to restore western forests after a century of fire suppression, yet we know little about how these treatments affect understory communities where plant diversity is highest. We followed understory plants and environmental factors in old-growth, Sierran mixed conifer for two pre-treatment and...
Mechanical thinning and prescribed fire are widely used to restore western forests after a century of fire suppression, yet we know little about
how these treatments affect understory communities where plant diversity is highest. We followed understory plants and environmental factors in
old-growth, Sierran mixed conifer for two pre-treatment and...
The occurrence of wildfires within municipal watersheds can result in significant impacts to water quality and ultimately human health and safety. In this paper, we illustrate the application of geospatial analysis and burn probability modeling to assess the exposure of municipal watersheds to wildfire. Our assessment of wildfire exposure consists...
The objective was to compare the acute-phase response of steers receiving different doses of bovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Fourteen weaned Angus steers (BW = 191 ± 2.1 kg, age = 167 ± 4.7 d) fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter and a rectal temperature (RT) monitoring device were assigned to...
A survey was made in Oregon and Washington of the discoloration occurring in noble fir and Western hemlock wood, and the present data are presented as an aid in the inspection of these woods for aircraft and other high-grade lumber.
Recommendations, based on strength tests of similar discolorations in spruce...
Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests are characterized by unusually high understory plant species diversity, but models describing understory ground cover biomass, and hence fuel load dynamics, are scarce for this fire-dependent ecosystem. Only coarse scale estimates, being restricted on accuracy and geographical extrapolation, are available. We analyzed the dynamics...
Nitrogen is a limiting resource in many temperate forests and nitrogen-fixing plants are usually limited to the early
stages of post-disturbance succession. In fire-dependent Sierra Nevada forests, however, Ceanothus cordulatus is
relatively abundant even in old-growth forest conditions which are at least partly maintained by fire.We conducted
a field experiment...
Nitrogen is a limiting resource in many temperate forests and nitrogen-fixing plants are usually limited to the early stages of post-disturbance succession. In fire-dependent Sierra Nevada forests, however, Ceanothus cordulatus is relatively abundant even in old-growth forest conditions which are at least partly maintained by fire. We conducted a field...
Two diametric paradigms have been proposed to model the molecular co-evolution of microbial mutualists and their eukaryotic hosts. In one, mutualist and host exhibit an antagonistic arms race and each partner evolves rapidly to maximize their own fitness from the interaction at potential expense of the other. In the opposing...